Influence of 24 annual applications of fertilisers and/or manure to alfalfa on forage yield and some soil properties under dryland conditions in northern China

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fan ◽  
Mingde Hao ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Quanjiu Wang ◽  
Mingbin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total P

A field experiment was established in 1984 at Changwu, Shaanxi, China, to determine the long-term effects of three annual fertiliser and/or manure treatments [no fertilisation (CK), application of phosphorus (P) fertiliser alone at 26 kg P ha–1, and application of P fertiliser at 26 kg P ha–1 + nitrogen (N) fertiliser at 120 kg N ha–1 + animal manure at 75 Mg ha–1 (PNM)] to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on forage dry matter yield (DMY) from 1985 to 2008 (24 growing seasons), and some soil properties (moisture content, and concentration of organic matter, total N, total P and available P in soil) in 2001, 2004 and 2006. Compared with the unfertilised CK, application of fertiliser and/or manure resulted in a significant increase of forage DMY in 19 of 24 years, with a maximum DMY usually in the PNM treatment. Cumulative DMY over 24 years (from 1985 to 2008) increased linearly in all three treatments, and it was higher by 22.72 Mg ha–1 with PNM and only by 7.78 Mg ha–1 with P compared with the CK treatment. Soil moisture contents in deep soil profiles did not differ among treatments in most cases. Soil organic matter, total N, total P and available P in soil increased with fertiliser and/or manure treatments, especially when PNM was applied over a long period. In conclusion, the findings suggest that combined applications of inorganic fertilisers and organic manure to alfalfa can provide substantial benefits in terms of both forage yield and stand longevity, while also improving soil quality on the Loess Plateau of northern China.

The Effects of a Wildfire on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties in an Eucalyptus urophylla Forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2492-2497
Author(s):  
Gan Wen Lie ◽  
Long Hua Ye ◽  
Hai Yong Bao ◽  
Hong Yue Chen ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Total P ◽  
Burned Forest

In this study, soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, available K, number of microorganism and enzyme activity were studied in a burnedE. urophyllaforest (the burned forest) and an unburned adjacentE. urophyllaforest (the control) in Dongyuan County, Guangdong Province, China. This study aims at investigating the effects of a single wildfire on soil properties of anE. urophyllaforest to provide basis for the recovery of soil fertility and management of burnedE. urophyllaforests. Significant differences were observed between the burned forest and the control in most of chemical properties. The wildfire significantly decreased the soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K by 32.8%, 33.6%, 36.8%, 35.2%, 25.0% and 28.5%, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in soil pH and available P. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in burned forest were significant lower than those of the control, while there was no difference in actinomycetes between the two forests. The urease, phosphatase and catalase activities were statistically significant lower than those of the control. The results suggested that there were significant effects on theE. urophyllaforest 1 year after the wildfire and the recovery from the wildfire may take a long time.

Effect of density of Tephrosia candida stands on soil characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Zhuomin Wang ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tephrosia Candida ◽  
Total P

With one-year-old Tephrosia candida trees as experimental material, influence of stand density on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity was studied. The results showed that density had little influenced on pH value in 2, 4 and 8 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter, effective nitrogen and effective phosphorus significantly increased in 2 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter and effective nitrogen significantly increased, whereas total N, total P, total K, effective N, effective P and effective K significantly decreased in 4 trees/m2 stand. Soil organic matter and nutrients except for total P significantly decreased in 8 trees m2 stand. Among the three density stands, the activities of urease, catalase and phosphatase were the lowest in 8 trees m2 stand.

scholarly journals Karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Pulau Ternate dan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat Provinsi Maluku Utara

DEPIK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugaya H. Serosero ◽  
Suryani . ◽  
Rina .
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Substrate Texture ◽  
Total P

