The solution dipole moments and the atomic polarizations of chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-benzenes

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
HH Huang ◽  
VR Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Atomic Polarization ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Polar Solutes

Dielectric constant and density measurements of solutions of chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-benzene together with those of p-dichloro-, p-dibromo- and p-diiodo-benzene in carbon tetrachloride at 25� are given. Distortion and atomic polarization values for the polar solutes are estimated by a method proposed by B�ttcher; the values are compared with other estimates of PD and PA. To obtain quantitative information of atomic polarizations, using B�ttcher's method, greater precision than is usual in solution dielectric constant measurements would be required.

Molecular polarizability: Symmetrically substituted mesitylenes

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
KE Calderbank ◽  
RJW Le Fevre ◽  
RK Pierens ◽  
DV Radford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Molecular Polarizability ◽  
Atomic Polarization ◽  
Kerr Constants ◽  
Absorption Measurements

Molar Kerr constants ( x 10-12) are reported for 2,4,6-trichloromesitylene, 2,4,6.tribromomesitylene, and 2,4,6-triiodomesitylene as solutes in carbon tetrachloride and for 2,4,6-trinitromesitylene as a solute in benzene. Microwave absorption measurements indicate the non-polarity of all four solutes and the small apparent dipole moments observed for some of these solutes can be ascribed to atomic polarization. The substituents are not therefore staggered as has previously been suggested for 2,4,6-trinitromesitylene. Estimates of the polarizability semi-axes for these molecules are given.

The transmission of polar effects. Part VII. A proton magnetic resonance spectra study of substituted mesitylenes, durenes, anthracenes, and triptycenes

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (24) ◽  
pp. 3903-3908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bowden ◽  
J. G. Irving ◽  
M. J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
Solvent Dependence ◽  
Similar Dependence ◽  
Energy Relations

The chemical shifts of the ring protons in a series of monosubstituted mesitylenes and durenes, and of the 10-protons of a series of 9-substituted triptycenes and anthracenes have been measured in dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, 2-methoxyethanol, and carbon tetrachloride. The solvent dependence of the substituent chemical shifts has been analyzed by linear free energy relations. The systems all show similar dependence which increases with increasing dielectric constant of the solvent. This does not result from the field effect being transmitted through the medium, but appears to arise from the formation of a hydrogen-bonded interaction between the solvent and the hydrogen of the solute. The substituent chemical shifts appear to arise from contributions from substituent field, resonance, magnetic anisotropy, and solvent effects.

Dipole moments, Kerr constants and solution-state conformations of di(pyridin-4-yl), di(pyridin-3-yl) and di(pyridin-2-yl) ketone

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Gore ◽  
IG John ◽  
RK Pierens ◽  
GLD Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Trans Conformation ◽  
Solution State ◽  
Kerr Constants

Experimental dipole moments and molar Kerr constants are reported and analysed for di(pyridin-4-yl), di(pyridin-3-yl) and di(pyridin-2-yl) ketone as solutes in carbon tetrachloride or cyclohexane at 298 K. The preferred conformation of di(pyridin-4-yl) ketone is found to be very similar to those previously deduced for benzophenone and several 4,4'- disubstituted benzophenones. For di(pyridin-3-yl) and di(pyridin-2-yl) ketone three analogous conrotatory structures having different relative dispositions of the nitrogen atoms are considered. In the case of di(pyridin-3-yl) ketone the cis-trans and trans-trans arrangements are approximately equally abundant, but for di(pyridin-2-yl) ketone there is a strong preference for the trans-trans conformation.

Temperaturabhängigkeit der statischen Dielektrizitätskonstante und des optischen Brechungsindexes von Flüssigkeiten

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gryczyński ◽  
A. Kawski
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Solvent Shifts ◽  
Pure And Mixed Solvents ◽  
Good Agreement

A variation of the temperature changes the static dielectric constant (ε) and the refractive index (n) of solvents and, in conjunction with the measurement of solvent shifts of absorption and fluorescence maxima, allows the investigation of dipole moment changes of solutes in the excited state. For this purpose, investigations of the temperature dependences of ε and n of some pure and mixed solvents of different polarities have been made. It is found that the excited dipole moments of indole, 1,2-dimethylindole, 2,3-dimethylindole and tryptophan obtained from the shifts of the fluorescence maxima in mixed solvents at high temperatures are in good agreement with those obtained in other ways.

Polarization and apparent dipole moments of some symmetrical molecules

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Ivan Mach
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atomic Polarization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Apparent Orientation

Polarization and apparent dipole moments of a series of symmetrical molecules were determined by the standard method in three solvents: benzene, p-xylene, and mesitylene. Their explanation by complex formation with solvent applies only in the case of 1,4-dicyanobenzene and 4,4’-dicyanobiphenyl since the apparent orientation polarizations (PO.app) are large and depend strongly on solvent. On the other hand, 1,4-dihalogenbenzenes do not form any complexes and PO.appis virtually zero. 1,4-Dihalogenbicyclo[2,2,2]octanes reveal also considerable PO.app which is attributed mainly to enhanced atomic polarization but – in the case of heavier halogens – also partly to complexes of unknown structure.

Complexation of Tertiary Amides by Phenols in Carbon Tetrachloride Solutions

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Kwiatkowski ◽  
Krystyna Kozubek ◽  
Zbigniew Pepliǹski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Formation Constants ◽  
Tertiary Amides

Formation constants for 1 : 1 complexes of N,N-dialkylamides and N-acetylmorpholine with chloro-and nitrophenols have been determined spectrophotometrically in carbon tetrachloride solutions at 20 °C. Enthalpies of reaction for 14 systems have been obtained calorimetrically. Dipole moments of N,N-di(n-butyl)acetamide, N,N-di(isobutyl)acetamide and N-acetylmorpholine have been determined

Appareil pour la mesure de moments dipolaires

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barbeau ◽  
L. Ricard ◽  
J. Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Guggenheim Method

A system is described which enables the determination of dipole moments of magnitude 1.0 D from as little as 10−4 mole of substance. The dielectric constant can be measured with a precision of ± 0.000008 unit. Only one weighing is necessary. A modified Guggenheim method, in which only the values of the dielectric constant are required, is used to calculate the dipole moments.

scholarly journals Dipole moments and molecular structure. Part II.—The trichlorides of the elements of group V

1932 ◽  
Vol 136 (829) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Antimony Trichloride ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Group V ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Analogous Data

Although numerous investigators have carried out measurements of the dipole moments of the commoner organic compounds, few references are to be found to analogous data for inorganic compounds. The latter are confined almost exclusively to those substances which can be investigated in the gaseous state. The present series of investigations were commenced, therefore, with a view to applying the method of dilute solutions to the measurement of the dipole moments of such inorganic compounds as are soluble in non-polar solvents, and to relating the dipole moments of analogous groups of compounds to their molecular structures. The first series of measurements to be made, and those described in this paper, were upon the trichlorides of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. Of these, measurements had been recorded only with respect to antimony trichloride when this investigation was carried out. More recently, measurements of the dipolar moments of all three compounds have been recorded by Bergmann and Engel. but their experimental results show much greater discrepancies among one another than do those of the author. Werner used both benzene and ethyl ether as solvents for the antimony trichloride, finding a considerable difference between the values obtained in the two cases. Bergmann and Engel used carbon tetrachloride as solvent for the phosphorus and arsenic trichlorides and benzene for the antimony trichloride. In the present investigation, benzene has been used as the solvent for all three compounds.

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