Variation for and relationships among biomass and grain yield component traits conferring improved yield and grain weight in an elite wheat population grown in variable yield environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Rattey ◽  
Ray Shorter ◽  
Scott Chapman ◽  
Fernanda Dreccer ◽  
Anthony van Herwaarden
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Grain yield and kernel size (grain weight) are important industry traits for wheat in the water-limited environments of the north-eastern wheatbelt of Australia. These, and underpinning morphological and physiological traits, were evaluated in a population of recombinant inbred lines from the elite CIMMYT cross Seri/Babax, segregating for the presence of the rye translocation (T1BL.1RS). The population was examined to determine the variation among lines, relationships among traits, the extent of line × environment interactions, potential efficiency of direct and indirect selection, and to identify trait combinations that are associated with higher grain yield and grain weight. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits, and line × environment interaction effects were frequently larger than line main effects. Across six environments ranging in yield from 202 to 660 g/m2, the T1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation had a positive effect on grain weight (+3.4%) but resulted in decreased grain number per m2 (–6.5%) and grain yield (–3.1%). Realised selection responses indicated that broad adaptation was best achieved by selection for mean performance across the range of target environments. However, specific adaptation for performance in high- or low-yielding environments was best detected by direct selection in those types of environments. A group of broadly adapted Seri/Babax lines exceeded the mean of five cultivars grown commercially in the north-eastern wheatbelt by 8% for grain yield and 17% for grain weight. These Seri/Babax lines with both high grain yield and grain weight were associated with a combination of several traits: earlier flowering, reduced tillering, a greater proportion of tillers that produce grain-bearing spikes at maturity, high water-soluble carbohydrate stem reserves at anthesis, a higher proportion of competent florets at anthesis to maximise grains per spikelet leading to a high harvest index, and possibly a greater capacity to extract soil water. These results suggest a suitable ideotype for breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars with high grain weight adapted to environments with hotter, drier conditions during the post-anthesis period.

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cogliatti ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
H. Dalla Valle ◽  
W J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis ◽  
Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

Mid-parent advantage and heterosis in F1 hybrids of wheat from crosses among old and modern varieties

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Modern Varieties

Twenty-eight F1 hybrids of wheat and their parents were grown in field trials at Trumpington, Cambridge during 1986/87 and 1987/88. They were derived from crosses between seven ‘modern’ varieties, used as female parents, and either two ‘old’ (Squareheads Master and Partridge) or two ‘modern’ varieties (Bert and Motto), which were used as male parents. Grain yield, yield components, biomass and height were determined. The male parents were chosen to provide contrasting phenotypes and genetic backgrounds for the F1 hybrids. Mid-parent advantage, the increase of a hybrid for a given character above the mean of its parents, and heterosis, the increase of a hybrid above the ‘better’ parent for that character, were calculated. Most F1 hybrids showed mid-parent advantage for the characters studied. This tended to be greatest for hybrids derived from parents with the largest phenotypic differences in that character. In contrast, where heterosis occurred it tended to be greatest where the phenotypic difference between the parents was least. This suggests that the beneficial effects of hybridization, resulting from the dispersion of dominant genes between the parents, was insufficient to overcome the detrimental effects of other genes present where the ‘less good’ parent was substantially lower than the ‘better’ parent. Hybrids derived from the ‘modern’ male parents had greater heterosis for grain yield and mean grain weight than those from the ‘old’ parents. Of the yield components, positive heterosis for mean grain weight resulted in heavier seeds and was the most important yield component in determining heterosis in grain yield. Heterosis for the number of grains/ear was small or did not differ significantly from zero while number of ears/m2 showed negative heterosis resulting in fewer ears/m2 in the hybrids.

scholarly journals Expected genetic advance for thousand grain weight and grain number per spike of bread wheat and durum wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Gordana Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Vesna Kandic ◽  
Jovan Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively.

Assessing barley (Hordeum vulgare) response to clipping in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
M. K. J. El-Shatnawi ◽  
N. I. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Greenhouse pot trials and field experiments were carried out under rain-fed condition in north-eastern Jordan during 1997–98 and 1998–99 growing seasons, to test 3 barley genotypes for their suitability for both forage and grain production. The varieties Rehani and ACSAD176 produced higher forage yields than Rum. In the field, clipping reduced subsequent grain yield per plant by about 18%, lowering grain weight of the main spike from 2.3�g in the control to 1.8 g in the clipped plants. Clipping increased tiller density of barley plants in the field. Decreases in grain yield following clipping could also be attributed to reductions in the number of grains per spike. Clipping decreased the number of grains per spike by about 9% by reducing the number of spikelets per spike. Cutting reduced 1000-grain weight by about 9%. Clipping induced changes in the relative importance of yield components influencing subsequent grain yield. The yield components reduced by clipping were the most important contributors to loss of grain yield.

Response of phalaris to differing water regimes or grazing treatments as measured by basal bud weight, water-soluble carbohydrates, and plant tillers

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North West ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
The North

