The extraction of sulphuric acid with Di- and Tri-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)amines

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Cattrall
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Aggregation Phenomenon ◽  
Amine Salts

Equilibrium constants have been obtained for the distribution of sulphuric acid between aqueous solutions and isoamyl alcohol solutions of di- and tri-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)amines forming the normal amine sulphates and the amine bisulphates. The extraction follows a simple equilibrium law using a solvent for the amines (isoamyl alcohol) in which it has also been shown that no aggregation phenomenon of the amine salts occurs.

The Spectrophotometry of Sodium Nitrite Solutions in Aqueous Sulphuric and Perchloric Acids and the Equilibrium between Nitrosonium Ion and Nitrous Acid

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bayliss ◽  
R Dingle ◽  
DW Watts ◽  
RJ Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Nitrosonium Ion

The spectra of solutions of sodium nitrite in aqueous solutions of sulphuric and perchloric acids have been measured at a number of temperatures, and from these spectra the concentrations of the species HNO2 and NO+ have been calculated over the acid-concentration ranges 0-100% sulphuric acid (by wt.) and 0-72% perchloric acid (by wt.). The changes due to temperature were found to be less than the experimental error in the determination of the concentrations of nitrous acid and nitrosonium ion. The equilibria of importance in such systems are discussed and equilibrium constants have been calculated for the reactions H2SO4 + HNO2 <=> H2O + NO+ + HSO4- and HClO4 + HNO2 H2O + NO+ + ClO4- Attempts have been made to correlate the determined values for the concentration of nitrous acid and nitrosonium ion with the acidity functions J0, C0, and Hr for both solvent systems. The nitroacidium ion (H2NO2+) in these systems is found to be less important than previously thought.'

The reactions of oligoalcohols with arsenic, arsenous, boric and germanic acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Mikan ◽  
Miloš Bartušek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The reactions of sorbitol, mannitol, adonitol, dulcitol, glucose and glycerol with H3AsO4, H3AsO3, H3BO3 and GeO2 acids in dilute aqueous solutions were studied by potentiometric neutralization titrations. The formation of the following chelates was demonstrated: As(V)L3-, As(III)L(OH)2-, HAs(III)L(OH)2, BL2-, GeL2(OH)- and GeL32- and the equilibrium constants for their formation were found. Conditions for formation of these chelates of organic oligohydroxy compounds are discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Mn(II)-containing paratungstate B from aqueous solutions acidified by acetic acid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Paratungstate B ◽  
Solution Acidity ◽  
Tungstate Anion

The method of pH-potentiometric titration and mathematical simulation were used to study the equilibrium processes in aqueous solutions of the WO42––CH3COOH–H2O system in the acidity range Z=(CH3COOH)/(Na2WO4)=0.8–1.7 at СW=0.01 mol L–1 and T=2980.1 K, a constant ionic strength being maintained by sodium nitrate as a background electrolyte ((NaNO3)=0.10 mol L–1). We developed the models of polyoxotungstate anions formation and the equilibrium transformation processes, which adequately describe experimental pH vs. Z dependences. It was found that acetic acid using to create the solution acidity that is necessary for the formation of isopoly tungstate anion contributes only to the formation of protonated paratungstate B anions Нх[W12O40(ОН)2](10–х)– (where x=0–4). We calculated the logarithms of the concentration equilibrium constants of the polyanion formation and plotted the distribution diagrams. Double sodium-manganese(II) paratungstate B Na8(H2O)28Mn(H2O)2[H2W12O42]4H2O was synthesized at Z=1.00 to confirm the results of the mathematical modeling. The chemical composition of the prepared salt was established by chemical elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray analysis. The stepwise process of salt dehydration was studied by means of differential thermal analysis.

Recovery of sulphuric acid from waste aqueous solutions containing arsenic by ion exchange

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nenov ◽  
N. Dimitrova ◽  
I. Dobrevsky
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sulphuric Acid

Some phase relationships between basic bismuth chlorides in aqueous solutions at 25 °C

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2824-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Taylor ◽  
Vincent J. Lopata
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Aqueous Chloride ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Phase Relationships

Observations are reported on the interconversion of solid α-Bi2O3, Bi12O17Cl2, BiOCl, and a daubréeite-like phase tentatively identified as Bi2O2(OH)Cl, in aqueous chloride solutions at 25 °C. Equilibrium constants, K, for these interconversions are expressed as anion activity ratios, {Cl−}/{OH−}. Experimental values of K for equilibrium between Bi2O3 and each of the chlorides are 100.56 ± 0.20 for Bi12O17Cl2, 101.5 ± 0.4 for Bi2O2(OH)Cl, and 103.13 ± 0.04 for BiOCl; the fatter two represent metastable equilibria. These equilibrium constants yielded the following estimates of Gibbs energies of formation: Bi12O17Cl2, −3141 ± 6 kJ mol−1;"Bi2O2(OH)Cl", −696 ± 4 kJ mol−1; BiOCl, −321.5 ± 1.3 kJ mol−1. Phase relationships among these solids are discussed, with reference to natural occurrence, other bismuth oxychlorides, and the stability of other basic salts of bismuth.

THE DISSOCIATION OF α- AND β-LIPOVITELLIN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: PART I. EFFECT OF pH, TEMPERATURE, AND OTHER FACTORS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Burley ◽  
W. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Reversible Dissociation ◽  
Lipoprotein Concentration ◽  
Irreversible Aggregation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effect of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and lipoprotein concentration on the reversible dissociation of α- and β-lipovitellin in aqueous solutions above pH 6 has been examined by ultracentrifugal measurements. Under otherwise similar conditions α- and β-lipovitellin are 50% dissociated at pH 10.5 and 7.8, respectively. Both lipovitellins undergo an irreversible aggregation above about pH 11; β-lipovitellin is sometimes converted to a non-dissociable form upon aging. Dissociation of both lipovitellins decreases with increasing ionic strength and increasing temperature. Although the ultracentrifugal method has limitations, provisional equilibrium constants and thermodynamic data were obtained from it that are comparable with those obtained for certain protein systems.

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