Search for surface structural effects in electrocatalysis. I. Smooth platinum electrodes

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Biegler
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Crystalline Surface ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Platinum electrodes were pretreated in various ways with the aim of producing surfaces of different structure. The adsorptive properties were studied using linear sweep voltammetry, and the activity for the anodic oxidation of methanol was determined using a multi-pulse potential program. Although chemical etching and different kinds of heat treatment altered the hydrogen adsorptive properties of platinum, the specific activity for methanol oxidation was not significantly affected. A relationship between the shapes of anodic voltammograms in the hydrogen region and at the start of the oxide region was noted and used in deducing the nature of the adsorbed oxygen-containing species and its involvement in the methanol oxidation reaction. Electro- chemical activation of cold-worked electrodes was attributed to the removal, by anodic dissolution, of a structurally disturbed layer of surface platinum atoms of lower activity than a crystalline surface. The activity of platinum for methanol oxidation was concluded to be a property of a well-ordered crystalline surface, independent of orientation.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites of NiO/CuO Based MOF with rGO: An Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction in DMFC

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Noor ◽  
Sadaf Pervaiz ◽  
Naseem Iqbal ◽  
Habib Nasir ◽  
Neelam Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Metal Organic

In this work a novel bimetallic nickel oxide/copper oxide metal–organic framework (NiO/CuO MOF) has been developed by using two linkers: Benzene Dicarboxylic acid (BDC) and Pyrazine. The composites of NiO/CuO MOF with different amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently characterized by multiple significant techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR and Raman IR for an investigation of their structural and morphological properties. The prepared series of material was later employed for electrochemical oxidation of methanol, tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in basic medium on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical response depicts that increasing concentration of rGO enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The catalyzed oxidation reaction of methanol by NiO/CuO MOF and rGO-NiO/CuO MOF composites give a superlative current density of 437. 28 mA/cm2 at 0.9 V potential at 50 mV/s scan rate. This activity makes it a promising catalytic material for electrolysis of methanol in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

Search for surface structural effects in electrocatalysis. II. Platinized platinum electrodes

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Biegler
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Reversible Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Structural Effects ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Platinized Platinum ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

The adsorptive properties of platinized electrodes, as indicated by cyclic voltammetry, depended on the potential of platinum electrodeposition. Electrodes deposited above 0.05 V v. reversible hydrogen electrode were similar to smooth platinum, while those deposited at negative potentials showed anomalous behaviour, particularly with regard to hydrogen sorption. Measurements with such electrodes over a range of sweep rates showed slow sorption of about two hydrogen atoms in excess of the usual fast adsorption of one hydrogen atom per surface platinum atom. Freshly electrodeposited platinum had a specific activity for methanol oxidation of one-quarter to one-half that of smooth platinum. The lower activity was attributed to the effects of disordered surface structure and/or small particle size. Anodic-cathodic cycling produced surface recrystallization and activities close to that for smooth platinum.

Optimization of Mesh-Based Anodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuram Chetty ◽  
Keith Scott ◽  
Shankhamala Kundu ◽  
Martin Muhler
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Direct Methanol

Platinum based binary and ternary catalysts were prepared by thermal decomposition onto a titanium mesh and were evaluated for the anodic oxidation of methanol. The binary Pt:Ru catalyst with a composition of 1:1 gave the highest performance for methanol oxidation at 80°C. The effect of temperature and time for thermal decomposition was optimized with respect to methanol oxidation, and the catalysts were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The best catalyst was evaluated in a single fuel cell, and the effect of methanol concentration, temperature, and oxygen/air flow was studied. The mesh-based fuel cell, operating at 80°C with 1 mol dm3 methanol, gave maximum power densities of 38 mW cm−2 and 22 mW cm−2 with 1 bar (gauge) oxygen and air, respectively.

scholarly journals Methanol oxidation at platinum electrodes in acid solution: Comparison between model and real catalysts

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Tripkovic ◽  
S.LJ. Gojkovic ◽  
K.Dj. Popovic ◽  
J.D. Lovic
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Hydroxyl Anion ◽  
Platinum Single Crystals ◽  
Supported Pt Catalyst

Methanol oxidation in acid solution was studied at platinum single crystals, Pt(hkl), as the model catalyst, and at nanostructural platinum supported on high surface area carbon, Pt/C, as the real catalyst. The linear extrapolation method was used to determine the beginning of hydroxyl anion adsorption. Structural sensitivity of the adsorption was proved and a correlation with the onset of the methanol oxidation current was established at all catalysts. Bisulfate and chloride anions were found to decrease the methanol oxidation rate, but probably did not influence the reaction parth. The specific activity for the reaction increased in the sequence Pt(110) <Pt/C < Pt(111), suggesting that the activity of the supported Pt catalyst can be correlated with the activities of the dominating crystal planes on its surface. .

