Organomercury compounds. IX. Preparations, structures, and thermal decomposition of arylmercuric arenesulphinates

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Deacon ◽  
PW Felder
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linkage Isomers ◽  
Liquid Sulphur ◽  
Organomercury Compounds ◽  
Cold Acetone

The arylmercuric arenesulphinates, PhHg(SO2Ph), p-MeC6H4Hg(SO2-p-MeC6H4), PhHg(SO2-p-MeC6H4), p-MeC6H4Hg(SO2Ph), and C6F5Hg(SO2Ph), have been prepared by reaction of mercuric benzenesulphinate or p- toluenesulphinate with the appropriate diarylmercury compound in chloroform or methanol, and the first three compounds have also been obtained by reaction of liquid sulphur dioxide with diphenylmercury, di-p-tolylmercury, or phenyl-p-tolylmercury. Linkage isomers of phenylmercuric benzenesulphinate have been prepared. Isomer A, obtained from chloroform-pentane, is considered to be a monomeric O-sulphinato complex, and isomer B, obtained from cold acetone, methyl ethyI ketone, or methanol, to be an S-sulphinato complex. The isomers are readily interconverted. In chloroform, deuterochloroform, and acetone, at room temperature, only the O-sulphinato complex can be detected. The other arylmercuric arenesulphinates have the same structure as isomer A. Linkage isomers could not be isolated for these derivatives. However, there is evidence that p-MeC6H4Hg(SO2Ph) slowly isomerizes in the solid state to give the corresponding S-sulphinato complex. Thermal decomposition of PhHg-(SO2Ph) (both isomers), p-MeC6H4Hg(SO2-p-MeC6H4), PhHg(SO2-p-MeC6H4), and p-MeC8H4Hg(SO2Ph) gives sulphur dioxide and the corresponding diarylmercurycompound.

The Reactivity of Different Active Forms of Sodium Carbonate with Respect to Sulfur Dioxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302-2308
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.

Preparations, sulphinate coordination, and thermal decomposition of some bismuth triarenesulphinates

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Deacon ◽  
GD Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
The Other

Bismuth triarenesulphinates, Bi(02SR)3 [R = Ph, p-MeC6H4, p-ClC6H4, 2,4,6-(Me2CH)3C6H2, and p-MeCONHC6H4], have been prepared by reaction of bismuth triacetate with the appropriate arenesulphinio acids in glacial acetic acid, and the first two compounds have also been obtained by reaction of triphenyl-bismuth with the appropriate mercuric arenesulphinates. The sulphur-oxygen stretching frequencies of the bismuth sulphinates are indicative of O-sulphinate coordination, and the compounds are considered to be polymeric with bridging O-sulphinate groups and six-coordinate bismuth. Thermal decomposition of Bi(O2SR)3 (R = Ph, p-MeC6H4, or p-CIC6H4) under vacuum gave the corresponding triarylbismuth compounds and sulphur dioxide, the preparation of tri-p-chlorophenylbismuth being accompanied by formation of di-p-chlorophenyl sulphone and S-p-chlorophenyl p-chlorobenzenethiosulphonate. Pyrolysis of the other triarenesulphinates did not yield organobismuth compounds.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Cubic Phase-Co Microspheres by Mechanical Solid-State Reaction-Thermal Decomposition and Research on Its Growth Kinetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Deng ◽  
Yanhua Zhang ◽  
Lingling Peng ◽  
Xiaolong Jing ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Oxalate Precursor ◽  
Cobalt Oxalate

Cubic phase cobalt (Co), which can be used as a key component for composite materials given its excellent ductility and internal structure, is not easy to obtain at room temperature. In this study, oxalic acid and cobalt nitrate are used as raw materials to synthesize the cobalt oxalate precursor, which has a stable structure with a five-membered chelate ring. Cobalt oxalate microspheres, having a high internal energy content, were prepared by using mechanical solid-state reaction in the presence of a surfactant, which can produce spherical micelles. The thermal decomposition of the precursor was carried out by maintaining it in a nitrogen atmosphere at 450°C for 3 h. At the end of the procedure, 100 nm cubic phase-Co microspheres, stable at room temperature, were obtained. Isothermal and nonisothermal kinetic mechanisms of cobalt grain growth were investigated. The cubic-Co grain growth activation energy, Q, was calculated in this study to be 71.47 kJ/mol. The required reaction temperature was low, making the production process simple and suitable for industrial applications.