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Takome Pulau Ternate dan Idamdehe Kecamatan Jailolo Propinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah tekstur substrat dengan metode pipet, penentuan kandungan nitrat danfosfat tanah dengan metode spektofotometer, pengukuran panjang + rostrum (cp+r) kepiting kelapa dan pola pertumbuhannya. Selain it juga diukur suhu udara, suhu lubang dan kelembaban udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Idamdehe memiliki karakteristik pantai yang curam, bahkan di beberapa lokasi penangkapan sangat terjal, sedangkan  di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate memiliki karakteristik pantai yang lebih landai. Tekstur substrat di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate terdiri atas pasir (55,76 %), debu (18,4%) dan liat (25,84%) dan Stasiun Idamdehe memiliki tekstur pasir (49,17%), debu (25,61%) dan liat (25,22%)dankandungan bahan organik substrat (Total N) di Takome adalah 0,31% dan total P adalah 0,09% sedangkan di Idamdehe Total N adalah 0,19% dan Total P 0,02%. Suhu udara di lokasi Idamdehe berkisar 26-280C dan di Takome 27-280C. Kelembaban udara 73%-98% di Idamdehe dan 71%-90% di Takome. Parameter lingkungan berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, tekstur substrat dan kandungan bahan organik di kedua lokasi penelitian mendukung kehidupan kepiting kelapa di habitat alaminya. Pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa di kedua lokasi Idamdehe adalah allometrik negatif.Kata kunci: Karakteristik habitat, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometrik, allometrik negatifAbstract. This objectives of the present study were to evaluate the habitat characteristics and growth patterns of the coconut crabs in Takome and Idamdehe waters North Maluku Province. This study was conducted during April-July 2014. The collected data were the substrate texture, nitrate and phosphate contents of soil using spectrophotometric method, length + rostrum (cp+r) of coconut crabs and the growth patterns. In addition, the air temperature, hole temperature and humidity were also recorded during the study. The results showed that Idamdehe waters has precipitous coast, indeed very precipitous in several catching locations, while Takome waters in Ternate Island has sloping coast. The substrate texture of Takome waters in Ternate Island consisted of sands (55.76%), dusts (18.4%) and clays (25.84%), while Idamdehe waters has the substrate texture that consisted of sands (49.17%), dusts (25.61 %) and clays (25.22%). As for organic matter contents of the substrate, Takome waters has 0.31% in total N and 0.09% in total P, while Idamdehe waters has 0.19% in total N and 0.02 % in total P. The air temperature in Idamdehe waters ranged between 26-280C and in Takome waters ranged between 27-280C. Air humidity in Idamdehe waters was 73%-98% and in Takome waters was 71%-90%. The environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, substrate texture and organic matter content in both locations are suitable for coconut crab growing. The growth pattern of coconut crabs in Idamdehe and Sulamadaha waters were allometric negative pattern.Keywords: Habitat characteristics, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometric, negative allometric.

scholarly journals Quality Enhancement of Humid Tropical Soils after Application of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Compost

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Bajora Justisia ◽  
Nanik Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Available P ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Compost Application

Compost application to soil leads to the improvement of its properties. However, nutrient content and enhancing capacity of compost are highly dependent on the original source and additive. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate selected soil quality indicators’ improvement and sweet corn growth following application of water hyacinth compost. Greenhouse experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. First factor consisted of soils from humid tropics, i.e. Andepts, Udepts, and Udults and second factor comprised of water hyacinth compost rates, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1. Treatment combinations were replicated 3 times. Compost was incorporated in soil a week before planting of sweet corn. After reaching maximum sweet corn growth, soil sample was collected, air-dried, grinded and passed through 0.5 mm screen, and analyzed for selected soil properties, except microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and particulate organic matter carbon (POMC) which were analyzed using fresh soil samples. The experiment pointed out that application of water hyacinth compost on Udepts exhibited the highest total soil organic carbon (TSOC), MBC, soil pH and available P (Bray I), followed by those in Andeps and Udults. Particulate organic matter carbon (PMOC), however, was highest in Andepts as compared to other soils. Higher rates of compost application contributed higher increase in TSOC, MBC, soil pH, available P, and exchangeable K. Udults had more pronounced increase in soil pH and decline of exchangeable Al than other soils. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the most distinct correlation among soil properties was observed between exchangeable Al and soil pH, followed by TSOC and MBC with coefficient correlation of -0.91 and 0.85, respectively. Correlation between soil properties and sweet corn growth exhibited that the most prominent correlation was shown between available P and shoot dry weigh of sweet corn with coefficient correlation of 0.92. This indicates that soil available P has significant contribution on sweet corn growth.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of fire and three firefighting chemicals on a soil - plant system

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Couto-Vázquez ◽  
S. García-Marco ◽  
S. J. González-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Plant System

The effects of fire and firefighting chemicals on soil properties and the soil–plant system were evaluated 5 years after treatment application. Unburnt soils were compared with burnt soils treated with water alone (BS) or with foaming agent (BS+Fo), Firesorb polymer (BS+Fi), or ammonium polyphosphate (BS+Ap). Soils (0–2 cm depth) and foliar material (Ulex micranthus, Pterospartum tridentatum, Erica umbellata and Pinus pinaster) were analysed for total C, total N, δ15N, nutrients (soil-available; plant total), pH and inorganic-N (soils) and vegetation cover and height. No long-term effects of firefighting chemicals on soil properties were found except for pH (BS+Fo > BS+Ap), inorganic-N and P (BS+Ap > other treatments). BS+Ap plants usually showed higher values of δ15N, N, P and Na, but less K. Soil coverage by Pterospartum and Ulex was higher in BS+Ap than in other treatments, whereas the opposite was observed for Erica; shrubs were always taller in BS+Ap. After 3 years of growth, the size of pine seedlings followed the order BS+Ap > unburnt soil > other treatments. Foliar N and P, scrub regeneration and growth of pines showed the long-term fertilising effect of ammonium polyphosphate, although the second highest pine mortality was found in the BS+Ap treatment. The foaming agent did not affect vegetation cover, and Firesorb had no noticeable effect on shrubs but the highest pine mortality.