scholarly journals Electrocatalytic study of NiO-MOF with activated carbon composites for methanol oxidation reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia Hanif ◽  
Naseem Iqbal ◽  
Tayyaba Noor ◽  
Neelam Zaman ◽  
K. Vignarooban
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Peak Current Density ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Electro Oxidation

AbstractIn this work, the methanol oxidation reaction is investigated on Ni based metal organic frameworks (MOF) and its composites with biomass derived activated carbon. NiO-MOF and composites with activated carbon were synthesized using hydrothermal method. SEM, EDX, and XRD, FTIR, TGA techniques were used for characterization of composites. The electrochemical activity of catalysts for oxidation of methanol was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M KOH and 3 M CH3OH on glassy carbon electrode in three electrode setup. The electrochemical performance shows the effect of activated carbon concentration on methanol oxidation. The electro-oxidation catalyzed by NiO-MOF with activated carbon (40 mg) composite exhibits a peak current density of 182.72 mA/cm2 at 0.89 V potential with a scan rate of 50 mV/s making it a potential catalyst for electrocatalysis of methanol.

Nanomaterials-Based PEM Electrodes by Combining Chemical and Physical Depositions

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giorgi ◽  
L. Giorgi ◽  
S. Gagliardi ◽  
E. Salernitano ◽  
M. Alvisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Carbon Based

The real market penetration of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is hindered by the high cost of this technology mainly due to the expensive platinum catalyst. Two approaches are followed to reduce the cost: one way is to increase the Pt utilization efficiency reducing at the same time the total load and the other way is to increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst/support assembly. In this work, the increase of utilization efficiency is addressed by optimizing the catalyst distribution on the uppermost layer of the electrode via electrodeposition and sputter deposition, while the improvement of the catalyst activity is pursued by nanostructuring the catalysts and the carbon-based supports. A very low Pt loading (0.006 mg cm−2) was obtained by sputter deposition on electrodes that exhibited a mass specific activity for methanol oxidation reaction better than a commercial product. Carbon nanofibers used as catalyst support of electrodeposited platinum nanoparticles resulted in improved mass specific activity and long term stability compared to conventional carbon-based supports. Finally, PtAu alloys developed by sputter deposition were found more efficient than commercial PtRu catalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction. In conclusion, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrode based on nanomaterials, developed by combining physical and chemical deposition processes, showed outstanding electrochemical performance.

Highly-selective synthesis of trimetallic PtRuCu nanoframes as robust catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1985-1992
Author(s):  
Hai-Jing Yin ◽  
Zhi-Ping Zhang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Kun Yuan ◽  
Ya-Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Selective Synthesis ◽  
Mass Activity

PtRuCu NFs/C exhibited much higher mass activity and specific activity than commercial Pt/C and PtRuCu NPs/C towards the MOR due to the frame nanostructures and the synergistic effect of the trimetallics.

A graphitic carbon nitride–titania nanocomposite as a promising catalyst support for electro-oxidation of methanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 3273-3279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuvatta Nubla ◽  
Thulasi Radhakrishnan ◽  
N. Sandhyarani
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Electro Oxidation

A graphitic carbon nitride–titania nanocomposite has been synthesized as a catalyst support for Pt which enhanced the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction.

Carbon-supported Pt5P2 nanoparticles used as a high-performance electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 10433-10438
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Yan Fang ◽  
Genlei Zhang ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Zhenzhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Mass Activity

The Pt5P2/C catalyst achieves a factor of 11.0 and 9.1 enhancement in mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) for MOR relative to Pt/C, respectively, while a factor of 9.1 and 7.9 enhancement in MA and SA relative to PtRu/C-JM.

scholarly journals Surfactant-Free Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Perovskite Titania-Based Micron-Scale Motifs Used as Catalytic Supports for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Hurley ◽  
Luyao Li ◽  
Christopher Koenigsmann ◽  
Stanislaus S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
Catalytic Supports ◽  
A Site

We synthesized and subsequently rationalized the formation of a series of 3D hierarchical metal oxide spherical motifs. Specifically, we varied the chemical composition within a family of ATiO3 (wherein “A” = Ca, Sr, and Ba) perovskites, using a two-step, surfactant-free synthesis procedure to generate structures with average diameters of ~3 microns. In terms of demonstrating the practicality of these perovskite materials, we have explored their use as supports for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as a function of their size, morphology, and chemical composition. The MOR activity of our target systems was found to increase with decreasing ionic radius of the “A” site cation, in order of Pt/CaTiO3 (CTO) > Pt/SrTiO3 (STO) > Pt/BaTiO3 (BTO). With respect to morphology, we observed an MOR enhancement of our 3D spherical motifs, as compared with either ultra-small or cubic control samples. Moreover, the Pt/CTO sample yielded not only improved mass and specific activity values but also a greater stability and durability, as compared with both commercial TiO2 nanoparticle standards and precursor TiO2 templates.

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