Expression of qualitative and quantitative traits in hybrids between domesticated and wild accessions of the tropical tuberous legume Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Damayanti ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
L. M. Bielig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vigna Vexillata ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Seed Testa

The expression of morphological, phenological and agronomic traits was recorded in parents and progeny of hybrids between domesticated and wild accessions of the tropical tuberous legume Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. Generally similar patterns were observed in hybrid populations between the putative domesticate var. macrosperma and wild Australian and African accessions, and between a cultivated Bali variety and a wild Australian accession, although observations in the latter populations were severely constrained by genetic incompatibilities between the parents. Several traits of domestication, including broad leaflet size, ovate leaflet shape, non-pigmented stems, non-dehiscent pods, uniform seed testa colour and green seed testa were recessive to the wild type traits and under simple genetic control, with genetic linkages evident between several wild type traits. Most morphological and phenological traits were under quantitative genetic control with high to very high broad sense heritability and moderate to very high narrow sense heritability, indicating good prospects for advance through breeding and selection. An exception was time to flowering, where there were discontinuities in frequency distributions of F2 and backcross populations, with some apparent dominance for earliness over lateness. Another exception was the number of seeds per pod, which in the var. macrosperma × wild populations, appeared to be under qualitative di-allelic control, with homozygous plants having nearly twice the number of seeds per pod as heterozygous plants. In some populations, there was apparent hybrid vigour for vegetative growth and tuber size attributes. It was concluded that the wild African and Australian accessions could be used along with var. macrosperma for breeding improved varieties of V. vexillata for forage, cover crop and vegetable uses. However, for improved pod and seed attributes, particularly the yield, size and appearance of seeds, emphasis needs to be placed on sourcing greater genetic diversity within var. macrosperma and within the cultivated Bali variety, which, because of their genetic incompatibility, will need to be the focus of separate breeding programs.

Genotypic variation in domesticated and wild accessions of the tropical tuberous legume Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Damayanti ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
L. M. Bielig
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Vigna Vexillata ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
Seed Testa

Vigna vexillata is an underutilised perennial tuberous legume with several multipurpose uses. In a comparative study to identify sources of potentially useful genetic variation, six cultivated accessions from two regions in Bali, a var. macrosperma accession and 12 wild accessions from Africa, Australia and Indonesia were evaluated for selected morphological, agronomic and phenological traits. Measurements were made of qualitative and quantitative traits on plants grown over the spring–autumn period in large pots on benches outdoors at Townsville, Australia (19°19.7′S, 146°45.7′E). Variation among the genotypes was assessed between the three main groups of accessions, between provenances within groups, and between accessions within provenances. Large variation was observed for most traits, with clear differentiation evident between the three main groups of accession. There was minimal variation within the Bali accessions for all except tuber attributes, while within the wild accessions there were some small differences due to provenance. The Bali accessions and var. macrosperma shared many attributes often associated with domestication, distinguishing them from the wild accessions. For example, the Bali accessions and var. macrosperma had broad-ovate leaflets, uniform-coloured seed testa, and non-dehiscent pods, and larger pods and seeds, seed yield per plant and seed harvest index than the wild accessions. Nonetheless, there were distinct differences between the Bali accessions and var. macrosperma. The Bali accessions had a larger seed size but fewer seeds per pod than var. macrosperma and were unique in having more than twice as many flowers per peduncle and a much longer duration of seed development than either var. macrosperma or the wild accessions. Whereas the Bali accessions were photoperiod-sensitive and as a consequence, late flowering and vegetatively vigorous, var. macrosperma was early flowering, more bush-like in habit and had higher seed yield and seed harvest index, all traits associated with domestication. Across all the accessions, there were significant correlations between many pairs of traits. While the present study identified sources of potentially useful variation, it was concluded that the lack of variation within the Bali accessions, combined with the paucity of both cultivated and var. macrosperma accessions in current germplasm collections, pose constraints to the future genetic improvement of V. vexillata.

scholarly journals Variation among Australian accessions of the wild mungbean (Vigna radiata ssp. sublobata) for traits of agronomic, adaptive, or taxonomic interest

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germplasm Resource ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Adaptive Explanation ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
West Timor

