scholarly journals Identification of the Cat Attractants Isodihydronepetalactone and Isoiridomyrmecin from Acalypha indica

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Scaffidi ◽  
Dave Algar ◽  
Björn Bohman ◽  
Emilio L. Ghisalberti ◽  
Gavin Flematti
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Behavioural Activity ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Acalypha indica is a herb that grows throughout the tropical regions of the world. As well as being exploited for medicinal use, the roots of this plant are known to elicit a drug-like effect in cats. Recent research into feral cat control on Christmas Island has investigated whether a preparation of the roots of A. indica might be effective in traps to attract feral cats. However, the volatile nature of the attractants made it unviable for use in traps for more than a few days. In this study, we investigated the volatile components emitted by the plant roots and identified two iridoid compounds, (4R,4aR,7S,7aR)-isodihydronepetalactone and (4R,4aS,7S,7aR)-isoiridomyrmecin, which are known to affect behavioural activity in cats. Synthesis of standards confirmed the stereochemistry of both compounds emitted by the plant. Potential application of these compounds in feral cat control is discussed.

A bait-suspension device for the control of feral cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Algar ◽  
R. I. Brazell
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Target Specificity ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Age And Sex

The use of poison baits is an effective method for controlling feral cats. However, take of baits by non-target animals may place those animals at risk of poisoning and also reduces the availability of baits to the target animal, feral cats. Therefore, techniques that reduce non-target take of baits are desirable. Earlier trials have suggested that suspending baits might prevent most non-target animals from removing the baits while maintaining their attractiveness and availability to feral cats. This paper assesses the efficacy of a bait-suspension device to provide a relatively simple means of controlling feral cats (across age and sex classes). In addition, it confirms the high target specificity of the bait-delivery mechanism on Australia’s Christmas Island, where non-target species would have posed a problem with baits laid on the ground. The technique may have potential application on other islands where similar non-target species are threatened by baiting programs or at specific sites on the mainland where aerial or on-track deployment of feral cat baits may pose an unacceptable risk to non-target species.

scholarly journals Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Zonglei Liang ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Wu Dai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Trap Field ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Xestocephalus Van Duzee is among the most common and widespread genera of Cicadellidae in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. In the present study, 205 specimens of the genus Xestocephalus were collected in Thailand, whereas only a single species of the genus was recorded previously using Malaise trap field sampling, studied by comparative morphology. Seventeen species were recognized, including twelve new species: X. binarius sp. nov., X. chrysanthemum sp. nov., X. cowboyocreus sp. nov., X. densprint sp. nov., X. dimiprocessus sp. nov., X. exproiecturus sp. nov., X. gracilus sp. nov., X. limpidissimus sp. nov., X. malleus sp. nov., X. nonattribus sp. nov., X. recipinams sp. nov., and X. tenusis Liang sp. nov. Four species were recorded in Thailand for the first time: Xestocephalus abyssinicus Heller and Linnavuori, Xestocephalus asper Linnavuori, Xestocephalus ishidae Matsumura, and Xestocephalus toroensis Matsumura. Detailed morphological descriptions of all 17 species are given; photographs of external habitus and male genitalia of the species from Thailand are provided. A checklist of species of the genus is also given, and a key to all Thailand Xestocephalus species is also provided.

scholarly journals High Diversity in Urban Areas: How Comprehensive Sampling Reveals High Ant Species Richness within One of the Most Urbanized Regions of the World

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
François Brassard ◽  
Chi-Man Leong ◽  
Hoi-Hou Chan ◽  
Benoit Guénard
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Ant Diversity ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The continuous increase in urbanization has been perceived as a major threat for biodiversity, particularly within tropical regions. Urban areas, however, may still provide opportunities for conservation. In this study focused on Macao (China), one of the most densely populated regions on Earth, we used a comprehensive approach, targeting all the vertical strata inhabited by ants, to document the diversity of both native and exotic species, and to produce an updated checklist. We then compared these results with 112 studies on urban ants to illustrate the dual roles of cities in sustaining ant diversity and supporting the spread of exotic species. Our study provides the first assessment on the vertical distribution of urban ant communities, allowing the detection of 55 new records in Macao, for a total of 155 ant species (11.5% being exotic); one of the highest species counts reported for a city globally. Overall, our results contrast with the dominant paradigm that urban landscapes have limited conservation value but supports the hypothesis that cities act as gateways for exotic species. Ultimately, we argue for a more comprehensive understanding of ants within cities around the world to understand native and exotic patterns of diversity.

