Potentially tautomeric pyridines. IV. Ethyl 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl acetate

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Jones ◽  
AR Katritzky
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Anhydro Bases

Ultraviolet and infrared spectral comparisons of the isomeric pyridylacetic esters with the anhydro bases derived from the corresponding N-methyl derivatives show that the title compounds exist predominantly in the pyridine form. Basicity measurements provided a quantitative estimation of the tautomeric ratios.

scholarly journals Quantitative Deterioration Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Anticorrosion Coating by Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Kishigami ◽  
Yuki Matsumoto ◽  
Yuki Ogawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Mizokami ◽  
Daiki Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Anticorrosion Coating ◽  
Anticorrosion Coatings ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Infrared Intensity

Heavy-duty anticorrosion coatings are applied on the surface of steel bridges for protecting against corrosion. By aging deterioration, the coating is worn from the surface year by year. Appropriate re-painting construction programs should be adopted for the maintenance of the bridges according to the evaluation of wear extent. Experimental studies were conducted with the aim of quantitative estimation of the degree of abrasion of the top coat thickness. It was found that there was a correlation between the top coat thickness and the observed infrared intensity and that this calibration relationship could be used to estimate the top coat thickness.

Steric Hindrance in the Solute-Solvent Interactions of 2-Substituted 4,5-Dimethoxypyridazin-3(2H)-ones: An Infrared Spectral and Theoretical Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1790-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Šamalíková ◽  
Alexander Perjéssy ◽  
Quing Liu ◽  
Dušan Loos ◽  
Václav Konečný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Geometrical Data ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Factor Governing ◽  
Main Factor

Infrared spectra for a series of 2-substituted 4,5-dimethoxypyridazin-3(2H)-ones (1) were measured in hexane (n-C6H14)-CHCl3 and CH3CN-D2O binary mixtures. The solute-solvent interactions of pyridazinones 1 were studied by correlation of v(C=O) values with mole fractions of the less polar components of binary mixtures. The different solute-solvent interacting species were distinguished and compared with those for 3-methyl-4-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-one (2) and previously investigated 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (3). The steric effects of the substituents adjacent to the C=O group amplified by the geometrical requirements of the six-membered pyridazin-3(2H)-one ring appeared to be the main factor governing the existence of individual hydrogen-bonded species. The solute-solvent interactions are sterically most restricted in pyridazinones 1, while in thiazolones 2 they are freer and almost comparable to those in the sterically least hindered 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ones 3. The above results were confirmed by inspection of calculated semiempirical AM1 and PM3 and ab initio 6-31G* geometrical data for methyl derivatives 1h, 2 and 3.

FR-IR Molecular Microanalysis System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
John A. Reffner ◽  
William T. Wihlborg
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Ir Microscopy ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Ft Ir

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

Physical Properties of TCNQ Salts with N-Methyl Derivatives of Pyridine

1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Graja ◽  
M. Przybylski ◽  
B. Butka ◽  
R. Swietlik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Plasma Fibrin Stabilising Factor (F. S. F.) Activity in Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D Walls ◽  
M. S Losowsky
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Normal Range

SummaryA kinetic method for the quantitative estimation of plasma F.S.F. activity is described and discussed.This method was applied to normal subjects and to patients with chronic liver disease. The plasma F.S.F. activity was uninfluenced by either sex or age, and the normal range has been defined.A significant decrease in plasma F.S.F. activity was observed in patients with chronic liver disease. Subnormal levels of activity were found in 25% of such patients but were unrelated to episodes of abnormal haemorrhage. Plasma F.S.F. activity tended to be lower in patients with disease of greater clinical severity. In 2 patients showing clinical improvement there was an increase in plasma F. S. F. activity.It was confirmed that plasma fibrinogen levels increase with age.

Social development of modern Russia: trends, risks, prospects

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
E. M. Avraamova ◽  
V. N. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Resource Characteristics

The analysis of present-time directions in the study of social development has allowed to identify the resource approach as the most productive one which enables to assess social dynamics through the range of resource characteristics of different population groups and abilities of the relevant groups to apply development resources in the current economic and institutional conditions. Basing on the sociological survey conducted by ISAP RANEPA, the quantitative estimation of material and social recourses of the population has been made; integral values of the resource potential have been calculated as well. The issues of social structure formation are analyzed through the aspect of resource availability; the barriers of Russian middle-class enlargement are defined.

QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF URINARY PREGNANETRIOL, PREGNANETRIOLONE, TETRAHYDRO S AND Δ5-PREGNENETRIOL IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Thomas ◽  
A. W. Steinbeck
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism

ABSTRACT A modified method for the estimation of urinary pregnanetriol, pregnanetriol, pregnanetriolone, Δ5-pregnenetriol and tetrahydro S was investigated. The steroids, separated by chromatography, were measured quantitatively, tetrahydro S by reaction with blue tetrazolium and the other three as acetaldehydogenic substances. The excretion of these steroids was studied in suspected instances of adrenal and/or ovarian disease. Urinary pregnanetriol and tetrahydro S levels were normal in Cushing's syndrome, secondary adrenocortical carcinoma, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, idiopathic hirsutism and hypertension. Tetrahydro S was doubtfully elevated in an instance of ectopic ACTH Cushing's syndrome. Pregnanetriol excretion was elevated in untreated cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and after treatment in some. Pregnanetriolone was found in all patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, including those receiving cortisone. Pregnanetriolone was also detected in Cushing's syndrome, secondary adrenocortical carcinoma, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, ectopic ACTH Cushing's syndrome and suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Δ5-pregnenetriol was present as a glucuronide in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism. The diagnostic implications of these results are discussed.

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