Solid-phase polymerization of maleic anhydride at high pressures

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Polymorphic Transition ◽  
Spontaneous Polymerization ◽  
Trans Stilbene

Solid maleic anhydride undergoes spontaneous polymerization when it is heated to 100-170�0 at pressures above 20000 atm. On a pressure- temperature diagram, the regions of monomer stability and of polymerization are separated by a rather well-defined line, which possibly marks the occurrence of a physical polymorphic transition. The structure of the polymer is discussed. Efforts to polymerize some other 1,2-disubstituted ethylenes have been unsuccessful. The following substances were recovered unchanged after being heated to 160-180�0 at 30000-45000 atm: maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, sorbic acid, coumarin, and trans-stilbene.�The melting temperature of maleic anhydride has been measured to 3770 atm and the parameters in the Simon melting equation are reported.

Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Burnett ◽  
Scott F. Mitchell ◽  
Michael J. Mummey
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid

The Pressure-temperature Phase and Reaction Diagram for Carbon

1995 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Closed Surface ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTCarbon atoms form very strong bonds to each other, yielding materials like: (i) crystalline graphite, diamond and their many “amorphous” hybrids; (ii) crystalline forms of giant closed–surface molecules such as the fullerenes; and (iii) liquid and gas phases which have molecular contents which are complicated and not yet defined or understood. Because of the high bonding energy the melting and vaporization temperatures of the solid forms are very high, and the activation energies required to transform one solid form to another are large. One consequence is that at lower temperatures the different solid phases may continue to exist metastably far into a P, T region in which another solid phase is the thermodynamically stable one.In the thermodynamic sense the vapor pressure line of graphite, the graphite/liquid/vapor triple point, the graphite melting line, the graphite/diamond equilibrium line, and the graphite/diamond/liquid triple point are quite well established. Data for the melting temperature of diamond vs. pressure are sparse and rough, but they indicate that the melting temperature increases with pressure,-in agreement with some theories. Although carbon should transform to a solid metallic state at very high pressures, experimental evidence shows diamond to be stable to over 400GPa, and theoretical calculations indicate that it could be the stable form up to pressures of 1200 to 2300GPa. Attention is given to the solid state transformations which can take place when graphite is compressed and heated along different P, T paths under different conditions.

Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Felthouse ◽  
Joseph C. Burnett ◽  
Scott F. Mitchell ◽  
Michael J. Mummey
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid

Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Felthouse ◽  
Joseph C. Burnett ◽  
Ben Horrell ◽  
Michael J. Mummey ◽  
Yeong-Jen Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid

Cyclopentadienyl-, Indenyl- und Trifluormethylcyclopentadienyl-Cobalt-Komplexe mit Akzeptor-substituierten Olefinen als Liganden / Cyclopentadienyl, Indenyl and Trifluoromethylcyclopentadienyl Cobalt Complexes with Acceptor-Substituted Olefins as Ligands

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1364-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Werner ◽  
Joachim Mahr
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Cobalt Complexes ◽  
Cobalt Compounds

The complexes C5H5Co(PMe3)2 (1), C9H7Co(PMe3)2 (2) and (C5H4CF3)Co(PMe3)2 (3) react with mono- and disubstituted ethenes such as styrene, acrylic acid methylester, methylvinylketone, acroleine, acrylic acid amide, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, maleic and fumaric acid dimethylester, and fumaric dinitrile to give the olefin(phosphane)cobalt compounds (ring)Co(PMe3)(olefin) (4-32) in good to excellent yields. With acrylonitrile, two different rotamers are obtained which indicates that there is a considerable energy barrier for rotation around the metal-olefin bond. The reactions of 1 and 3 with maleic acid dimethylester (MDE) lead not only to the formation of the expected products (ring)Co(PMe3)(MDE) (22, 23) but also to the thermodynamically favored isomers (ring)Co(PMe3)(FDE) (24, 26) containing fumaric acid dimethylester (FDE) as ligand. A similar isomerization has been observed upon treatment of 2 and 3 with fumaric dinitrile (FDN) which gives besides the complexes (ring)Co(PMe3)(FDN) (29, 31) also the maleic dinitrile (MDN) derivatives (ring)Co(PMe3)(MDN) (30, 32). The olefin(trimethylphosphane)cobalt compounds are surprisingly inert and neither on photolysis nor on heating give the isomeric hydrido(vinyl)metal complexes.

The Effects of Sodium Citrate and an Excess of Plasminogen on Fibrinolytic Agents

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 462-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tage Astrup ◽  
Ida Sterndorff
Keyword(s):  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids

Summary1. The presence of citrate in the normal fibrin enhanced the fibrinolytic activity of plasminogen activators, including trypsin. The effect of proteases (on normal or on heated fibrin, containing citrate) was not significantly influenced.2. The effect of plasminogen activators was also increased when excess of plasminogen was present in the normal fibrin plates.3. Fumaric acid and maleic acid belong to the polycarboxylic acids producing an enhancing effect.

Synthesis and ethylene-promoted metathesis of adducts of tandem [4+2]/[4+2] cycloaddition between bis-furyl dienes and maleic acid derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 3400-3407
Author(s):  
Elizaveta A. Kvyatkovskaya ◽  
Polina P. Epifanova ◽  
Eugeniya V. Nikitina ◽  
Aleksey A. Senin ◽  
Victor N. Khrustalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Maleic Acid

A series of 1,4:5,8-diepoxynaphthalenes, annellated with carbo- and heterocycles, was synthesized based on the tandem intermolecular/intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of bis-furyl dienes with moderately to highly reactive cyclic dienophiles (maleic anhydride and maleinimides).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document