Effects of missing-row sowing supplemented with row spacing and nitrogen on weed competition and growth and yield of wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Das ◽  
N. T. Yaduraju
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spatial Uniformity ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Ecological Weed Management

Crop husbandry practices, i.e. sowing method, row spacing, and nitrogen (N) fertilisation, influence weed competition in a crop and play a role in ecological weed management. Missing-row sowing is a novel method of sowing wheat, with one row left unsown after several rows of continuous sowing. It affects density and spatial uniformity of wheat, which may influence the wheat plants’ competitiveness and weed suppression. It may have interactions with row spacing and N, which may further improve crop–weed balance, but is rarely studied in India or elsewhere. We undertook this study to optimise the method of missing-row sowing of wheat in combination with row spacing and N application. The results revealed that leaving 20% of rows unsown significantly reduced weed populations and dry weights, and increased the competitiveness of wheat plants through greater leaf area, numbers of ear-bearing tillers, and uptake of N. Leaving 20% of rows unsown increased wheat yield by 10.9%, 17.3%, and 8.2%, respectively, during the first, second, and third year compared with conventional sowing (no missing rows). An 18.5-cm row spacing resulted in a more weed suppression than 22.5-cm row spacing, but the latter gave higher yield. Application of N at 120 kg/ha resulted in higher yield than N at 60 kg/ha, due to a significant reduction in weed growth. A practice that combines 20% of rows unsown, 22.5-cm row spacing, and 120 kg N/ha will yield more through better suppression of a moderate weed infestation.

scholarly journals Undersown cover crops have limited weed suppression potential when reducing tillage intensity in organically grown cereals

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Salonen ◽  
E. Ketoja
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation

Abstract Adoption of reduced tillage in organic cropping has been slow, partly due to concerns about increasing weed infestation. Undersown cover crops (CCs) are considered to be a feasible option for weed management but their potential for weed suppression is insufficiently investigated in low-till organic cropping. The possibilities to reduce primary tillage by introducing CCs to maintain weed infestation at a level that does not substantially jeopardize crop yield were studied in a field experiment in southern Finland during 2015–2017. Eight different CC mixtures were undersown in cereals and the response in weed occurrence was consecutively assessed in spring barley, winter wheat, and finally, as a subsequent effect, in spring wheat. Growth of CCs was too slow to prevent the flush of early emerging weeds in spring barley whereas in winter wheat, CCs succeeded in hindering the growth of weeds. However, CCs could not prevent the increase of perennial weeds in a reduced tillage system in which the early growth of spring wheat was retarded in cool 2017. Consequently, after 2 years of reduced tillage, weed biomass was about 2.6 times higher and spring wheat yield was 30% lower than in plowed plots, respectively. No major differences in weed control efficacy among CC treatments were evident. A grain yield benefit was recorded after repeated use of leguminous CCs. The need for long-term field studies remains of particular interest regarding post-harvest performance and influence of CCs on perennial weeds before the inversion tillage.

INFLUENCE OF INTER-ROW SPACING AND WEED CONTROL METHODS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeal (L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
J. A. ADIGUN ◽  
O. R. ADEYEMI ◽  
S. T. O., LAGOKE ◽  
P. M. OLORUNMAIYE ◽  
O. S. DARAMOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Main Plot

Weed competition has been identified as one of the major obstacles in crop production. The produc-tion of groundnut is limited by high weed infestation resulting in yield losses ranging from 50 - 80% in Nigeria. Hence, the need to evaluate integrated weed control in its production. Field trials were there-fore conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20’ N, 30 23’ E) to evaluate the influence of inter-row spacing and weed control methods on growth and yield of groundnut during the wet seasons in 2009 and 2010. The experiment was a Randomised Complete Design (RCBD) laid out in a split plot with three replications. The main plot treatment con-sisted of three inter-row spacings of 60 cm, 75 cm and 90 cm while the subplots included five weed control treatments of commercial formulation of metolachlor plus promethyne mixture (codal) at 1.0 kg a.i/ha, codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), codal at 2 kg a.i./ha, hoe weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS and a weedy check. Inter-row spacings of 60 cm and 75 cm reduced weed growth with consequent higher yields compared to the inter-row spacings of 90 cm in the early season of 2009. Application of codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 WAS combined with 60cm inter-row spacing gave effective weed control and higher groundnut pod yield than hoe-weeded control in both years of experimentation.

scholarly journals Effects of sowing dates and mulching on growth and yield of wheat and weeds (Phalaris minor Retz.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Amit Mishra ◽  
Naveen Khanal ◽  
Saroj Kumar Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Weed Infestation

Weed infestation, particularly Phalaris minor Retz. is a serious threat for increasing wheat productivity in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. The primary objective of this research was to study the effect of sowing dates and mulching on the growth of wheat and weeds. In general, early sowing (November-25) exhibited less growth of P. minor, but increased weed biomass and lower wheat yields than the delayed (December-10) sowing date. Application of paddy straw, jute mat, and black polythene mulches positively increased the height, tiller count, yield of wheat; and drastically reduced weed infestation, especially the growth of P. minor. Moreover, under no weed management, delayed sowing increased the wheat yield, over earlier sowing. It was concluded that organic mulches can sustainably manage the weed infestation, particularly P. minor and increase the wheat yield.

