Pigments of Fungi. XXI. Synthesis of (±)-6-Demethoxyaustrocortirubin

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Burns ◽  
M Gill ◽  
S Saubern
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Benzylic Hydroxylation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

6-Demethoxyaustrocortirubin (6) is synthesized via the epoxide (21) which is available in 73% yield over four steps from naphthazarin (10). Hydrolysis of the epoxide (21) yields the diol (25) which on hydrogenolysis affords 6-demethoxy-1-deoxyaustrocortirubin (7). Stereoselective benzylic hydroxylation of (7) gives (6). Cleavage of the epoxide (21) with sodium acetate in acetic acid affords a mixture of the esters (22)-(24), while methanolysis yields the isomeric ethers (29) and (30). Hydrogenolysis of (22), (23) and (29) gives high yields of (7). Potentially more direct routes to the alcohol (7) involving oxymercuration, epoxidation and bromohydrin formation from the alkene (8) are not viable.

scholarly journals Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose From Substrate and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Content—During the Fruiting Body Differentiation Stage by Sodium Acetate Addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-juan Hou ◽  
Zheng-peng Li ◽  
Chang-tian Li ◽  
Jin-sheng Lin ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Volvariella volvacea, with high commercial, nutritional and medicinal value, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The effects of supplementation on mushroom yield has been studied. We showed that the optimal application of sodium acetate (NaAc) was spray application of a 0.08% concentration during the substrate mixing stage which could increase yields by up to 89.16% and enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose from the substrate. For most enzymes tested maximum activity occurred during the fruiting body growth and development stage, which led to degradation of the substrate, increasing the available nutrients for mycelial propagation and fruiting body growth and development. Meanwhile, NaAc also significantly increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in the early fruiting body development stage of V. volvacea, It was observed that IAA promotes not only plant primordium differentiation; but also the primordium differentiation of edible fungi. Furthermore, treatments with three acetate salts had an increase of yield by 30.22% on average. The mechanisms by which NaAc application may improve the yield of V. volvacea are discussed.

Synthesis of 4-deoxydaunosamine and 4-deoxyristosamine

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 1751-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans H. Baer ◽  
Hanna R. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Amino Glycoside ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Treatment of methyl 3,6-dideoxy-2,4-di-O-methylsulfonyl-3-nitro-α-L-glucopyranoside (2) with sodium acetate and acetic acid in acetone gave methyl 4-O-acetyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-nitro-α-L-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside (3) as a kinetic product, and the 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-nitro-α-L-threo-hex-3-eno isomer 4 as the thermodynamically preferred product. Treatment of 2 or 4 with sodium borohydride produced a separable mixture of methyl 2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-3-nitro-α-L-threo-hexopyranoside (5) and its α-L-erythro epimer (6), the latter being convertible into the former by base-catalyzed epimerization. Acid hydrolysis of 5 and 6 afforded the corresponding free nitro sugars 7 and 8. Catalytic hydrogenation of 5 led to the corresponding amino glycoside, isolated as the acetate 9 or hydrochloride 10; similarly, 6 gave the epimeric amine which was isolated as its acetate 14 or picrate 15. N-Trifluoroacetylation of 9 provided the N-trifluoroacetyl glycoside 12 which was hydrolyzed to give a 49% yield (overall from 2) of 2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-3-trifluoroacetamido-L-threo-hexose (4-deoxy-N-trifluoroacetyldaunosamine, 13). Analogously, 14 afforded the epimeric N-trifluoroacetyl glycoside 17 which was hydrolyzed to give a 28% overall yield of 2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-3-trifluoroacetamido-L-erythro-hexose (4-deoxy-N-trifluoroacetylristosamine, 18).

