Vapour pressure and ideality of the equimolar mixture of H2O and D2O

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Jancso ◽  
G Jakli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Equimolar Mixture ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Ideal

The pressure differences between H2O and the equimolar H2O-D2O mixture were measured between 5 and 90°C and the experimental data can be represented by the equation ����������������� In(pH2O/pmix) = 0.076624-88.161/T+25972/T2 where T is the absolute temperature. For comparison the vapour-pressure differences between pure H2O and D2O were also determined. The results show that the H2O-HDO-D2O liquid mixture does not deviate from the ideal behaviour within the limits of the experimental data. The present investigation supports the earlier conclusion that the law of the geometric mean for the vapour-pressure isotope effect in the series H2O, HDO and D2O is not obeyed.

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MOLTEN OXIDES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Arkel ◽  
E. A. Flood ◽  
Norman F. H. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Molten State ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Molten Oxides

Electrical conductivities of some molten oxides have been determined. In order of decreasing equivalent conductances at their melting points the oxides investigated were: Li2O, PbO, TeO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, V2O5, Sb2O3, and CrO3. The variation of the observed values of the specific conductivities, K, with the absolute temperature, T, can be described by an equation of the form,[Formula: see text]where A, B, C, etc. are constants. While the experimental data are adequately described by an equation of this form containing only the constants A and B, a slightly better fit is obtained using three constants. The conductivities of the molten oxides follow a pattern of variation from element to element which is substantially the same as that of the molten halides. For elements giving more than one oxide stable in the molten state, the oxide corresponding to the highest state of valency has the lowest conductivity.

Partial Carbonization of Aromatic Polyimide Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doyama ◽  
A. Ichida ◽  
Y. Inoue ◽  
Y. Kogure ◽  
T. Nozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hall Coefficient ◽  
Carrier Density ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Aromatic Polyimide ◽  
The Absolute

ABSTRACTAromatic polyimide films are partially carbonized between 700°C and 1000°C. Electrical conductivity and Hall coeficient have been measured. Electrical conductivity is higher at higher measuring temperatures. The electrical conductivity σ can be expressed as σ= σ0exp (–E /kT), where k is the Boltzman constant. T is the absolute temperature. E depends upon the carborized temperature. The experimental data show the Hall coefficient RH is negative, and this implies the carriers are negatively charged, i.e. electrons. The specimens are n-type semiconductors. The carrier density η can be expressed by η= A1 exp (–E1/κT) and carrier mobility μ can be expressed by μ = A1exp ( E2/κT). E, E1andE2 depend upon the carbonized temperature

scholarly journals The structure of thin films. Part VIII.―Expanded films

1926 ◽  
Vol 112 (761) ◽  
pp. 362-375 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Condensed Film ◽  
Pressure Region ◽  
The Absolute

The present paper descrihes a closer investigation than has hitherto heen possible of the "expanded" state of surface films and of the relation of the films in this state to the condensed films on tire one hand, and the gaseous on the other. The expanded films were first reported by Labrouste (1) and examined more closely by one of us (2, Parts III to VI). They are formed from the close-packed condensed films by rise of temperature, the change being complete in a few degrees at constant pressure, and being of much the same nature, whatever the substance. It has been established in previous papers that the temperature of the expansion is raised regularly by an increase in the length of the chain of the molecule, the amount of this rise being practically the same in all homologous series where there is only one chain in the molecule; the absolute temperature of expansion depends, however, on many factors, not yet understood, dividends the expansion is a partial overcoming of the cohesion between the molecules in the condensed film. In the expanded films, however, there is still much cohesion. In hart VII we have shown that some of the expanded films possess, at low surface pressures, a definite vapour pressure of a few tenths of a dyne per cm., this region ending in a state of the dims which is analogous to a gas in turn dimensions. In the gaseous film, there is very little cohesion between the molecules. When there is a definite surface vapour pressure between the expanded film and the gaseous, we must clearly regard the expanded film as " liquid." We propose to call the expanded films which end in this vapour pressure region " liquid expanded films."

scholarly journals Creation of Technical Conditions for Use or Infringement – The Meanders of the Warehouse Keeper’s Liability in Light of CJEU Judgment C-567/18 Coty Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szczepanowska-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trademark Use

AbstractOne form of industrial property right infringement is stocking for the purpose of offering or marketing. This form of infringement appears both in EU legal acts on trademarks or designs, as well as in national regulations, including those concerning patents. What is specific to stocking when compared to other activities comprising the stipulated exclusivity of the holder of industrial property rights is the fact that the literal meaning of “stocking” does not explain whether the infringing party or the warehouse keeper is the entity that places the goods in storage. The structure of industrial property rights as absolute rights would theoretically permit the view that the law is violated by both the entity that accepts the goods for storage and the entity that places such goods in storage. To determine if there is an infringement, it must be established what the goods being stocked are further intended for. It is not without significance that the finding of an infringement of industrial property rights does not depend on fault or awareness. From the point of view of the industrial property law regime, it is difficult to find arguments against this understanding of infringement by stocking. Since the offeror of goods infringing industrial property rights may be held liable even if the goods have not yet been manufactured, it is conceivable that the entity accepting such goods for stocking is also liable. This interpretation of the concept of stocking would certainly correspond to the absolute nature of liability for infringement.In a recent judgment the CJEU confirmed that the warehouse keeper who, on behalf of a third party, stores goods which infringe trademark rights only creates the technical conditions for trademark use by this third party provided that the warehouse keeper is not aware of that infringement. The CJEU also confirmed that only the person who decides about the purpose of storing the goods can be treated as an infringer. However, the CJEU did not respond to the question regarding whether the warehouse keeper could be treated as an infringer if it pursues the aims of storing the goods at the request of the entity that put the goods into storage.

