Electrophoretically Deposited Titanium Dioxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Matthews ◽  
A Kay ◽  
M Gratzel
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Thin Films

A new technique for forming porous thin layers of nano -colloidal titanium dioxide on electronically conducting glass was developed. This technique uses constant-current electrophoretic deposition from a dispersion of Degussa P-25 titanium dioxide in 2-methoxyethanol followed by air-drying and annealing. Dye-sensitized TiO2 photovoltaic cells constructed with these films gave current-voltage characteristics comparable with those of films produced by other techniques. A 30 cm2 prototype photovoltaic cell was constructed with electrophoretically deposited TiO2, and tested. Measurement of the dark current and photocurrent enabled the calculation of the light current, and the effect of both the dark current and the series resistance on the cell performance was demonstrated.

Study of Photovoltaic Devices with Hybrid Active Layer

2019 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Pawel Jarka ◽  
Tomasz Tański ◽  
Bartlomiej Hrapkowicz ◽  
Barbara Hajduk ◽  
Kamil Bystroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this work is to present the influences of composition of the material and manufacturing technology conditions of the organic photovoltaics devices (OPv) with the organic and hybrid bulk heterojunction on the active layers properties and cells performance. The layers were produced by using small molecular compounds: the metal-phthalocyanine (MePc) and perylene derivatives (PTCDA) and the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Two kinds of metal phthalocyanines (NiPc, TiOPc) were used as donor material and pperylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) as an acceptor. The used manufacturing technique allowed to employ thin layers of materials in a fast deposition process. Bulk heterojunction was created by simultaneously applying the MePc:PTCDA materials during the evaporation of the components mixture.The research was based on the estimate of composition of bulk heterojunction, the examination of the surface morphology of the used layers and optical properties studies of the heterojunction and its implementation to photovoltaic architecture. The produced photovoltaic cells parameters were determined on the basis of current - voltage characteristics.The researches of structure of obtained layers were conducted by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The quantitative determination of surface topography by determining RMS and Ra coefficients were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to determine the optical properties of the films the UV-Visible spectroscope have been utilized. Current - voltage characteristics were employed to determine the basic photovoltaic parameters using a dedicated device.The paper describes the influence of the individual components sharing the bulk heterojunction on its structure, optical properties and morphology of surface. In addition it allows for linking active layers properties with the parameters of the photovoltaic cells. The obtained results suggest the possibility of developing the utilized materials and technology in the further works on photovoltaic structures.

Reverse Bias Degradation in Shadowed Devices in TiO2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Modules

2012 ◽  
Vol 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Mastroianni ◽  
Thomas M. Brown ◽  
Alessandro Lanuti ◽  
Lucio Cinà ◽  
Angelo Lembo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Reverse Bias ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
Severe Loss ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Cell Modules

ABSTRACTMismatched or shadowed individual cells in a module can operate in the Reverse Bias (RB) regime. Subjecting a dye solar cell (DSC) to an accelerated RB stress by forcing a constant current equal to 2-fold its ISC, produced significant alterations on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in RB with time and a severe loss of cell efficiency in 32h. We investigated and identified a key mechanism for RB charge transfer and degradation in DSCs. I-V characteristics in RB were found to be sensitive to the type of dye utilized and to TiCl4 substrate treatment.

The Dark Current at the TiO2 Electrode of a Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Photovoltaic Cell

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stanley ◽  
D Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Tio2 Electrode ◽  
Tio2 Surface ◽  
Dark Reaction ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Major Factors

One of the major factors limiting the performance of the dye-sensitized TiO2 photovoltaic cell is the rapid increase in dark current at potentials above 0.5 V. This current is due to the reduction of the oxidant within the electrolyte at the dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode. Owing to the porous nature of the TiO2 film, the dark reaction can occur at either the TiO2 surface or the surface of the conducting glass. Dark current measurements were made on Libbey -Owens-Ford TEC 10 conducting glass and on the same glass coated with electrophoretically deposited Degussa P-25 TiO2 covered with a monolayer of the sensitizing dye cis-di( thiocyanato ) bis (2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) in an electrolyte consisting of the I3-/I- couple in 1:1 propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate. The contribution to the dark current resulting from the reaction at the surface of the conducting glass was relatively small at ambient temperatures. The dark reaction at the surface of the dye-sensitized TiO2 was found to make the major contribution to the dark current under these conditions. Tentative results for the Tafel parameters which indicate that the dark reaction occurs via the reduction of both I3- and I2, which are in equilibrium, are also presented.

scholarly journals Changes in the characteristics of silicon photovoltaic cells of solar arrays after current overloads

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanchenko ◽  
A. S. Tonkoshkur
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Recent Emergence

Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the influence of current overloads and local overheating on the degradation of the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic components of solar arrays. First of all, it is connected with the tasks of increasing the reliability and durability of the operation of such renewable sources of electrical energy. Such studies are of particular interest due to the recent emergence of new methods and devices for improving the reliability of solar arrays by isolating inactive (defective or shaded) areas of their photovoltaic components (photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules). This paper presents the research results on the influence of current overloads on the current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics and the electrical parameters of photovoltaic cells of solar arrays based on monocrystalline silicon. The testing was performed using the cyclic current overload mode, which is the flow of electric breakdown current passed through the back-turned diode of a photovoltaic cell for several seconds. After that, the photovoltaic cell was cooled to room temperature, and then its current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics were measured. The degradation (decrease) of all the basic electrical parameters of photovoltaic cells (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, filling factor of the current-voltage characteristic, and maximum power) has been established. The additive nature of the changes and the average relative decrease of the indicated electrical parameters for one breakdown cycle are determined. Comparison of the response time range of the PolySwitch fuses with the breakdown durations of photovoltaic cells is performed. The conclusion is drawn about the prospect of using such resettable fuses as protection in emergency situations that are associated with current overloads in solar arrays.

scholarly journals Effect of Measurement Factors on Photovoltaic Cell Parameters Extracting

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hadi Chahid ◽  
Mohammed Idali Oumhand ◽  
M’barek Feddaoui ◽  
Mohammed Erritali ◽  
Abdessamad Malaoui
Keyword(s):  
Series Resistance ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Saturation Current ◽  
Shunt Resistance ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Measurement Results

In this paper, we study the influence of external factors on the measurement for the current–voltage (I-V) characteristic of the photovoltaic cell. These factors are the size of the number of measurements, the range of the cell generated voltage and the influence of measures step and mode combination of photovoltaic cells (parallel, serial, or hybrid). The main extracted parameters solar cell are the photocurrent Iph, the reverse diode saturation current I0, the ideality factor of diode n, the series resistance Rs and the shunt resistance Rsh. A method for finding these parameters, according to the single-diode model, was developed by Newton-Raphson’s method using Matlab. To assess the accuracy of this method, measured and calculated I–V characteristics were compared with provided data by the manufacturer at standard test condition (STC). The measurement results showed that these parameters are highly dependent on these four factors.

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