Solvent structure. II. A study of the structure-making and structure-breaking effects of dissolved species in water by internal pressure measurements

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
MRJ Dack
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Thermal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
Dissolved Species ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Structure Breaking

Internal pressures, (∂U/∂V)T, have been obtained at 25�C for solutions of 25 solutes in water by measurement of the thermal pressure coefficients. Values at 1.00 M solute concentration were plotted against the molar volume of the solutes. Those solutes (electrolytes) which appear above a line joining five solutes acting as 'non-interacting' homomorphs were judged to be structure breakers in water; those solutes (lithium salts, tetraalkylammonium salts, non-electrolytes) appearing below the line were termed structure makers. These observations are in agreement with current knowledge, and they substantiate the present interpretation of the physical significance of internal pressures.

Internal pressures and thermal pressure coefficients for solid polymers

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Po Seo ◽  
Boo Young Shin ◽  
Do Hung Han ◽  
Bongkee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
Solid Polymers ◽  
Internal Pressures

Thermal pressure coefficients of n-decane from 300 to 378 K

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A McLure ◽  
Alistair J Pretty
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficients

The thermal pressure coefficients and heat capacities of simple liquid metals

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Harder ◽  
M Silbert ◽  
I Yokoyama ◽  
W H Young
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Thermal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficients

scholarly journals Drying of virus-containing aerosol particles: Modelling effects of droplet origin and composition.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Drying Behaviour ◽  
Virus Survival

Virus-containing aerosol droplets emitted by breathing, speech or coughing dry rapidly to equilibrium with ambient relative humidity (RH), increasing in solute concentration with effects on virus survival and decreasing in diameter with effects on sedimentation and respiratory uptake. In simulations starting from drying data on mixed NaCl/KCl aerosols, the supersaturated salt concentrations were shown to reach 20-25M at the efflorescence RH of 40-55%, depending on the K:Na ratio. These salt concentrations may inactivate some viruses. The dependence on K:Na ratio implies that the evaporation curves differ between aerosols derived from saliva and from airway surfaces. Differences in drying behaviour are consequently predicted between breathing, speech and coughing emissions and between droplet size fractions within these. The direct effect of liquid droplet size through the Kelvin term was shown to be smaller and restricted to breath emissions. Comparative simulations starting from osmotic pressure measurements on airway surface liquid showed that salts are the primary determinants of drying equilibria down to the efflorescence RH, and macromolecules at lower RH.

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