A High Speed Chronograph and its Application to the Time of Flight of Cosmic Rays

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
VC Officer
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Time Base ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
Delay Lines ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Recording Equipment

A high speed chronograph using a 20 turn spiral time base of 1 μsec. duration per turn 1s described, together with its video amplifiers, delay lines, radial deflection circuits, and recording equipment. The time of flight of cosmic ray mesons over a range of 5.45 m. has been detected using ordinary Geiger counters. and found to agree with the velocity of light within the accuracy of the experiment. A time lag of 2 x 10-8 sec. between the firing of a tray of counters shielded with 10 cm. of lead and the firing of a similar unshielded tray by extensive air showers has been accounted for. and the results shown to be consistent with the theoretical expectation that most of the shower particles arrive at the trays within a time <10-9 sec.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Monitoring at a Cosmic Ray Observatory - a long-lasting endeavour

2019 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Bianca Keilhauer
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring ◽  
Surface Detector ◽  
Planning And Construction

The Pierre Auger Observatory for detecting ultrahigh energy cosmic rays has been founded in 1999. After a main planning and construction phase of about five years, the regular data taking started in 2004, but it took another four years until the full surface detector array was deployed. In parallel to the main detectors of the Observatory, a comprehensive set of instruments for monitoring the atmospheric conditions above the array was developed and installed as varying atmospheric conditions influence the development and detection of extensive air showers. The multitude of atmospheric monitoring installations at the Pierre Auger Observatory will be presented as well as the challenges and efforts to run such instruments for several decades.

scholarly journals CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ICETOP/ICECUBE: STATUS AND RESULTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (39) ◽  
pp. 1230038 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSIO TAMBURRO
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Nuclear Composition ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Transient Events

The IceCube Observatory at the South Pole is composed of a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope buried beneath the icecap and a square-kilometer surface water Cherenkov tank detector array known as IceTop. The combination of the surface array with the in-ice detector allows the dominantly electromagnetic signal of air showers at the surface and their high-energy muon signal in the ice to be measured in coincidence. This ratio is known to carry information about the nuclear composition of the primary cosmic rays. This paper reviews the recent results from cosmic-ray measurements performed with IceTop/IceCube: energy spectrum, mass composition, anisotropy, search for PeV γ sources, detection of high energy muons to probe the initial stages of the air shower development, and study of transient events using IceTop in scaler mode.

scholarly journals ARE NEUTRAL GOLDSTONE BOSONS INITIATING VERY ENERGETIC AIR SHOWERS AND ANOMALOUS MULTIPLE-CORE STRUCTURE AS A COMPONENT OF COSMIC RAYS?

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUL BARSHAY ◽  
GEORG KREYERHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Goldstone Boson ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Goldstone Bosons ◽  
High Energies

We consider two recently accentuated, unusual empirical results concerning cosmic-ray events at high energies. We show that the possibility for a correlated explanation is provided by new dynamics which arises from collisions of a neutral Goldstone boson as a component of the highest-energy cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Homola ◽  
Dmitriy Beznosko ◽  
Gopal Bhatta ◽  
Łukasz Bibrzycki ◽  
Łukasz Bratek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Partially Observable ◽  
Photon Interactions ◽  
Detection Strategies

The Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a newly formed, global collaboration dedicated to observing and studying cosmic rays (CR) and cosmic ray ensembles (CRE): groups of a minimum of two CR with a common primary interaction vertex or the same parent particle. The CREDO program embraces testing known CR and CRE scenarios, and preparing to observe unexpected physics, it is also suitable for multi-messenger and multi-mission applications. Perfectly matched to CREDO capabilities, CRE could be formed both within classical models (e.g. as products of photon-photon interactions), and exotic scenarios (e.g. as results of decay of Super Heavy Dark Matter particles), their fronts might be significantly extended in space and time, and they might include cosmic rays of energies spanning the whole cosmic ray energy spectrum. CRE are expected to be partially observable on Earth even if the initiating interaction or process occurs as far as ~1 Gpc away. They would have a footprint composed of at least two extensive air showers with correlated arrival directions and arrival times. Since CRE are mostly expected to be spread over large areas and, because of the expected wide energy range of the contributing particles, CRE detection might only be feasible when using available cosmic ray infrastructure collectively, i.e. as a globally extended network of detectors. Thus, with this review article, the CREDO Collaboration invites the astroparticle physics community to actively join or to contribute to the research dedicated to CRE, and in particular to share any cosmic ray data useful for the specific CRE detection strategies.