Organic material dissolved during oxygen-alkali pulping of hot water extracted birch sawdust

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONI LEHTO ◽  
RAIMO ALÉN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Black Liquors ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Untreated and hot water-treated birch (Betula pendula) sawdust were cooked by the oxygen-alkali method under the same cooking conditions (temperature = 170°C, liquor-to-wood ratio = 5 L/kg, and 19% sodium hydroxide charge on the ovendry sawdust). The pretreatment of feedstock clearly facilitated delignification. After a cooking time of 90 min, the kappa numbers were 47.6 for the untreated birch and 10.3 for the hot water-treated birch. Additionally, the amounts of hydroxy acids in black liquors based on the pretreated sawdust were higher (19.5-22.5g/L) than those in the untreated sawdust black liquors (14.8-15.5 g/L). In contrast, in the former case, the amounts of acetic acid were lower in the pretreated sawdust (13.3-14.8 g/L vs. 16.9-19.1 g/L) because the partial hydrolysis of the acetyl groups in xylan already took place during the hot water extraction of feedstock. The sulfur-free fractions in the pretreatment hydrolysates (mainly carbohydrates and acetic acid) and in black liquors (mainly lignin and aliphatic carboxylic acids) were considered as attractive novel byproducts of chemical pulping.

Synthesis and Caracterization of some New 1H-3-aryl-7-etoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Maria-Daniela Sofei ◽  
Maria Ilici ◽  
Valentin Badea ◽  
Carol Csunderlik ◽  
Vasile-Nicolae Bercean
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Ir And Nmr Spectroscopy

The synthesis of 1H-3-aryl-7-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2) was carried out by cyclization of 1H-5-arylidenehydrazino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pyrazoles (1) in the presence of bromine using glacial acetic acid as solvent and sodium acetate as base. The new nine obtained compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Novel Synthesis of 4-Benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyl) oxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives Using 1,2,3,Tetrahydroisoquinoline and their Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-403
Author(s):  
Nalla Krishna Rao ◽  
Tentu Nageswara Rao ◽  
Botsa Parvatamma ◽  
Y. Prashanthi ◽  
Ravi Kumar Cheedarala
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Aryl Aldehydes ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Novel Synthesis ◽  
Target Molecules

Aims: A series of six 4-benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyloxazol- 5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted aryl aldehydes with 2-(2-(1-phenyl-3,4- dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-acetamido)acetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate, acetic anhydride and zinc oxide as catalysts. Background: Novel Synthesis of 4-Benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihy droisoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyl)oxazol- 5(4H)-one derivatives using 1,2,3,Tetrahydroisoquinoline and their antimicrobial activity. Objective: The title compounds can be synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. Methods: The target molecules, i.e., 4-benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-yl) methyl) oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives (8a-8f) have been synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which was prepared from benzoic acid in few steps. Results: All the six compounds were evaluated based on advanced spectral data (1H NMR, 13C NMR & LCMS), and the chemical structures of all compounds were determined by elemental analysis. Conclusion: Antibacterial activity of the derivatives was examined for the synthesized compounds and results indicate that compound with bromine substitution has a good activity profile.

EUROPIUM OXALATE ION ASSOCIATION IN WATER

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (24) ◽  
pp. 3057-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Stability Constant ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Oxalate Ion

The partitioning of radiotracer 152/151Eu between aqueous sodium oxalate (Na2L) solutions and toluene solutions of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) has been studied as a function of the oxalate concentration. The pH of the aqueous phase was controlled by means of sodium acetate – acetic acid mixtures and the ionic strength (I) by NaCl or NaClO4.At low ionic strengths (~0.05) and [L] ~10−4 M EuL+ formed, but at I = 0.95 and [L] ~10−3 M EuL2− also formed. Stability constants for the 1:1 and 1:2 (metal:ligand) complexes are reported.The magnitudes of the stepwise stability constant ratios are discussed.