The wild mungbean, Vigna radiata ssp. sublobata, is an ‘old world’ tropical species indigenous throughout the better watered areas of northern Australia. Variation among 115 accessions, mainly from Australia, West Timor, and Papua New Guinea, was evaluated for several diverse traits. The plants were cultivated in the field at 2 sowing dates, at both a tropical and a subtropical location, with 6 accessions from India and a mungbean cultivar for comparison. Substantial variation was identified for traits of potential agronomic, adaptive, or taxonomic interest. For some traits, like phenology, the variation appeared to be systematic, with plausible underlying physiological and/or adaptive explanation. Among accessions, wild type traits, like prostrate habit, more gracile morphology, twining form, and small hard seeds, tended to be associated. There was a general geographic trend for lines collected from locations more remote from where mungbean has historically been cultivated to show greater expression of wild type traits, with few ‘traits of domestication’ evident in the Australian accessions. Some of the identified variation, e.g. higher seed protein content, hardseededness, and putative disease resistance, may be of value in mungbean variety improvement. A more targetted evaluation of the collection would likely reveal other adaptations, especially tolerance to environmental stresses. As such, the wild accessions are a potentially valuable if under-utilised germplasm resource.

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Hao Zhu ◽  
Warwick Stiller ◽  
Philippe Moncuquet ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Yuman Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract Fiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0–6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.

scholarly journals Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽  
Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

scholarly journals Ensovibep, a novel trispecific DARPin candidate that protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stumpp
Keyword(s):  
Single Agent ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cooperative Binding ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Inhibitory Potency ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people globally and continues to undergo evolution. Emerging variants can be partially resistant to vaccine induced and therapeutic antibodies, emphasizing the urgent need for accessible, broad-spectrum therapeutics. Here, we report a comprehensive study of ensovibep, the first trispecific clinical DARPin candidate, that can simultaneously engage all three units of the spike protein trimer to potently inhibit ACE2 interaction, as revealed by structural analyses. The cooperative binding of the individual modules enables ensovibep to retain inhibitory potency against all frequent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, as of December 2021. Moreover, viral passaging experiments show that ensovibep, when used as a single agent, can prevent development of escape mutations comparably to a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Finally, we demonstrate that the very high in vitro antiviral potency also translates into significant therapeutic protection and reduction of pathogenesis in Roborovski dwarf hamsters infected with either the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type or the Alpha variant. In this model, ensovibep prevents fatality and provides substantial protection equivalent to the standard of care mAb cocktail. These results support further clinical evaluation and indicate that ensovibep could be a valuable alternative to mAb cocktails and other treatments for COVID-19.

Characterisation of a rice vacuolar invertase isoform, OsINV2, for growth and yield-related traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamitha R. Morey ◽  
Tatsuro Hirose ◽  
Yoichi Hashida ◽  
Akio Miyao ◽  
Hirohiko Hirochika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Overexpression Phenotype

OsINV2, a rice vacuolar invertase isoform, was assessed for its functional roles in plant growth and development with key focus on its agronomic traits such as grain weight, grain filling percentage, grain number and dry weights at various stages until harvest. Lack of differences between the wild-type and the mutants with respect to any of the aforementioned traits tested revealed a possibility of functional compensation of OsINV2 in the mutants conceivably by its isoform. This was confirmed by OsINV2 promoter::GUS studies, where its spatial and temporal expression in the panicle elongation stages showed that although OsINV2 expression was observed from the stage with young panicles ~1 cm in length to the flag leaf stage, significant differences with respect to panicle and spikelet phenotypes between the wild-type and the mutant were not present. However, complement lines displaying an overexpression phenotype of OsINV2 possessed a higher stem non-structural carbohydrate content under both monoculm and normal tillering conditions. A trade-off between the spikelet number and grain weight in the complement lines grown under monoculm conditions was also observed, pointing towards the necessity of OsINV2 regulation for grain yield-related traits.

scholarly journals Dissection of soybean populations according to selection signatures based on whole-genome sequences

GigaScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Yoon Kim ◽  
Seongmun Jeong ◽  
Kyoung Hyoun Kim ◽  
Won-Jun Lim ◽  
Ho-Yeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Background Domestication and improvement processes, accompanied by selections and adaptations, have generated genome-wide divergence and stratification in soybean populations. Simultaneously, soybean populations, which comprise diverse subpopulations, have developed their own adaptive characteristics enhancing fitness, resistance, agronomic traits, and morphological features. The genetic traits underlying these characteristics play a fundamental role in improving other soybean populations. Results This study focused on identifying the selection signatures and adaptive characteristics in soybean populations. A core set of 245 accessions (112 wild-type, 79 landrace, and 54 improvement soybeans) selected from 4,234 soybean accessions was re-sequenced. Their genomic architectures were examined according to the domestication and improvement, and accessions were then classified into 3 wild-type, 2 landrace, and 2 improvement subgroups based on various population analyses. Selection and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that the landrace subgroups have selection signals for soybean-cyst nematode HG type 0 and seed development with germination, and that the improvement subgroups have selection signals for plant development with viability and seed development with embryo development, respectively. The adaptive characteristic for soybean-cyst nematode was partially underpinned by multiple resistance accessions, and the characteristics related to seed development were supported by our phenotypic findings for seed weights. Furthermore, their adaptive characteristics were also confirmed as genome-based evidence, and unique genomic regions that exhibit distinct selection and selective sweep patterns were revealed for 13 candidate genes. Conclusions Although our findings require further biological validation, they provide valuable information about soybean breeding strategies and present new options for breeders seeking donor lines to improve soybean populations.

scholarly journals Sowing Density Effects in Cotton Yields and Its Components

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Manuel Guzman ◽  
Luis Vilain ◽  
Tatiana Rondon ◽  
Juan Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Evaluation of sowing density is an important factor for achieving maximum yields without affecting other agronomic traits. Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to determinate the effect of four sowing density (62,500; 83,333; 100,000 and 142,857 pl ha−1) on yields and its components of two cotton varieties, ‘Delta Pine 16′ and ‘SN-290′ in Venezuela. The traits evaluated were lint yield, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, 100-seed weight, and fiber content. Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed among genotypes, sowing density and their interactions for all traits. Sowing density was not affected by year factor. High lint yield was found in ‘SN-290′ (4216.2 kg ha−1) at 100,000 pl ha−1; and in ‘Delta Pine 16′ (3917.3 kg ha−1) at 83,333 pl ha−1. The highest sowing density (142,857 pl ha−1), decrease lint yield and yield components in the genotypes. The highest boll weight was obtained by ‘SN-290′ with 6.4 g in average. All sowing densities evaluated resulted in lint percentages above 40%. Cotton lint yield was positively correlated with all yield components. Our results indicate that highest lint yields could be obtained with sowing densities between 83,333 and 100,000 pl ha−1 depending upon varieties used across savannahs of Venezuela.

Enhanced sodium-dependent extrusion of magnesium in mutant cells established from a mouse renal tubular cell line

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. F742-F748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Watanabe ◽  
Masato Konishi ◽  
Ichiro Ohkido ◽  
Senya Matsufuji
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Renal Tubular Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Very High

To study the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i) in renal tubular cells as well as in other cell types, we established a mutant strain of mouse renal cortical tubular cells that can grow in culture media with very high extracellular Mg2+ concentrations ([Mg2+]o > 100 mM: 101Mg-tolerant cells). [Mg2+]i was measured with a fluorescent indicator furaptra (mag-fura 2) in wild-type and 101Mg-tolerant cells. The average level of [Mg2+]i in the 101Mg-tolerant cells was kept lower than that in the wild-type cells either at 51 mM or 1 mM [Mg2+]o. When [Mg2+]o was lowered from 51 to 1 mM, the decrease in [Mg2+]i was significantly faster in the 101Mg-tolerant cells than in the wild-type cells. These differences between the 101Mg-tolerant cells and the wild-type cells were abolished in the absence of extracellular Na+ or in the presence of imipramine, a known inhibitor of Na+/Mg2+ exchange. We conclude that Na+-dependent Mg2+ transport activity is enhanced in the 101Mg-tolerant cells. The enhanced Mg2+ extrusion may prevent [Mg2+]i increase to higher levels and may be responsible for the Mg2+ tolerance.

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