The Effects of N and P Addition on the Soil Properties of a Eucalyptus urophylla Stand

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
Qiu Jing Li ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Hong Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

The effects of N and P addition on soil organic matter and nutrients, microbe and enzyme were investigated in a Eucalyptus urophylla stand to provide basis for soil management. Contents of organic matter, available P of N, P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, total N content of N and N+P addition was significant greater than the control, contents of total P, total K and available K of P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, available N content of N addition was significantly greater than the control, whereas that of P addition was significantly smaller than the control. N addition significantly increased the soil actinomyces number and urease activity, but had no significant effect on the number of soil bacteria and fungus, activities of phosphatase and catalase. Number of soil bacteria, fungus and actinomyces, activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase significantly increased after P addition, and biochemical indices except for bacteria number significantly increased after N + P addition.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Estonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Tõnu Mauring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Total N ◽  
Input Load ◽  
Total P

In Estonia many natural/semi-natural wetlands have been used for municipal or agricultural wastewater. During the last 6 years twelve constructed wetlands for wastewater purification were established. Budgets of organic matter (BOD), total-N and total-P of three systems (a sand/plant filter with vertical flow, established in 1992, area 90 m2, loading 3.8 g BOD m−2 d−1; a combined overland flow-vertical flow root-zone system on a Phalaris arundinacea-slope, 1989, 2400 m2 ha, 1 g BOD m−2 d−1; an aquatic macrophyte channel (bioditch), 140 m2, 40 g BOD m−2 d−1), located in southern Estonia, are analyzed. Except for nitrogen, the efficiency of the sand/plant filter was found satisfactory: 82%, 36%, and 74% for BOD5, total-N, and total-P, respectively. The poor performance with respect to nitrogen may be caused by weak vegetation. In thePhalaris -system, 65% of organic matter, 67% N, and 80% P was removed. The average output concentrations of this system were always lower than the recommended limits (BOD5 <10 mg l−1, total-N <10 mg l−1, and total-P <2 mg l−1). Due to the high input load, the BOD5, total-N, and total-P values in the outlet of the bioditch were high and extremely variable: 5–100, 6–16, and 1–4 mg l−1, respectively. To guarantee the recommendable output values from the bioditch, either a significant decrease of input load or an enlargement of the area of the wetlands would be needed. All results show that compared to other seasons the winter performance was not reduced.

Effect of phosphorus, farmyard manure and nitrogen on some soil properties in a soya bean-maize sequence

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
P. M. Nimje ◽  
Jagdish Seth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYThe effects of applying phosphorus, farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen on some soil properties were studied at the end of 2 years of field experimentation at New Delhi, India. Each year a crop of soya bean sown in the rainy season received phosphorus and farmyard manure and maize sown in winter received nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus was applied to soya bean at 0, 40 and 80 kg P2O5/ha, farmyard manure at 0 and 15 t/ha and nitrogen to maize at 0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha. Phosphorus application increased organic C, total N and available P status of the soil. It also improved bulk density and water-holding capacity of the soil. Farmyard manure increased organic C, total N, available P and K and pH of the soil, but decreased EC and bulk density of the soil. Water-holding capacity of the soil was increased by FYM. N fertilizer increased organic C and total N only.

Chemical properties of forest soils as affected by nests of Myrmica ruginodis (Formicidae)

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Véle ◽  
Jan Frouz ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša ◽  
Jiří Kalčík
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Myrmica Ruginodis ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Total P ◽  
Surrounding Soil

AbstractChemical properties (total and available P concentration; oxidizable C concentration; available K, Na, and Ca concentration; and pH) were quantified for 33 nests of the ant Myrmica ruginodis and in surrounding soil in young spruce forest stands. All properties, except total P, were significantly higher in the nests than in the surrounding soil. Total P was not higher in nests than in surrounding soil across all nests because nests had higher total P than surrounding soil if the soil contained low concentrations of total P but nests had lower total P than surrounding soil if the soil contained high concentrations of total P. The effect of nests on total P in the surrounding soil corresponded with effects of nests on oxidizable carbon (an indicator of organic matter) in the surrounding soil (concentrations of oxidizable carbon and total P were closely correlated). Available P concentrations were much higher in nests than in surrounding soil. Overall, the results indicated that two main processes explain the chemical changes of soil in the ant nests: (i) mixing due to excavation of deeper soil layers and (ii) deposition of excreta and food residues. The effect of soil mixing (whereby ants transport mineral soil from deeper layers to layers near the surface) is more pronounced in soils with high organic content near the surface because mixing increases the proportion of mineral soil in the nest while decreasing the proportion of organic matter and the concentration of total P.

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