The synthesis of norbornanes with functionalized carbon substituents at a bridgehead. 1-(3-Oxonorborn-1-yl)ethanone and 1-(3-oxonorborn-1-yl)-2-propanone

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yates ◽  
Magdy Kaldas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Tertiary Alcohol ◽  
Ethyl Bromoacetate ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Molar Equivalent ◽  
Acid Lactone ◽  
Basic Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Treatment of 2-norobornene-1-carboxylic acid (7) with one equivalent of methyllithium in ether followed by a second molar equivalent after dilution with tetrahydrofuran gave 1-(norborn-2-en-lyl)ethanone (10) and only a trace of the tertiary alcohol 11. Reaction of 7 with formic acid followed by hydrolysis gave a 4:3 mixture of exo-3- and exo-2-hydroxynorbornane-1-carboxylic acid (16 and 17), whereas oxymercuration–demercuration gave only the exo-3-hydroxy isomer 16. Oxidation of 16 and 17 gave 3- and 2-oxonorbornane-1-carboxylic acid (27 and 29), respectively. Oxymercuration–demercuration of 10 gave exclusively 1-(exo-3-hydroxynorborn-1-yl)ethanone (30), which was also prepared by treatment of 16 with methyllithium in analogous fashion to that used for the conversion of 7 to 10. Oxidation of 30 gave 1-(3-oxonorborn-1-yl)ethanone (1). Dehydrobromination of exo-2-bromonorbornane-1-acetic acid and dehydration of 2-hydroxy-norbornane-2-acetic acid derivatives gave 1-(norborn-2-ylidene) acetic acid derivatives to the exclusion of norborn-2-ene-1 -acetic acid derivatives. Treatment of exo-5-acetyloxy-2-norobornanone (52) with ethyl bromoacetate and zinc gave ethyl exo-5-acetyloxy-2-hydroxynorbornane-(exo- and endo-2-acetate (53 and 54). Reaction of 53 with hydrogen bromide gave initially ethyl endo-3-acetyloxy-exo-6-bromonorbornane-1-acetate (59), which was subsequently converted to a mixture of 59 and its exo-3-acetyloxy epimer 61. Catalytic hydrogenation of this mixture gave a mixture of ethyl endo- and exo-3-acetyloxynorbornane-1 -acetate (62 and 63). Basic hydrolysis of this gave a mixture of the corresponding hydroxy acids, 70 and 71; the former was slowly converted to the latter at pH 5. Oxidation of the mixture of 70 and 71 gave 3-oxonorbornane-1-acetic acid (72). Treatment of the mixture with methyllithium as for 16 gave a mixture of 1-(endo- and exo-3-hydroxynorborn-1-yl)-2-propanone (73 and 74), which was oxidized to 1-(3-oxo-norborn-1-yl)-2-propanone (2). Reaction of exo-2-hydroxynorbornane-1-acetic acid lactone (75) with methyllithium in ether gave (1-(exo-2-hydroxynorborn-1-yl)-2-propanone (76), which on oxidation gave the 2-oxo isomer 78 of 2.

scholarly journals Synthesis of spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindoles] via three-component reaction of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Chao-Guo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
High Yields

A fast and convenient protocol for the synthesis of novel spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindole] derivatives in satisfactory yields was developed by the three-component reactions of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione in acetic acid at room temperature. On the other hand the condensation of isatin with two equivalents of cyclopentane-1,3-dione gave 3,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl)oxindole in high yields. The reaction mechanism and substrate scope of this novel reaction is briefly discussed.

A CONVENIENT METHOD OF OBTAINING ASCOSPORES FROM BAKERS' YEAST

1949 ◽  
Vol 27c (4) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Solid Nutrient Medium

The superiority of methods involving the use of sporulation media containing acetate, first introduced by Stantial and Elder, over several commonly employed methods is established. A new method for obtaining ascospores from bakers' yeast cultures is recommended involving the direct transfer of vegetative cells from a solid nutrient medium to a solid medium containing acetate. High yields of ascospores are consistently produced after seven days' incubation. This method should lend itself particularly to use in the preparation of ascospores for instructional work, and for genetic research in yeast, and may also find application in yeast taxonomy. The technique recommended is as follows: vegetative yeast cells are multiplied on tomato juice agar or on dextrose nutrient agar, and are then transferred to a solid sporulation medium containing 0.04% dextrose, 0.14% anhydrous sodium acetate, and 2% agar.

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