Galactomannan from the seed of Lotus pedunculatus

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
EL Richards ◽  
RJ Beveridge ◽  
MR Grimmett
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A galactomannan composed of D-galactose (49%) and D-mannose (51%) was isolated in 2.2 % yield from the seeds of Lotus pedunculatus by water extraction. On periodate oxidation it consumed 1.5 moles of oxidant per hexose unit, releasing 0.53 mole of formic acid. Hydrolysis of the methylated polysaccharide gave, as the major products, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (6 parts), 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (6.25 parts), and 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (1 part). It is concluded that the polysaccharide contains essentially linear chains of l → 4-linked P-D-mannopyranose units with side-chains of a-D-galactopyranose units attached to C6 of approximately six out of every seven D-mannopyranose units. The galactomannan is more highly branched than similar galactomannans isolated from the seeds of other legumes.

THE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF DERMATOPHYTES: III. A GALACTOMANNAN FROM TRICHOPHYTON INTERDIGITALE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2862-2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Blank ◽  
M. B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Trichophyton Interdigitale ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

The water-soluble polysaccharide preparation from Trichophytoninterdigitale was fractionated to give two distinct galactomannans and a glucan. A galactomannan isolated via its insoluble copper complex had [α]D +75° (water) and was composed of D-galactose (12%) and D-mannose (88%). On periodate oxidation, the galactomannan consumed 1.73 mole periodate and released 0.67 mole formic acid and 0.12 mole formaldehyde per anhydrohexose unit. Hydrolysis of the methylated galactomannan gave 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (1 part), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (1 part), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (4 parts), and3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (2 parts). Mild acid hydrolysis of the galactomannan removed all the galactose residues, leaving a mannan having [α]D +84° (water) whose structure was analyzed by periodate oxidation and methylation techniques.

Lignin from Formic Acid Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Deng ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Hong Peng ◽  
Chunsheng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The optimization of formic acid hydrolysis of xylose in furfural production

2012 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandian Yang ◽  
Pingli Li ◽  
Dechen Bo ◽  
Heying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Furfural Production

Optimization of formic acid hydrolysis of corn cob in xylose production

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1624-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhu ◽  
Pingli Li ◽  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Wandian Yang ◽  
Heying Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Xylose Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCED BY XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2204-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Misaki ◽  
S. Kirkwood ◽  
J. V. Scaletti ◽  
F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Sodium Borohydride Reduction ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Structural Significance ◽  
Molecular Proportion

The extracellular polysaccharide isolated from cultures of Xanthomonas oryzae is composed of D-glucose (5 molecular proportions), D-glucuronic acid (2 molecular proportions), and D-mannose (5 molecular proportions). Acid hydrolysis of this polysaccharide, which contains 0.3% combined pyruvic acid, yields 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid D-mannose, which has been characterized as its crystalline fully methylated β-glycoside. Hydrolysis of the methylated polysaccharide gives 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (3 molecular proportions), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (1 molecular proportion), 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose (4 molecular proportions), 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (2 molecular proportions), 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (3 molecular proportions), 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (1 molecular proportion). The polyalcohol derived from the polysaccharide by periodate oxidation followed by sodium borohydride reduction gives upon acid hydrolysis glycerol (2 molecular proportions), erythritol (1 molecular proportion), and D-glucose (1 molecular proportion). The general structural significance of these findings is discussed.

Detoxification of Wheat Straw Formic Acid Hydrolysis and Xylitol Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 5453-5457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ping Zhuang ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Sun Yong ◽  
Chun Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw Hydrolysate

Xylitol can be obtained from hemicelullosic fraction of lignocellulosic materials containing D-xylose. Formic acid hydrolysis is widely used in lignocellulose pretreatment. However, formic acid hydrolysis wheat straw cannot be directly used as fermentation subsequently owing to various fermentation inhibitors, especially the formic acid in reaction system and released during pretreatment. This study describes main hydrolysis components and inhibitors prepared by hydrolysis of wheat straw with formic acid solution, and different detoxification methods ware used to romve the inhibitors. Study found treatment of wheat straw hydrolysate with overliming treatment and D311 ion-exchange resin had a good result on reduction formic acid and other main inhibitors, results showed which can eliminate 94% of residual formic acid and with only 15% reducion of xylose. To verify the effectiveness of different detoxification methods, hydrolysates of detoxification werr fermented by Candida.tropicalis AS2.1776, and the results also found that the hydrolysate treatmented with overliming treatment and D311 ion-exchange resin have the hightest xylitol yield.

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Formic Acid Hydrolysis Residue by Chemical Activation of ZnCl2

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Ben Lin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Formic Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Residue

Utilization of wheat straw for bio-based chemicals production is a research focus. In this work, experiments were conducted to study the preparation conditions of activated carbon from formic acid hydrolysis residue of wheat straw applying response surface methodology. The effects of activation reaction temperature, retention time and activator quantity on the decolorizing capacity of activated carbon were dealt with in this paper. Optimal preparation conditions were abtained by response surface methodology as followed: the content of ZnCl2 solution was 14.2%, reaction temperature was 798°C and retained time was 30 mins with a decolorizing capacity of 15.8 mL methylene blue. Results indicated that the technology was available.

scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON BLOOD GROUPS

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ten Feizi ◽  
Elvin A. Kabat ◽  
Giuseppe Vicari ◽  
Byron Anderson ◽  
W. Laurence Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Mild Acid

A partially purified blood group-like substance obtained from milk showed I activity with 2 of 21 anti-I sera. With these antisera, certain human ovarian cyst substances considered to be precursors of the A, B, H, Lea, and Leb substances also showed I activity comparable to the milk material. Strong I activity could be produced by one-stage periodate oxidation and Smith degradation of human ovarian cyst A and B substances, or of hog mucin A + H substance, or by mild acid hydrolysis of human saliva or ovarian cyst blood group B substance. The two sera indicate that I specificity appears at intermediate stages in the biosynthesis of the A, B, H, Lea, and Lea substances. Anti-I sera differ strikingly in their specificities, indicating substantial heterogeneity of the I determinants.

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