Studies of Phalaris aquatica L. were used to collect data for basal bud (all below ground shoot material) weights, their water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, and green vegetative tillers. A glasshouse study of cvv. Australian and Sirosa was conducted on regrowth after 26 days of plants previously exposed to either non-limiting or limiting (simulated Mediterranean environment, and 3- or 6-week drought) watering treatments. The other studies were of Sirosa phalaris pastures that had previously been subjected to continuous or lenient (resting in both spring and autumn each year) grazing by Merino wethers. In the glasshouse study, weight of basal buds (g/plant) was highest (13.88 g/plant) for Australian plants in the non-limiting water treatment, but not significantly different among watering treatments for Sirosa plants. Basal bud WSC values ranged from 2126 mg/plant (Australian phalaris, non-limiting water) to <200 mg/plant in 6-week drought and Mediterranean watering treatments of both cultivars. Tiller regrowth was higher in Australian non-limiting water treatment compared with all other treatments. Post-drought field studies (6 weeks tiller regrowth in May–June 1995) showed that plants in continuously grazed treatments had basal bud weights <11 g/plant, basal bud WSC contents <600 mg/plant, and green vegetative tiller weights <2.5 g/plant, compared with values of >11 g/plant, >1300 mg/plant, and >3.6 g/plant, respectively, for treatments rested for 12 weeks in both autumn and spring. At the end of spring 1995, when plants were post stem elongation and anthesis, basal bud WSC (mg/plant) was significantly higher in autumn–spring rest treatments compared with plants that were continuously grazed (mean values for 2 sites of 2889 and 1458 mg/plant, respectively). From these data, threshold values of basal bud WSC contents of <600 mg/plant after 6 weeks of regrowth in autumn–early winter, or <2000 mg/plant in flowering plants in late spring in continuously grazed pastures >3 years old, were proposed as useful indicators that management intervention may be required to maintain Sirosa phalaris persistence on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales.

scholarly journals Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield Components and Biochemical Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Singh ◽  
B. Sushma ◽  
Nidhi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Direct

Background: Grain yield is a complex character so direct selection for yield as such can be misleading. Keeping in view, the present study aimed to assess the path coefficient analysis with correlation coefficient technique to establish the direct and indirect relationship between the yield and its component. Methods: The present investigation carried out during kharif 2019 at Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha in randomized complete block design with 3 replication involving 20 maize genotypes. Data were collected from five randomly selected plnts on 20 agromorphic and biochemical traits. All the biochemical analysis estimated from leaf sample following standard procedure. Result: The traits shelled grain weight, cob diameter, number of grains per cob and anthesis silking interval were found to possess significant association in disirable direction with five ear weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. None of the biochemical trairts establishing significant positive association with yield. Highest positive direct effect on 5 ear weight was noticed by shelled grain weight (1.108) followed by phenols (0.115), internodal length (0.106) and days to 50 percent anthesis (0.102) indicating that the selection for these characters were likely to bring about an overall improvement in grain yield directly.

scholarly journals Improving Grain Yield via Promotion of Kernel Weight in High Yielding Winter Wheat Genotypes

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Improving plant net photosynthetic rates and accelerating water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation play an important role in increasing the carbon sources for yield formation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Understanding and quantify the contribution of these traits to grain yield can provide a pathway towards increasing the yield potential of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify kernel weight gap for improving grain yield in 15 winter wheat genotypes grown in Shandong Province, China. A cluster analysis was conducted to classify the 15 wheat genotypes into high yielding (HY) and low yielding (LY) groups based on their performance in grain yield, harvest index, photosynthetic rate, kernels per square meter, and spikes per square meter from two years of field testing. While the grain yield was significantly higher in the HY group, its thousand kernel weight (TKW) was 8.8% lower than that of the LY group (p < 0.05). A structural equation model revealed that 83% of the total variation in grain yield for the HY group could be mainly explained by TKW, the flag leaf photosynthesis rate at the grain filling stage (Pn75), and flag leaf water-soluble carbohydrate content (WSC) at grain filling stage. Their effect values on yield were 0.579, 0.759, and 0.444, respectively. Our results suggest that increase of flag leaf photosynthesis and WSC could improve the TKW, and thus benefit for developing high yielding wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN F4 GENERATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Rai ◽  
U. K. Sarker ◽  
P. C. Roy ◽  
A. K. M. S. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Hill Number

Twenty five rice genotypes were used to study the genetic components, correlation and path coefficients during Aman season of 2011. Thirteen characters were studied to find out the suitable traits for the improvement of rice yield. Among these characters considerable correlation were observed. Correlation values of grain yield per square meter with plant height, number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of primary branches, number of filled grain per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), 1000 grain weight and days to flowering revealed that selection based on this traits could significantly be improved the grain yield of rice. Number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight exhibited high direct effect coupled with significant positive correlation on grain yield indicating selection on the basis of these traits would enhanced yield potentiality of rice. The residual effect was found 0.179 which indicated that 82.10% of the variability was accounted for 13 yield and yield contributing traits included in the present study. Rest 17.90% variability might be controlled by other yield contributed traits that was not included in the present investigation. So direct selection based on these traits would be effective for improvement of these F4 materials

Agro-morphological diversity and stability of durum wheat lines (Triticum durum Desf.) in Algeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mekliche ◽  
F. Dahlia ◽  
L. Hanifi-Mekliche
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
The North ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotypic Stability ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Heterogeneity Variance ◽  
Wheat Lines

This study focuses on the genetic potential and genotypic stability of 17 durum wheat genotypes during three crop years under wet conditions in the north of Algeria (Algiers). The results showed highly significant (P<0.001) agro-morphological diversity between the genotypes and a genotype × environment interaction for all the traits except for fertile spikelet number. Wricke’s ecovalance (wi), Shukla's stability variance (σi2), heterogeneity variance (%HV) and the incomplete correlation (%IC) method were used to analyse the genotype × environment interaction on grain yield. The genotypes Ardente/Waha L2, Ardente and Saadi/Simeto L3 exhibited great instability with the highest values of wi, σi2, %HV and %IC. Ardente/Waha L1, Simeto/Vitron L5, Simeto and Ardente/Vitron L1 had the highest grain yield and average stability (wi, %HV and %IC were weak). Significant correlations were found between %HV, Rij2, bi, wi, σi2 and %IC, implying that they were similarly efficient in detecting stable genotypes and in measuring stability.

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