Effect of Row Spacing on Weed Competition with Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Weed Growth

Five field experiments were conducted with snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) row spacings of 15, 25, 36, 46, and 91 cm, all of which were seeded at a constant density of 43 plants/m2. When weeds were allowed to emerge with the crop, row spacings of 15 to 36 cm suppressed weed growth by 18% compared to the conventional 91-cm row spacing. When weeds were controlled for the first half of the season, row spacings of 15 to 36 cm suppressed weed growth by 82% compared to the 91-cm row spacing. The effect of the 46-cm row spacing on weed growth was variable. Weed suppression by narrow rows was explained by a higher rate of snap bean canopy closure in narrow rows. Snap beans in row spacings of 15 to 46 cm produced similar yields and were higher by an average of 23% than yields produced by snap beans in 91 - cm rows.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by Row-Spacing and Period of Weed interference in South-West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adigun ◽  
A. O. Osipitan ◽  
Segun Toyosi Lagoke ◽  
Raphael Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Stephen Olaoluwa Afolami
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weed Removal

Weed problem appears to be the most deleterious factor causing between 25 and 60% reduction in potential yield of cowpea. Field trials were therefore conducted to study the effect of inter-row spacing and period of weed interference on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07° 15'; 03° 25' E) in South Western Nigeria during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. The experiment consisted of eight main plots of weed interference which included initial weed removal for 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) and subsequently weed –infested until harvest as well as initial weed infestation for corresponding periods and thereafter kept weed free until harvest. There were also sub-plot treatments of three inter-row spacing of 60, 75, and 90 cm. All treatments in different combinations were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. In both trials, the use of inter-row spacing of 60 cm resulted in significant reduction in weed growth as evident in lower weed dry matter production and subsequent higher cowpea pod and grain yields than those of 75 and 90 cm inter-row spacing. Initial weed infestation of up to 3 WAS did not have any adverse effect on crop growth and cowpea grain yields provided the weeds were subsequently removed. On the other hand, cowpea grain yield loss was not significantly averted by keeping the crop weed free for only 3 WAS without subsequent weed removal. In this study, initial weed-infestation for 6 WAS and beyond significantly depressed various crop growth parameter and cowpea grain yield compared with the crop kept weed free throughout its life cycle. In order to obtain optimum yields similar to that of the weed free cowpea field, it was required to keep the crop weed free for 6 WAS and beyond. However, frequent weeding beyond 9 weeks after sowing did not improve cowpea yield significantly and as a matter of fact it may even result in reduction of cowpea grain yield due to mechanical damage of hoe weeding. The practical implication of this finding is that early weeding starting from 3 WAS is very crucial for cowpea production while the critical period of weed removal for optimum yield in cowpea is between 3 and 9 WAS in the forest-savannah transitional zone of south Western Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hamouz ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
L. Tyšer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Patch Spraying ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

An Integrated Weed Management Approach to Managing Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Conservation Tillage Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Greg Semach ◽  
Xiangju Li ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Perennial Plants

A 4-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the merits of combining cultural and chemical controls to manage foxtail barley in reduced-tillage systems. Factors studied were crop row spacing, seeding rate, and application rate and timing of glyphosate within a spring wheat-flax cropping sequence. Glyphosate applied preseeding at 400 or 800 g/ha killed foxtail barley seedlings but only suppressed established perennial plants. Glyphosate applied postharvest at 800 g/ha killed 60 to 70% of established plants. Combinations of preseeding and postharvest glyphosate gave the greatest reductions in foxtail barley biomass and seed production and resulted in the greatest increases in crop yield. Including flax in the rotation allowed use of grass herbicides such as quizalofop or sethoxydim that effectively controlled foxtail barley seedlings and provided some suppression of perennial plants. An increase in wheat seeding rate from 75 to 115 kg/ha reduced foxtail barley growth and increased wheat yield in 3 of 4 yr. Increasing the flax seeding rate from 40 to 80 kg/ha or reducing wheat and flax row spacing from 30 to 20 cm provided little benefit in managing foxtail barley or increasing crop yield. A multiyear approach combining agronomic practices and timely use of herbicides should allow growers to effectively manage foxtail barley in annual cropping systems using conservation tillage.

Weed control and row-spacing in dry-land sorghum in northern New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Holland ◽  
DW McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Growing Conditions

Six experiments were done in northern New South Wales over three seasons to study the effect of weeds on the yield of dry-land grain sorghum and methods of weed control. The relation between crop row spacing and weed control by inter-row cultivation or atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino- 6-isopropylamino-l,3,5-triazine), or both was studied. Where the site yield was high because of favourable growing conditions, an increase in the crop row spacing reduced yield. At low yielding sites, an increase in the row spacing increased yields. At most sites, weed growth was greater with wider row spacings, which resulted in a larger reduction in crop yield where weeds were not removed. Inter-row cultivation reduced weed growth to less than half that of the unweeded controls. Pre-emergent atrazine gave good weed suppression, generally reducing weed growth to less than 10% of the unweeded control when applied at 2.5 kg/ha active ingredient. Post-emergent atrazine was much less effective. Inter-row cultivation combined with a band of pre-emergent atrazine over the crop row was as effective in weed control as an overall spray of pre-emergent atrazine.

scholarly journals Row-spacing and seed-rate effects on winter wheat in Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
T. Welacky ◽  
A. Hamill ◽  
A. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

Weed management options in transgenic stacked and non transgenic maize (Zea mays) hybrids-A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sivagamy ◽  
C. Chinnusamy ◽  
P. Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Weeds are generally hardy species having fast growth, deep root system and capable of competing very efficiently with cultivated crops for the available resources and adversely affect the crop growth and yield. Weed management systems that rely on post emergence control assume that crops can tolerate competition for certain periods of time without suffering yield losses. Initial slow growth particularly at early crop growth stages and wider plant spacing of maize crop encourages fast and vigorous growth of weeds. It is of paramount importance that, competition from weeds must be minimized to achieve optimum yield. Among the different weed control methods, chemical method bears many advantages in suppressing weed growth and to get healthy and vigorous crop stand. Non-selective herbicide molecules with a variety of mode of action were discovered, developed and marketed for successful weed control programme.

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