Theoretical determination of the structures of CaSiO3 perovskites

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan Caracas ◽  
Renata M. Wentzcovitch
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Theoretical Determination ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Atomic Coordinates ◽  
The Ideal

Density functional theory is used to determine the possible crystal structure of the CaSiO3 perovskites and their evolution under pressure. The ideal cubic perovskite is considered as a starting point for studying several possible lower-symmetry distorted structures. The theoretical lattice parameters and the atomic coordinates for all the structures are determined, and the results are discussed with respect to experimental data.

The specific heats of three paramagnetic salts at very low temperatures

1956 ◽  
Vol 237 (1210) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Ammonium Alum ◽  
Relaxation Measurements ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Measured Specific Heat

The specific heats of three paramagnetic salts, neodymium magnesium nitrate, manganous ammonium sulphate and ferric ammonium alum, have been measured at temperatures below 1°K using the method of γ -ray heating. The temperature measurements were made in the first instance in terms of the magnetic susceptibilities of the salts, the relation of the susceptibility to the absolute temperature having been determined for each salt in earlier experiments. The γ -ray heatings gave the specific heat in arbitrary units. The absolute values of the specific heats were found by extrapolating the results of paramagnetic relaxation measurements at higher temperatures. The measured specific heat of neodymium magnesium nitrate is compared with the value calculated from paramagnetic resonance data, and good agreement is found.

Under and beyond the Law: Monarchy, Violence, and History in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-336
Author(s):  
Tyrell Haberkorn
Keyword(s):  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law

Since the end of the absolute monarchy in Thailand on June 24, 1932, the rulers and the ruled have been locked into struggle, often violent, over what form the polity and the people’s participation in it should take. This essay examines this struggle, the imagination of justice, and the inability to consolidate democracy, or even a stable government, through the lens of the monarchy, which has remained beyond accountability. Violence committed to preserve the monarchy forecloses democracy and fosters a form of what can be called modern absolutist monarchy, when some lives are visibly placed beyond the law’s protection from violence and others are made dispensable by being made subject to repressive enforcement of the law. The emergence in 2020 of a daring challenge to the position of the monarchy beyond the law refracts both the dangers it poses to democracy and the urgency of imagining a new Thai polity.

Pola Penyelesaian Sengketa Waralaba Produk Teh Poci Di Ponorogo

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Haris Djayadi
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Complaint Handling ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of this study is first to find out the pattern of dispute resolution in the franchise practice of Teh Poci, the second is to describe what the ideal pattern should be. In accordance with the characteristics of the existing problems, the most relevant form of approach to analyzing the above problems is empirical legal research. This research sees law as a reality in society, meaning how the law is practiced. The settlement of default on the agreement in the Tea Poci product franchise business in Ponorogo is the cancellation of the contract as a result of default and is settled on the principle of peace, namely by consulting and negotiation techniques. Ideally, under such a mechanism the franchisor should develop an internal procedure for handling complaints. However, this procedure is not stipulated in the franchise agreement and meets certain minimum standards. This standard should provide a procedure for resolving disputes. If a dispute arises, either party can initiate a complaint handling procedure under the Code of Conduct, or under a franchise agreement.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama untuk mengetahui pola penyelesaian sengketa dalam praktek waralaba Teh Poci, kedua untuk mendeskripsikan pola yang ideal yang seharusnya. Sesuai dengan karakteristik permasalahan yang ada, bentuk pendekatan yang paling relevan untuk menganalisis permasalahan di atas adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Penelitian ini melihat hukum sebagai realitas dalam masyarakat, artinya bagaimana hukum itu dipraktikkan. Penyelesaian wanprestasi atas kesepakatan dalam usaha waralaba produk Teh Poci di Ponorogo adalah batalnya akad akibat wanprestasi dan diselesaikan dengan prinsip damai yaitu dengan teknik konsultasi dan negosiasi. Idealnya, di bawah mekanisme seperti itu pemilik waralaba harus mengembangkan prosedur internal untuk menangani keluhan. Namun, prosedur ini tidak diatur dalam perjanjian waralaba dan memenuhi standar minimum tertentu. Standar ini harus menyediakan prosedur untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan. Jika timbul perselisihan, salah satu pihak dapat memulai prosedur penanganan keluhan berdasarkan Kode Etik, atau berdasarkan perjanjian waralaba.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document