scholarly journals ARIANNA: Measurement of cosmic rays with a radio neutrino detector in Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
The Antarctic

The ARIANNA detector aims to detect neutrinos with energies above 1016 eV by instrumenting 0.5 Teratons of ice with a surface array of a thousand independent radio detector stations in Antarctica. The Antarctic ice is transparent to the radio signals caused by the Askaryan effect which allows for a cost-effective instrumentation of large volumes. Several pilot stations are currently operating successfully at the Moore’s Bay site (Ross Ice Shelf) and at the South Pole. As the ARIANNA detector stations are positioned at the surface, the more abundant cosmic-ray air showers are also measured and serve as a direct way to prove the capabilities of the detector. We will present measured cosmic rays and will show how the incoming direction, polarization and electric field of the cosmicray pulse can be reconstructed from single detector stations comprising 4 upward and 4 downward facing LPDA antennas.

scholarly journals Physics Potential of a Radio Surface Array at the South Pole

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Physics Potential ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Mass Dependent ◽  
Near Future

A surface array of radio antennas will enhance the performance of the IceTop array and enable new, complementary science goals. First, the accuracy for cosmic-ray air showers will be increased since the radio array provides a calorimetric measurement of the electromagnetic component and is sensitive to the position of the shower maximum. This enhanced accuracy can be used to better measure the mass composition, to search for possible mass-dependent anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays, and for more thorough tests of hadronic interaction models. Second, the sensitivity of the radio array to inclined showers will increase the sky coverage for cosmic-ray measurements. Third, the radio array can be used to search for PeV photons from the Galactic Center. Since IceTop is planned to be enhanced by a scintillator array in the near future, a radio extension sharing the same infrastructure can be installed with minimal additional effort and excellent scientific prospects. The combination of ice-Cherenkov, scintillation, and radio detectors at IceCube will provide unprecedented accuracy for the study of highenergy Galactic cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Piotr Homola ◽  
Dmitriy Beznosko ◽  
Gopal Bhatta ◽  
Łukasz Bibrzycki ◽  
Michalina Borczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Photon Interactions ◽  
Detection Strategies ◽  
Primary Interaction

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a newly formed, global collaboration dedicated to observing and studying cosmic rays (CR) and cosmic-ray ensembles (CRE): groups of at least two CR with a common primary interaction vertex or the same parent particle. The CREDO program embraces testing known CR and CRE scenarios, and preparing to observe unexpected physics, it is also suitable for multi-messenger and multi-mission applications. Perfectly matched to CREDO capabilities, CRE could be formed both within classical models (e.g., as products of photon–photon interactions), and exotic scenarios (e.g., as results of decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter particles). Their fronts might be significantly extended in space and time, and they might include cosmic rays of energies spanning the whole cosmic-ray energy spectrum, with a footprint composed of at least two extensive air showers with correlated arrival directions and arrival times. As the CRE are predominantly expected to be spread over large areas and, due to the expected wide energy range of the contributing particles, such a CRE detection might only be feasible when using all available cosmic-ray infrastructure collectively, i.e., as a globally extended network of detectors. Thus, with this review article, the CREDO Collaboration invites the astroparticle physics community to actively join or to contribute to the research dedicated to CRE and, in particular, to pool together cosmic-ray data to support specific CRE detection strategies.

scholarly journals Observation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with the Telescope Array experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02122
Author(s):  
Ryuji Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Hybrid Detector

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a longstanding mystery. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECR by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays. TA is a hybrid detector comprised of three air fluorescence stations which measure the fluorescence light induced from cosmic ray extensive air showers, and 507 surface scintillator counters which sample charged particles from air showers on the ground. We present the cosmic ray spectrum observed with the TA experiment. We also discuss our results from measurement of the mass composition. In addition, we present the results from the analysis of anisotropy, including the excess of observed events in a region of the northern sky at the highest energy. Finally, we introduce the TAx4 experiment which quadruples TA, and the TA low energy extension (TALE) experiment.

scholarly journals Upper limit on the fraction of the cosmic ray flux from a separable source in the energy interval (1017 -1019 eV), estimated using data from the Yakutsk array

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Anatoly Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Yakutsk Array ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Uniform Background ◽  
Using Data

Arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the equatorial system, detected with the Yakutsk array in the energy range (1017 -10 19 eV), are re-analyzed using a new approximation for the zenith angle distribution of the event rate of extensive air showers (EAS). While the null hypothesis cannot be rejected based on the data used here, an upper limit on the fraction of cosmic rays from a separable source in the uniform background is derived as a function of declination and energy.

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