scholarly journals From amino acid mixtures to peptides in liquid sulphur dioxide on early Earth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Sauer ◽  
Maren Haas ◽  
Constanze Sydow ◽  
Alexander F. Siegle ◽  
Christoph A. Lauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Initial Reactant ◽  
Peptide Formation ◽  
Liquid Sulphur ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

AbstractThe formation of peptide bonds is one of the most important biochemical reaction steps. Without the development of structurally and catalytically active polymers, there would be no life on our planet. However, the formation of large, complex oligomer systems is prevented by the high thermodynamic barrier of peptide condensation in aqueous solution. Liquid sulphur dioxide proves to be a superior alternative for copper-catalyzed peptide condensations. Compared to water, amino acids are activated in sulphur dioxide, leading to the incorporation of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids into proteins. Strikingly, even extremely low initial reactant concentrations of only 50 mM are sufficient for extensive peptide formation, yielding up to 2.9% of dialanine in 7 days. The reactions carried out at room temperature and the successful use of the Hadean mineral covellite (CuS) as a catalyst, suggest a volcanic environment for the formation of the peptide world on early Earth.

scholarly journals Large electro-strain signal of the BNT–BT–KNN lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with CuO doping

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hao Zhao ◽  
Rui-Fang Ge ◽  
Yejing Dai
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
State Process ◽  
Relaxor State ◽  
Strain Signal

This paper investigates a system of 0.93[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.01[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]NbO3–[Formula: see text]CuO (BNT–BT–KNN–[Formula: see text]CuO, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol.%) ceramics, which were fabricated by the conventional solid-state process through the granulation of vacuum freeze drier. The results show that the CuO doping made a significant enhancement on the piezoelectric properties of the BNT–BT–KNN ceramics. With the doping of CuO, the transition temperature between ferroelectric phase and ergodic relaxor state is reduced to near room temperature, resulting in pinched [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] loops and “sprout” shape [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] curves. For the composition with [Formula: see text], a high unipolar strain of 0.39% under 5[Formula: see text]kV/mm contributes a large [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]pm/V at room temperature, which is competitive with the other BNT-based ceramics.

Organomercury compounds. XII. The synthesis of diarylmercurials and arylmercuric arenesulphinates by sulphur dioxide elimination reactions

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Cookson ◽  
GB Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Carbon Bond ◽  
Satisfactory Yield ◽  
Organomercury Compounds ◽  
Elimination Reactions

The diarylmercurials, R2Hg [R = Ph, p-XC6H4 (X = Me, Br, Cl, or F), 2,3,4-Cl3C6H2, 2,4,5-Cl3C6H2, 2-naphthyl, or 8-quinolyl], have been prepared in satisfactory yield by sulphur dioxide elimination reactions on heating the corresponding mercuric arenesulphinates under vacuum, but decomposition of mercuric p-acetamidobenzenesulphinate gave acetanilide. The mercuric arenesulphinates were obtained by reaction of mercuric acetate with the appropriate sodium arenesulphinates in aqueous solution at room temperature. Similar reactions in boiling aqueous solution gave either diarylmercurials, R2Hg [R = Ph, p-XC6H4 (X = Me, F, or MeCONH), 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 2,4,6-(Me2CH)3C6H2, or 8-quinolyl], or arylmercuric arenesulphinates, RHg(02SR) [R = p-XC6H4 (X = Br or Cl), 2,3,4-Cl3C6H2, 2,4,5-Cl3C6H2, or 2-naphthyl], usually in low yield, and sulphur dioxide. Mercury-carbon bond formation also occurred in reactions of mercuric acetate with sodium mesitylenesulphinate and 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulphinate at room temperature, mesitylmercuric mesitylenesulphinate and bis(2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl)mercury, respectively, being obtained. The sulphur- oxygen stretching frequencies of the mercuric arenesulphinates are indicative of S-sulphinate coordination, whilst those of the arylmercuric arenesulphinates are consistent with unidentate O- sulphinate groups.

scholarly journals Peptide formation as on the early Earth: from amino acid mixtures to peptides in sulphur dioxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Trapp ◽  
Fabian Sauer ◽  
Maren Haas ◽  
Constanze Sydow ◽  
Alexander Siegle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Peptide Formation ◽  
Liquid Sulphur ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

