The measurement of surface tension by means of a vertical-plate balance

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Lane ◽  
DO Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Vertical Plate ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Finite Plate ◽  
Fluid Surface ◽  
Additional Force ◽  
Infinite Height

A thermodynamic analysis of the measurement of surface tension using plates with either horizontal or vertical grooves of arbitrary cross section is presented. An exact description of the behaviour of horizontal grooves in a plate of infinite width and of vertical grooves in a plate of infinite height is given. The behaviour of a plate of finite height with vertical grooves can be the same as for an infinite plate, but in most instances this is not true. An approximate analysis of a finite plate with vertical grooves is developed and the errors in the curvatures of the resulting liquid-fluid surface are evaluated. In general, it is found that a grooved plate partly immersed in liquid requires a greater force to balance it than a smooth plate of the same overall dimensions and mass and with zero contact angle against the liquid and fluid phases. The additional force required to balance the grooved plate is approximately independent of the groove orientation but increases with width (pitch) of the groove. It is shown that if the measurements are made with the bottom of the plate at the level of the liquid-fluid surface at an infinite distance from the plate, the additional force almost equals the gravitational force on the mass of liquid adhering to the plate after complete immersion and withdrawal from the liquid, the agreement improving as the groove pitch is decreased. This conclusion helps explain the good results obtained for surface tension measurements using roughened plates with scratched surfaces. The important results are checked experimentally and in most cases the agreement is within the experimental error. The only exceptions to this are the results for finite plates with vertical grooves but even then the agreement is nearly quantitative.

Concentration Dependence of the Surface Tension of Three and Four-Component Systems with Peculiarities in the Surface Tension Isotherms of Lateral Binary Melts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
R.Kh. Dadashev ◽  
R.A. Kutuev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Minimum Depth ◽  
Surface Tension Isotherms

The experimental study results of the melts concentration dependence of the surface tension of the four-component indium-tin-lead-bismuth system and its constituent binary systems of indium-tin, indium-lead, indium-bismuth, tin-lead, tin-bismuth, lead-bismuth are presented in the paper. It is shown that the concentration dependence of the melts surface tension of the In-Sn-Pb-Bi four-component system can be predicted from the data on ST (surface tension) values of lateral binary systems. Features in the ST isotherms in the form of a minimum are observed only in the indium-tin lateral system from all lateral binaries. A distinctive feature of the detected minimum is that the minimum depth slightly exceeds the experimental error. Therefore, in addition to the fact that the area of average compositions was studied more thoroughly, we carried out the surface tension measurements by two independent methods. The experimental data obtained by both methods coincide within the experimental error and indicate the extremum availability on ST isotherms. Thus, ST experimental studies by two independent methods confirmed the presence of a flat minimum on ST isotherms of the indium-tin binary system increasing the reliability of the obtained data. The obtained outcomes and their comparison with experimental data have shown that the considered models for predicting surface properties based on data due to similar properties of lateral binary systems adequately reflect the experimental dependences. However, the prediction model based on Kohler's method of excess values describes the experimental curves more accurately.

Measurement of Burst Pressure of Capillary Burst Valve

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Toru Yamada ◽  
Mohammad Faghri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Fluid Surface ◽  
Mechanical Components

Capillary burst valve (CBV), a counterpart to an elastomeric diaphragm microvalve, handles fluid in microchannels by capillarity. Thus, it avoids integration of mechanical components. We experimentally estimated the burst pressure, beyond which CBV cannot hold fluid, using fluids with distinct surface tensions in CBVs grafted with distinct surface constitutions in microchannels. We found that both the fluid surface tension and the solid surface constitution influence the burst pressure. The burst pressure reduces more significantly under the influence of the fluid surface tension.