scholarly journals A survey on the process of knowledge representation of the small banana farmers (Musa spp.) in mangaratiba, rj

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. e7
Author(s):  
Emanuele Nunes de Lima Figueiredo Jorge ◽  
Sérgio Thode Filho ◽  
Cláudio Miceli de Farias
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Domain Information ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

The banana, the world's most widely produced and commercialized fruit, is grown in all tropical regions of the world, being strongly present in local businesses and subsistence crops serving as an important source of nutrients for the poorest populations. In the state of Rio de Janeiro it is commonly found in hillside and difficult access areas, where most other crops would not be able to settle and, because of this, is grown with inadequate management or insufficient, resulting in low productivity in the areas of Rio de Janeiro. The objective of the present work is to carry out a survey of smallholder information from the Vale do Rio Sahy Association in Mangaratiba, RJ, to enable the representation of knowledge in this domain. From the data collected in this research, it was realized that producers have been engaged in this activity for a long time. However, it was found that the knowledge used to production is extremely tacit, without systematization. The variety of banana species (Musa spp.) grown in the production area of the association's small farmers. The knowledge transfer process knowledge to the knowledge base of an expert system is called knowledge acquisition, where it involves extract all the knowledge from the source of the specialists to systematically represent in a coded form the domain information in an appropriate medium. It was observed, even if preliminarily, that this knowledge are not represented in a database for consultation. Thus, there is a need to define human expertise or producers capable of representing in a technological way data that can be conveniently accessed for Problem solving. In view of the evidence presented in the research, the use of representation of human knowledge (small local producers) to feed and train the system according to the domain presented. Thus, enabling the prototype to help understand climate and soil variables and collaborate in decision making.

scholarly journals Greenhouses – urban biodiversity hotspot of alien Oribatida (Acari) species

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mateusz OSZUST ◽  
◽  
Ziemowit OLSZANOWSKI ◽  
Marta PRZYMUSZAŁA ◽  
d Aleksandra JAGIEŁŁO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Palm houses and other greenhouses, due to maintaining constant temperature and humidity, allow the cultivation in Europe of plants from different parts of the world, even from tropical regions. However, sometimes they are also a habitat for alien species of spiders, mites, insect, etc. These animals have been introduced accidentally with contaminated plants, seeds, seedlings, soil and thanks to stable conditions maintained in greenhouses, they may colonize these places. Example of arthropods, of which even tropical species occur in several greenhouses, are oribatid mites – minute saprophagous arachnids that mostly inhabit soil. In Europe they are represented by about 2,000 species, while worldwide – over 10,000 taxa were described. The aim of this research was to investigate the selected greenhouses for the biodiversity of oribatid mites and the presence of non-native species. In total, 49 taxa were recorded, including 23 alien species (for example, a Neotropical taxon Galumna hamifer, or Oriental Suctobelbella parallelodentata). These results confirm that greenhouses are the places of occurrence of many alien oribatid species. The obtained results may be used in future research on the biology of poorly known tropical mites.

scholarly journals Herpetofauna of an Atlantic rainforest area (Morro São João) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Almeida-Gomes ◽  
Davor Vrcibradic ◽  
Carla C. Siqueira ◽  
Mara C. Kiefer ◽  
Thaís Klaion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Janeiro State