Abstract The formation of peptide bonds is one of the most important biochemical reaction steps. Without the development of structurally and catalytically active polymers, there would be no life on our planet. Intensive research is being conducted on possible reaction pathways for the formation of complex peptides on the early Earth. Salt-induced peptide formation (SIPF) by metal catalysis is one possible pathway for abiotic peptide synthesis. The high salt concentration supports dehydration in this process. However, the formation of large, complex oligomer systems is prevented by the high thermodynamic barrier of peptide condensation in aqueous solution. Liquid sulphur dioxide proves to be a superior alternative for copper-catalysed peptide condensation. Compared to water, the amino acids are activated in sulphur dioxide, which leads to the incorporation of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids into the resulting proteins and thus to a large variety of products. Strikingly, even extremely low initial reactant concentrations of only 50 mM are sufficient for extensive peptide formation, leading to an overall yield of 2.9% for dialanine in 7 days. The reactions carried out at room temperature and the successful use of the Hadean mineral covellite as a catalyst, suggest a volcanic environment for the formation of the peptide world on early Earth as a likely scenario.

A topochemical rearrangement with multiple inversions of configuration

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Wolfe ◽  
Yih-Huang Hsieh ◽  
Raymond J Batchelor ◽  
Frederick WB Einstein ◽  
Ian D Gay
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Intramolecular Process ◽  
C Nmr ◽  
The Ideal

Crystalline 2-benzyloxypyridine-1-oxide rearranges slowly at room temperature to crystalline 1-benzyloxy-2-pyridone. No intermediates are detected when the process is followed by solid-state 13C NMR. The crystal structure of the pyridine-1-oxide strongly suggests that a topochemically controlled intramolecular process, in which the benzyl group migrates with retention of configuration, is not feasible. On the other hand, although somewhat disfavoured by initial solid-state O···C···O angles significantly less than the ideal 180°, intermolecular topochemically controlled processes can be envisaged that lead, with multiple inversions of configuration, either to net retention of configuration or to net inversion of configuration in the benzyl group. In contrast to the 50–80% inversion observed in solution, in the solid state only inversion is observed experimentally when chirally labelled α-deuteriobenzyloxypyridine-1-oxide is allowed to rearrange.Key words: X-ray crystallography, solid-state 13C NMR, benzyl-α-D-alcohol, 2-benzyloxypyridine-1-oxide, 1-benzyloxy-2-pyridone.

Electron microscope studies of the plastic deformation of ternary alloys based on GaAs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1120
Author(s):  
R. Haswell ◽  
U. Bangert ◽  
P. Charsley
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Dislocation Mobility ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Micro Indentation

A knowledge of the behaviour of dislocations in semiconducting materials is essential to the understanding of devices which use them . This work is concerned with dislocations in alloys related to the semiconductor GaAs . Previous work on GaAs has shown that microtwinning occurs on one of the <110> rosette arms after indentation in preference to the other . We have shown that the effect of replacing some of the Ga atoms by Al results in microtwinning in both of the rosette arms.In the work to be reported dislocations in specimens of different compositions of Gax Al(1-x) As and Gax In(1-x) As have been studied by using micro indentation on a (001) face at room temperature . A range of electron microscope techniques have been used to investigate the type of dislocations and stacking faults/microtwins in the rosette arms , which are parallel to the [110] and [10] , as a function of composition for both alloys . Under certain conditions microtwinning occurs in both directions . This will be discussed in terms of the dislocation mobility.

Improved Sol-Gel Materials for Efficient Solid State Dye Lasers

1993 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Canva ◽  
Patrick Georges ◽  
Jean-Fran^ois Perelgritz ◽  
Alain Brun ◽  
Fréddric Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tunable Lasers ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Dye Lasers ◽  
Laser Dyes ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Host Matrices

AbstractPhotoresistant laser dyes were trapped in silica based xerogel host matrices to obtain solid state tunable lasers. For this purpose very dense xerogel samples with improved chemical and physical properties were prepared at room temperature by the sol-gel technology. The as-prepared materials were polished to obtain optical quality surfaces and were used as new lasing media.Lasing action of such different dyes as rhodamine, perylene and pyrromethene doping dense sol-gel matrices was demonstrated. Efficiencies of 30 % or lifetimes of more than 100,000 shots were achieved with different new ≤dye dopant/host matrix≥ couples. Their different performances are reviewed and discussed.

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