On the Hysteresis of Adsorption on Solid Surfaces

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
RG Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Capillary Effects ◽  
First Order ◽  
Adsorption Of Gases ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Hysteresis Phenomena

Hysteresis phenomena associated with the adsorption of gases on solid surfaces are usually explained in terms of three-dimensional capillary effects or with more or less unspecific reference to phase transitions. It is shown that hysteresis effects are to be expected when two dimensional phase transitions occur on solids. In the connection, the thermodynamic equation governing the equilibrium of small, incompressible two-dimensional phases is derived. Such phases can form on an imperfect solid surface in an irreversible manner and, as calculation shows, can contribute significantly to the hysteresis of adsorption. In some cases the phase change may be responsible for the whole effect. The diffuseness of first-order phase transitions may be due to the same mechanism.

scholarly journals QNEC2 in deformed holographic CFTs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ecker ◽  
D. Grumiller ◽  
H. Soltanpanahi ◽  
P. Stanzer
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Condition ◽  
Translation Invariant ◽  
Massive Scalar Field ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We use the quantum null energy condition in strongly coupled two-dimensional field theories (QNEC2) as diagnostic tool to study a variety of phase structures, including crossover, second and first order phase transitions. We find a universal QNEC2 constraint for first order phase transitions with kinked entanglement entropy and discuss in general the relation between the QNEC2-inequality and monotonicity of the Casini-Huerta c-function. We then focus on a specific example, the holographic dual of which is modelled by three-dimensional Einstein gravity plus a massive scalar field with one free parameter in the self-interaction potential. We study translation invariant stationary states dual to domain walls and black branes. Depending on the value of the free parameter we find crossover, second and first order phase transitions between such states, and the c-function either flows to zero or to a finite value in the infrared. We present evidence that evaluating QNEC2 for ground state solutions allows to predict the existence of phase transitions at finite temperature.

scholarly journals First-order phase transitions in repulsive rigid k-mers on two-dimensional lattices

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 064113 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Pasinetti ◽  
F. Romá ◽  
A. J. Ramirez-Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

scholarly journals Фазовые переходы и термодинамические свойства модели Поттса с числом состояний спина q=4 на треугольной решетке

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
А.К. Муртазаев ◽  
Д.Р. Курбанова ◽  
М.К. Рамазанов
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Binder Cumulants

The Wang-Landau Monte Carlo algorithm has been used to study the phase transitions and thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic q = 4 Potts model on a triangular lattice. A nature of phase transition has estimated using the methods of the fourth order Binder cumulants and the histogram analysis. It has been established that a first-order phase transition is observed in the model under study.

scholarly journals Cascade of phase transitions in a planar Dirac material

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kanazawa ◽  
Mario Kieburg ◽  
Jacobus J.M. Verbaarschot
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dirac Fermions ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Parity Breaking

Abstract We investigate a model of interacting Dirac fermions in 2 + 1 dimensions with M flavors and N colors having the U(M)×SU(N ) symmetry. In the large-N limit, we find that the U(M) symmetry is spontaneously broken in a variety of ways. In the vacuum, when the parity-breaking flavor-singlet mass is varied, the ground state undergoes a sequence of M first-order phase transitions, experiencing M + 1 phases characterized by symmetry breaking U(M)→U(M − k)×U(k) with k ∈ {0, 1, 2, · · · , M}, bearing a close resemblance to the vacuum structure of three-dimensional QCD. At finite temperature and chemical potential, a rich phase diagram with first and second-order phase transitions and tricritical points is observed. Also exotic phases with spontaneous symmetry breaking of the form as U(3)→U(1)3, U(4)→U(2)×U(1)2, and U(5)→U(2)2×U(1) exist. For a large flavor-singlet mass, the increase of the chemical potential μ brings about M consecutive first-order transitions that separate the low-μ phase diagram with vanishing fermion density from the high-μ region with a high fermion density.

Investigation of Phase Transitions in the Site-Diluted Three-Dimensional Potts Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 687-690
Author(s):  
A.K. Murtazaev ◽  
A.B. Babaev
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Potts Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Correlation Radius ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Nonmagnetic Impurities ◽  
Wolff Algorithm ◽  
First Order Phase

The phase transitions and critical phenomena in three-dimensional (3D) site-diluted 3-and 4-state Potts models is investigated by Monte-Carlo method based on the highly efficient Wolff algorithm. The systems with linear sizesL=20-44 at spin concentrationsp=1.00, 0.95, 0.90, 0.80, 0.70, 0.65 are explored. The second-order phase transition is shown to occur in the three-dimensional 3-state Potts model with nonmagnetic impurities. In the 4-state Potts model there are observed first-order phase transitions in weakly diluted state, when the model is strongly diluted the first-order phase transitions change to the second-order one. On the basis of the finite-size scaling theory static critical exponents of specific heatα, susceptibilityγ, magnetizationβ, and exponent of correlation radiusνfor the systems under study are calculated.

scholarly journals Detecting Signals of Weakly First-order Phase Transitions in Two-dimensional Potts Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 034006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumpei Iino ◽  
Satoshi Morita ◽  
Naoki Kawashima ◽  
Anders W. Sandvik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Potts Models ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase
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