We studied the herpetofaunal community from the Atlantic forest of Morro São João, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and present data on species composition, richness, relative abundance and densities. We combined three sampling methods: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys and pit-fall traps. We recorded sixteen species of amphibians and nine of reptiles. The estimated densities (based on results of plot sampling) were 4.5 ind/100 m2 for amphibians and 0.8 ind/100 m² for lizards, and the overall density (amphibians and lizards) was 5.3 ind/100 m². For amphibians, Eleutherodactylus and Scinax were the most speciose genera with three species each, and Eleutherodactylus binotatus was the most abundant species (mean density of 3.0 frogs/100 m²). The reptile community of Morro São João was dominated by species of the families Gekkonidae and Gymnophtalmidae (Lacertilia) and Colubridae (Serpentes). The gymnophtalmid lizard Leposoma scincoides was the most abundant reptile species (mean density of 0.3 ind/100 m²). We compare densities obtained in our study data with those of other studied rainforest sites in various tropical regions of the world.

Konopie siewne Cannabis sativa L. – jeden z najstarszych gatunków roślin użytkowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Strzelczyk ◽  
Ryszard Kaniewski
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Hemp

The species Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) includes fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa) and indian hemp (narcotic) (Cannabis sativa L. var. indica), differing in the level of cannabinoids, mainly Δ9THC, which in fiber hemp is below 0.2%. Fiber hemp is a plant widespread around the world, cultivated mainly for its fiber, used for a variety of purposes. The seeds are used in the food, cosmetic industries and birds food. The medicinal use of cannabis has been known for over 5,000 years. The pharmacological properties of the cannabinoids dominant in indian hemp make them useful in the treatment of various diseases. The presence of the psychoactive Δ9THC is controversial.

The Future of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Teaching and Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Lade ◽  
Paul Strickland ◽  
Elspeth Frew ◽  
Paul Willard ◽  
Sandra Cherro Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This chapter examines the ways in which teaching and training in tourism, hospitality and events have evolved and adapted to the contemporary demands of academia and industry. It explores the development of education in tourism, hospitality and events, the contemporary factors which influence teaching and learning, and discusses the rise of Massive Open Online Courses with a particular focus on their potential application within tourism, hospitality and events curriculum. The chapter concludes by providing an overview of Open Badges and their importance in education. At the time of writing, the world has been confronted by the Covid-19 global pandemic which has caused great disruption at all levels. The impact of Covid-19 is briefly addressed in this chapter as the enforcement of social distancing measures has led to a significant increase globally in online education.

Tropical genital and sexually acquired infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-254
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Granuloma Inguinale ◽  
The World ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk

Chancroid, Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and donovanosis (or Granuloma inguinale) are sexually transmitted infections caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis L1, L2, or L3 serotypes, and Klebsiella granulomatis, respectively. They are mostly prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, although LGV has become prevalent in men who have sex with men in the UK, and the rest of western Europe and northern America following epidemics that occurred in or after 2003. Nucleic acid amplification techniques have made the diagnosis more accurate and several oral antibiotic regimens are effective. This chapter also lists some other usually non-sexually transmitted parasitic infections that may affect the genitalia.

Microsatellite markers for Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) and other Cryptolestes species

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wu ◽  
F. Li ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
V. Stejskal ◽  
Z. Kučerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Library ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Species Markers

AbstractCryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831) is an important insect pest of stored products. Due to its broad host range, short life cycle, and high reproductive capacity, this species has rapidly colonized temperate and tropical regions around the world. In this study, we isolated 18 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from an enriched genomic library based on a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. These loci will be useful tool to better understand the genetic structure and migration patterns of C. ferrugineus throughout the world. The genetic parameters were estimated based on 80 individual C. ferrugineus from two natural populations. The results revealed that 18 loci were different polymorphic levels. The numbers of alleles ranged from 3 to 12, and eleven loci demonstrated polymorphic information contents greater than 0.5. The observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities ranged from 0.051 to 0.883 and 0.173 to 0.815, respectively. Five locus/population combinations significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We also demonstrated the potential utility of the C. ferrugineus microsatellites as population and species markers for four additional Cryptolestes species.

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