On the drag-out problem in liquid film theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. BENILOV ◽  
V. S. ZUBKOV
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Self Similar Solution ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Steady Solutions

We consider an infinite plate being withdrawn (at an angle α to the horizontal, with a constant velocity U) from an infinite pool of viscous liquid. Assuming that the effects of inertia and surface tension are weak, Derjaguin (C. R. Dokl. Acad. Sci. URSS, vol. 39, 1943, p. 13.) conjectured that the ‘load’ l, i.e. the thickness of the liquid film clinging to the plate, is l=(μU/ρgsinα)1/2, where ρ and μ are the liquid's density and viscosity, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.In the present work, the above formula is derived from the Stokes equations in the limit of small slopes of the plate (without this assumption, the formula is invalid). It is shown that the problem has infinitely many steady solutions, all of which are stable – but only one of these corresponds to Derjaguin's formula. This particular steady solution can only be singled out by matching it to a self-similar solution describing the non-steady part of the film between the pool and the film's ‘tip’.Even though the near-pool region where the steady state has been established expands with time, the upper, non-steady part of the film (with its thickness decreasing towards the tip) expands faster and, thus, occupies a larger portion of the plate. As a result, the mean thickness of the film is 1.5 times smaller than the load.

Amniotic Fluid Surface Tension during Pregnancy

Neonatology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmino F. Rubaltelli ◽  
Mario Rondinelli ◽  
Carlo Zorzi ◽  
Sergio Saia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fluid Surface

Experimental Study of Surface Tension Coefficient for Magnetic Fluid

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Qing Lei Wang ◽  
De Cai Li ◽  
Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Surface Tension Coefficient ◽  
Fluid Surface ◽  
Liquid Surface Tension ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

The author measured surface tension coefficient for liquid with a new experimental apparatus, measured magnetic fluid surface tension coefficient at different temperatures and with different volume of surfactant. By the analysis of experimental data, we obtained that magnetic fluid surface tension coefficient decreases with the increasing temperature and increases with the addition of surfactant volume and reaches a certain stability value. We also obtained the expression of magnetic fluid surface tension coefficient and the temperature or surfactant. This paper discussed the relationship between the liquid surface tension coefficient and the temperature and surfactant from the view of thermodynamics.

A Numerical Procedure for Estimating the Stress Intensity Factor of a Crack in a Finite Plate

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kobayashi ◽  
R. D. Cherepy ◽  
W. C. Kinsel
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Finite Plate

The advantages of the complex variable method are combined with the numerical procedure of collocation for estimating the stress intensity factors in finite, cracked plates subjected to in-plane loadings. In this approach, the complex stress functions for an infinite plate problem are modified to meet the boundary conditions for a finite plate with identical crack configuration. This procedure produces a system of linear equations which can be programmed readily on high-speed computers. The procedure is used to find the elastic stress intensity factor at the crack tip in a centrally notched plate in uniaxial tension. The resulting values are nearly identical to the stress intensity values determined analytically by the theory of elasticity. This numerical procedure should be useful for designers and analysts working in the fields of fracture mechanics and fail-safe concepts.

scholarly journals On the propagation, reflection, and transmission of transient cylindrical shear waves in nonhomogeneous four-parameter viscoelastic media

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bryant Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Viscoelastic Plate ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Viscoelastic Media ◽  
Finite Plate ◽  
Arbitrary Thickness

The purpose of this paper is to study the propagation of cylindrical shear waves in nonhomogeneous four-parameter viscoelastic plates of arbitrary thickness. The plates have a transverse cylindrical hole and their material properties are functions of the radial distance from the center of this opening. They are initially unstressed and at rest. A suddenly rising shearing traction is applied uniformly over the boundary of the opening and parallel to the faces of the plates and thereafter steadily maintained; they are otherwise free from loading. We consider both the case of a finite plate with a stress-free cylindrical outer boundary, and an infinite plate composed of two media in welded contact along a cylindrical surface symmetrical with respect to the center of the opening. We find that a reflected pulse is produced at the outer boundary of the finite plate while reflected and transmitted pulses are produced at the interface in the infinite bi-viscoelastic plate. Ray techniques are used throughout, and formal asymptotic wavefront expansions of the solution functions are obtained.

Deposition of a viscous fluid on a plane surface

1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Two mechanisms by which a viscous fluid can be deposited on a plane surface are described. Measurement of the thickness of the deposit are compared with calculated values. It is found that the two agree within rather wide limits of experimental error provided the effect of surface tension can be neglected, and the conditions under which this is legitimate are discussed.

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