Liquid junction potentials in electrochemical cells involving a dissimilar solvent junction

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Diggle ◽  
AJ Parker
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Liquid Junction Potential ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Liquid Junction Potentials ◽  
Junction Potential ◽  
Solvent Solvent

The liquid junction potential at a number of dissimilar solvent junctions has been determined within the framework of the tetraphenylarsonium tetraphenylborate extrathermodynamic assumption. The junctions investigated were H2O/solvent S, MeCN/solvent S and propylene carbonate (pcar)/solvent S. The liquid junction potentials obtained have primarily been related to solvent-solvent interactions at the junction, being, for water, lowest for an alcohol /H2O junction (10 mV) and the greatest for a dipolar aprotic/H20 junction (100-200 mV).

Comparison of the free energy of transfer of electrolytes, measured with cells without transference, with the sum of the free energies of the corresponding cations and anions with the Owen-cell on standard conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Schwabe ◽  
W Hoffmann ◽  
C Queck
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Liquid Junction Potential ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Liquid Junction Potentials ◽  
Free Energy Of Transfer ◽  
Energy Of Transfer ◽  
Very High ◽  
Junction Potential

The comparison of S2ΔS1G°tr(E1) with the sum of the values for the corresponding cation and anion S2ΔS1G°tr(Ct+)~S2ΔS1G°tr(X-) (measured) with Owen cells, gained by double extrapolation and by the assumption that the liquid junction potential at 1→0 may be neglected) gives values which differ by not more than ±5%. Most of the investigated acids allow the conclusion that the pH values, measured in cells with transference, and having the same electrodes, give good information on the acidity of the organic solvent and its water mixtures, referred to the standard state in water. That means that the pH, changed to the same H+ concentration in the solvent compared with that in water, is essentially an effect of the free energy of transfer of the hydrogen ion and not of very high liquid junction potentials.

Liquid-junction potentials in ethylenediamine: Attempted calculations and evaluations using concentration cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 2962-2965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj P. Makhija
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Liquid Junction Potential ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Sodium Amalgam ◽  
Liquid Junction Potentials ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Concentration Cells ◽  
Junction Potential

Concentration cells of the type M(Hg)|MX(1)||MX(2)|M(Hg), where M(Hg) is potassium amalgam or sodium amalgam, were investigated with three electrolytes, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, and sodium iodide. An attempt was made to determine the necessity and magnitude of liquid-junction potential corrections. Only in the case of sodium iodide are the ionic mobilities of cation and anion quite different in ethylenediamine, and liquid-junction potential corrections are necessary to obtain agreement between observed and calculated data. The limiting equations of Nernst and of Lewis and Sargent were found to be appropriate for calculating liquid-junction potentials in ethylenediamine, provided that calculated activities were used in these equations.

scholarly journals Electrodiffusion Phenomena in Neuroscience and the Nernst–Planck–Poisson Equations

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
Jerzy J. Jasielec
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Liquid Junction Potential ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Poisson Equations ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Electrochemical Transport ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Junction Potential

This work is aimed to give an electrochemical insight into the ionic transport phenomena in the cellular environment of organized brain tissue. The Nernst–Planck–Poisson (NPP) model is presented, and its applications in the description of electrodiffusion phenomena relevant in nanoscale neurophysiology are reviewed. These phenomena include: the signal propagation in neurons, the liquid junction potential in extracellular space, electrochemical transport in ion channels, the electrical potential distortions invisible to patch-clamp technique, and calcium transport through mitochondrial membrane. The limitations, as well as the extensions of the NPP model that allow us to overcome these limitations, are also discussed.

An Improved Equation for the Liquid Junction Potential at the Interface of Different Solvents

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Berne ◽  
C Kahanda ◽  
O Popovych
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Liquid Junction Potential ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Solvent Dependence ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Junction Potential

The component of the liquid-junction potential due to the diffusion of ions across an interface of electrolyte solutions in different solvents was formulated by taking into account the solvent dependence of the transport numbers, t, and of the chemical potentials of ions in the interphase region as determined from experimental data on their variation in the mixed-solvent compositions. The new equation was applied to NaCl/NaCl and HCl/HCl junctions between water and methanol-water solvents over the entire solvent range. Significant differences between the results obtained with the new equation and the old formulation, which treated the transport numbers as solvent-independent, were observed only for the HCl junctions involving 90-100 wt % aqueous methanol, where tH exhibits a sharp minimum as a function of the solvent composition.

Ion-selective electrodes for sodium and potassium: a new problem of what is measured and what should be reported.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Maas ◽  
O Siggaard-Andersen ◽  
H F Weisberg ◽  
W G Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Liquid Junction Potential ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Junction Potential

Abstract For clinical purposes the activities of Na+ and K+ obtained with ion-selective electrodes in undiluted whole blood or serum should be multiplied by an appropriate factor to obtain the same values as the substance concentrations obtained by flame photometry. The factor is primarily dependent on the mass concentration of water in normal plasma divided by the molal activity coefficient of Na+ (or K+) of normal plasma. We discuss the value of the molal activity coefficient of Na+ obtained by theoretical calculations and by direct measurement. The discrepancies between theory and measurement (gamma Na+ of 0.747 and 0.73, respectively) may be due to some binding of Na+ (protein binding or ion pair formation), a small and variable residual liquid-junction potential, or certainty about the appropriate value for the ionic strength of normal plasma (0.16 mol/kg or somewhat higher).

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