Glass transition temperatures, density and conductivity data, and far-infrared spectra of fused zinc chloride + β-aminoethanol hydrochloride mixtures

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
AJ Easteal ◽  
CB Kelly

Densities and conductivities of fused ZnCl2 + β-aminoethanol hydrochloride mixtures containing up to c. 72 mole % ZnCl2 are reported for the temperature range from 293 K (approximately) to 393 K. Molar volume isotherms are almost linear throughout the composition range, while thermal expansivity isotherms have minima in the vicinity of 8 mole % ZnCl2 and maxima at about 25 mole % ZnCl2. ��� Mixtures are glass-forming from c. 11 mole % ZnCl2 to at least 72.5 mole % ZnCl2. The glass transition temperature is almost invariant from 11 to 25 mole % ZnCl2, and increases linearly from 30 mole % ZnCl2. ��� Infrared spectra (500-200cm-1) of liquid samples supercooled to room temperature, are reported for mixtures containing 20,26, 33, 63, and 77 mole % ZnCl2.

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105
Author(s):  
Rainer Wernicke ◽  
Hans-Herbert Schmidtke ◽  
Patrick E. Hoggard

Abstract Luminescence spectra at 85 K have been recorded for a series of chromium (III) complexes with alkyliminodiacetates (RIDA) of the form K[Cr(RIDA)2], R=M(methyl), E(ethyl), n-P(n-propyl), i-P(isopropyl), n-B-(n-butyl), and t-B (t-butyl). Infrared and far infrared spectra of room temperature samples were also recorded. All of the RIDA complexes exhibited the vibronic spectrum, with a remarkable shift of the intensity maximum away from the zero phonon line, which is characteristic of trans geometry in these complexes pointing to a 2E (tetragonal symmetry label) luminescent state. A comparison of vibronic intervals with IR data suggests several bands which may be indicative of iminodiacetate coordination.


1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Bosomworth ◽  
H. P. Gush

The induced spectra of compressed helium–argon and neon–argon mixtures, and of compressed hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen have been measured in the frequency region 20 to 400 cm−1. The far-infrared spectra consist of a translational branch and a rotational branch which overlap, except in the rare-gas mixtures where only the translational component exists. The latter is a broad band which extends from zero frequency to about 500 cm−1, with a maximum near 150 cm−1 in the room-temperature gas. In the case of hydrogen the translational branch is readily distinguished from the rotational branch because it lies at a lower frequency than the latter. In the case of oxygen and nitrogen the spacing between the rotational lines is small and the translational and rotational branches overlap completely.


1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Frances M. M. Hannaway ◽  
Peter C. Junk ◽  
Aaron M. Lee ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
...  

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray determinations are recorded for a number of adducts of BiX3/N,N′-bidentate 1 : 2 stoichiometry (N,N′-bidentate = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)). BiX3/bpy (1 : 2), X = Br, I, are isomorphous, monoclinic, P21/c, a ≈ 7·5, b ≈ 31, c ≈ 10·3 Å, β ≈ 113°, Z = 4; conventional R on |F| were 0·058, 0·055 for No 1744, 2068 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. BiCl3/phen (1 : 2) is monoclinic, P21/C, a 9·675(3), b 31·845(7), c 7·756(2) Å, β 109·94(2), Z = 4, R 0·071 for No 2537, while BiBr3/phen (1 : 2), also monoclinic, P21/c, has a 17·590(5), b 8·812(2), c 17·537(7) Å, β 117·58(3)°, Z = 4; R 0·083 for No 890. BiX3/phen (1 : 2).S, X/S = Br/MeCN, I/CH2Cl2, are isomorphous, orthorhombic, Pna21, a ≈ 20·7, b ≈ 14·2, c ≈ 8·9 Å, Z = 4, R 0·060, 0·046 for No 1553, 2423 respectively. All complexes are mononuclear with seven-coordinate (N2)2BiX3 bismuth environments. Bands in the far-infrared spectra due to the v(BiX) vibrations in [(phen)2BiCl3] and [(bpy)2BiX3] (X = Br, I) are assigned and discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Effendy ◽  
John D. Kildea ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Allan H. White

The syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of binuclear 1 : 2 adducts formed between silver(I) (pseudo-)halides, AgX, and triphenylarsine, AsPh3, for X = Cl, Br, I, SCN (1)–(4), are described. The chloride (1), obtained from 2-methylpyridine, is triclinic, P-1, a 10·410(2), b 12·716(2), c 14·196(6) Å, α 113·38(2), β 109·41(2), γ 75·08(1)°, Z = 1 (dimer); conventional R on F was 0·037 for No 3979 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. The bromide (2a), obtained from 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and iodide (3), obtained from a mixture of AgI/saturated KI in MeOH solutions, are isomorphous, monoclinic, P 21/c a≈ 24·2, b ≈ 13·9, c ≈ 20·2 Å, β ≈ 109·5°, Z = 4 dimers; R was 0·046 and 0·044 for No 5670 and 6039 respectively. The thiocyanate (4) has a similar cell, a 24·12(1), b 12·558(8), c 23·244(4) Å, β 110·11(3)°, Z = 4 dimers, R being 0·044 for No 7956; one of the thiocyanate ligands (which bridge in Ag-SCN-Ag mode) is disordered. A second polymorph of the bromide (2b) (from a mixture of AgBr/saturated KBr in H2O) is also monoclinic, P 21/c, a 14·121(8), b 25·577(3), c 21·968(2) Å, β 125·54(3)°, Z = 4 dimers (R was 0·047 for No 5715). Ag–As range between 2·568(1) and 2·633(1) Å throughout the series; in the isomorphous bromide and iodide, values increase slightly: 2·578(1)–2·611(1), cf. 2·601(2)-2·633(1) Å respectively. Ag–X are 2·568(2)-2·670(2) (Cl); 2·688(2)–2·715(2) (Br); 2·828(2)–2·856(1) Å (I); Ag-S, N for the ordered SCN group are 2·646(3), 2·255(6) Å. A redetermination of improved precision (R 0·035, No 6030) is reported for the triphenylphosphine/thiocyanate analogue. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3As)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag (AsPh3)2] show v(AgX) bands at 185, 145 (X = Cl), 145, 130, 106 (X = Br) and 121 cm-1 (X = I). The splittings and band widths reflect a decrease in the degree of distortion of the Ag(µ-X)2Ag units from a symmetrically bridged structure from X = Cl to I.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Allan H. White

The syntheses of adducts, [(Ph3Sb)3CuX], X = Br, I, NO3, obtained by crystallization of 1 : 3 CuX/SbPh3 mixtures from appropriate solvents are described, together with their room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The bromide, obtained as a chloroform monosolvate from that solvent, is triclinic, P-1, a 13·861(4), b 14·306(4), c 14·347(4) Å, α 84·40(2), β 86·93(2), γ 75·56(2)°, Z = 2 f.u., conventional R on F being 0·053 for No = 4136 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections; this solvate is isomorphous with its previously recorded chloride counterpart. The iodide is triclinic, P-1, a 14·55(1), b 14·385(2), c 23·626(6) Å, α 91·78(1), β 90·77(4), γ 92·54(5)°; Z= 4, R 0·050 for No 6917, and isomorphous with its phosphorus counterpart. The nitrate, although a methanol sesquisolvate, is also isomorphous with the chloride and bromide, a 13·369(9), b 14·398(3), c 14· 504(12) Å, α 82·29(5), β 84·39(6), γ 75·11(4)°, R 0·052 for No 5672. Cu-X are (2·235(5) (Cl)), 2·366(3) (Br), 2· 556(2) ( 2 ) (I), 1·98(1) Å (ONO2), appreciably shorter than in their previously recorded EPh3, E = P, As counterparts. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3Sb)3CuX] showed no clear v(CuX) bands, in contrast to the situation reported previously for the corresponding Ph3P and Ph3As compounds. It is likely that v(CuCl) is masked by a strong band at 270 cm-1 due to the Ph3Sb ligand. However, the region below 250 cm-1 in which the v(CuX) bands are expected for the X = Br, I complexes contains no strong ligand bands. Possible reasons for the absence of v(CuX) bands in these complexes are considered.


1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Frances M. M. Hannaway ◽  
Peter C. Junk ◽  
Aaron M. Lee ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
...  

Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies are recorded for a number of adducts of BiX3 and N,N′-bidentate ligand (2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)), devoid of coordinated solvent. BiBr3/bpy/MeCN (1 : 1 : 1) is triclinic P-1, a 12·129(2), b 9·955(4), c 7·748(1) Å, α 73·14(2), β 77·34(1), γ 69·79(2)°, Z = 2; conventional R on |F| was 0·036 for No 2252 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. The phen analogue is isomorphous, a 11·586(3), b 10·839(6), c 7·769(10) Å, α 73·70(7), β 76·67(7), γ 70·34(4)°, Z = 2, R 0·042 for No 800. BiI3/bpy (1 : 1) is triclinic, P-1, a 11·742(4), b 9·261(1), c 8·261(3) Å, α 86·46(2), β 71·48(3), γ 67·25(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·043 for No 1164. All complexes are centrosymmetric binuclear [(N,N′-bidentate)X2Bi(µ-X)2BiX2(N,N′-bidentate)] with six-coordinate pseudo-octahedral bismuth(III). Attempts to produce a chloride analogue have resulted, in the case of N,N′-bidentate = bpy, in a novel adduct of BiCl3/bpy 1 : 1·5 stoichiometry, monoclinic, P21/c, a 9·377(8), b 17·699(5), c 21·58(1) Å, β 107·82(6)°, Z = 8, R 0·055 for No 1804. The complex is [(bpy)2Cl2Bi(µ-Cl)BiCl3(bpy)], containing seven- and six-coordinate bismuth. Bands in the far-infrared spectra due to the v(BiX) vibrations in [(bpy)2Cl2Bi(µ-Cl)BiCl3(bpy)] and [(bpy)I2Bi(µ-I2)BiI2(bpy)] are assigned and discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Effendy ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Allan H. White

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of binuclear 1 : 2 adducts formed between silver(I) halides, AgX (X = Cl, Br, I), and triphenylstibine, SbPh3, are described. The three complexes are isomorphous, being triclinic, P-1, a ≈ 18·5, b ≈ 14·6, c ≈ 14·5 Å, α ≈ 62·5, β ≈ 74, γ ≈ 77°, Z = 2 centrosymmetric dimers. Conventional R on F were 0·043, 0·038 and 0·046 for 4984, 8479 and 4166 independent, ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections respectively. In [(Ph3b)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag(SbPh3)2], Ag–Sb range between 2·702(1) and 2·744(2) Å, lengthening slightly from chloride to iodide; Ag–X are 2·567(5)–2·628(4) (Cl), 2·684(1)–2·737(1) (Br) and 2·826(3)–2·869(3) Å (I). The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3Sb)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag(SbPh3)2] show v(AgX) bands at 178, 158 (X = Cl), 121 (X = Br) and 110 cm-1 (X = I). The splittings and band widths reflect a decrease in the degree of distortion of the Ag(µ-X)2Ag units from a symmetrically bridged structure from X = Cl to I.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Allan H. White

Crystallization of some copper(I) salts, CuX, with triphenylarsine in 1 : 3 stoichiometry from acetonitrile has yielded an array of adducts, [(Ph3As)3CuX], characterized by room-temperature single crystal X-ray structure determinations. [(Ph3As)3CuCl] (1) has been characterized in two unsolvated phases, α and β, the second form previously recorded as monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 8. The ‘α’ phase, like the bromide (2) and iodide (3), adopts the trigonal P3 array, widespread among many [(Ph3E)3MX] adducts with a ≈ 19, c ≈ 11 Å; conventional R on F was 0·037, 0·041, 0·056 for No 3458, 3259, 3434 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections for these three adducts respectively. A further form, γ, is a toluene hemisolvate, monoclinic, P21/c, a 21·490(5), b 10·218(7), c 24·901(6) Å, β 117·53(2)°, Z = 4, R 0·057 for No 7207. The nitrate (4), obtained as a monosolvate from methanol, is monoclinic, P21/n, a 15 ·115(9), b 23·201(9), c 14·170(14) Å, β 92·56(7)°, Z = 4, R 0·049 for No 5476. In all compounds, the copper atom is four-coordinate, E3CuX, the nitrate in (4) being -ONO2 unidentate. The CuX bond lengthsr(CuX) in [(Ph3E)3CuX] (X = Cl, Br, I) show a decrease from the Ph3P to the corre3sponding Ph3As compound, and this is consistent with the observed increase in the v(CuX) wavenumbers in the far-infrared spectra. These trends are both consistent with an increase in the CuX bond strength from the Ph3P to the Ph3As complexes, and possible reasons for this are discussed.


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