Photoluminescence from Chitosan for Bio-Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Pan ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Liuqun Gu ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Emission Wavelength ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Co2 Treatment ◽  
Mcf 7

Photoluminescent behaviours of chitosan were investigated. Photoluminescence can be observed from aqueous solution of chitosan, and CO2 treatment can improve the intensity of photoluminescence. The maximum emission is obtained with an excitation at ~336 nm, and the emission wavelength is dependent on the excitation wavelength with a longer excitation wavelength leading to a longer emission wavelength. The chemistry of chitosan before and after CO2 treatment was characterised; and the results reflect that carbamato anion is formed via the reaction between the amines and CO2, and is the fluorophore of the photoluminescence observed. Furthermore, chitosan was applied as an imaging agent for imaging MCF-7 cells using confocal microscopy. Blue and bright green imaging of the cells can be obtained via tuning the excitation and emission wavelength. Together with a low cytotoxicity reflected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide evaluation, fluorescent chitosan is promising for bio-imaging.

scholarly journals Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the autophagy, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of human breast cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831769756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Teng Zhong ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Hai-Jun Wang ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Tie-Suo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Mcf 7

Nowadays, although chemotherapy is an established therapy for breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on autophagy, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to detect the cell viability of six human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75-30, T47D, MDA-MB-435s, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231) treated with tunicamycin (5 µM), after which MCF-7 cells were selected for further experiment. Then, MCF-7 cells were divided into the control (without any treatment), tunicamycin (8 µ), BEZ235 (5 µ), and tunicamycin + BEZ235 groups. Cell viability of each group was testified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Western blotting was applied to determine the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway–related proteins and autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins. Monodansylcadaverine and Annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining were used for determination of cell autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells were divided into the control (without any treatment), tunicamycin (5 µM), cisplatin (16 µM), cisplatin (16 µM) + BEZ235 (5 µM), tunicamycin (5 µM) + cisplatin (16 µM), and tunicamycin (5 µM) + cisplatin (16 µM) + BEZ235 groups. Cell viability and apoptosis were also evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. In MCF-7 cells treated with tunicamycin, cell viability decreased significantly, but PEAK, eIF2, and CHOP were upregulated markedly and p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-MTOR were downregulated in dose- and time-dependent manners. In the tunicamycin + BEZ235 group, the cell viability was lower and the apoptosis rate was higher than those of the control and monotherapy groups. Compared with the cisplatin group, the tunicamycin + cisplatin group showed a relatively higher growth inhibition rate; the growth inhibition rate substantially increased in the tunicamycin + cisplatin + BEZ235 group than the tunicamycin + cisplatin group. The apoptosis rate was highest in tunicamycin + cisplatin + BEZ235 group, followed by tunicamycin + cisplatin group and then cisplatin group. Our study provide evidence that endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by tunicamycin could promote breast cancer cell autophagy and apoptosis and enhance chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Surfactant toxicity in a case of (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid herbicide intoxication

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 848-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hwang ◽  
JW Lee ◽  
JS Kim ◽  
HW Gil ◽  
HY Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Toxic Symptom ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Objective: Self-poisoning with (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) is a common reason for presentation to hospitals, especially in some Asian countries. We encountered a case of a 76-year-old woman who experienced unconsciousness, shock and respiratory failure after ingesting 100 mL MCPA herbicide. We determined whether the surfactant in the formulation was the chemical responsible for the toxic symptom in this patient. Design: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays were performed on human brain neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The expressions of 84 genes in 9 categories that are implicated in cellular damage pathways were quantified using an RT2 Profiler™ PCR array on a human neuronal cell line challenged with polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether (PTE). Setting: Pesticide intoxication institute in university hospital. Interventions: Extracorporeal elimination with intravenous lipid emulsion. Measurements: Cell viability and gene expression. Main Results: In the MTT assay, MCPA only minimally decreased cell viability even at concentrations as high as 1 mM. Cells treated with 1-methoxy-2-propanol, dimethylamine and polypropylene glycol exhibited minimal decreases in viability, whilst the viability of cells challenged with PTE decreased dramatically; only 15.5% of cells survived after exposure to 1 µM PTE. Similarly, the results of the LDH cytotoxicity assay showed that MCPA had very low cytotoxicity, whilst cells treated with PTE showed incomparably higher LDH levels ( p < 0.0001). PTE up-regulated the expressions of genes implicated in various cell damage pathways, particularly genes involved in the inflammatory pathway. Conclusions: The surfactant PTE was likely the chemical responsible for the toxic symptom in our patient.

scholarly journals TiO2 BEADS FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF HUMIC ACID IN PEAT WATER

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winarti Andayani ◽  
Agustin N M Bagyo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Degradation of humic acid in aqueous solution containing TiO2 coated on ceramics beads under irradiation of 254 nm UV light has been conducted in batch reactor. The aim of this experiment was to study photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in peat water. The irradiation of the humic acid in aqueous solution was conducted in various conditions i.e solely uv, in the presence of TiO2-slurry and TiO2 beads. The color intensity, humic acid residue, conductivity and COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the solution were analyzed before and after irradiation.  The compounds produced during photodegradation were identified using HPLC. The results showed that after photocatalytic degradation, the color intensity and the COD value of the solution decreased, while the conductivity of water increased indicating mineralization of the peat water occurred. In addition, oxalic acid as the product of degradation was observed.

The effect of Deoxyelephantopin enhances Doxorubicin Sensitivity to MCF-7 Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 2791-2795
Author(s):  
Frengki Frengki ◽  
Deddi P. Putra ◽  
Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Daan Khambri ◽  
Vivi Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Doxorubicin Treatment ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Mcf 7

Deoxyelephantopin is a lactone sesquiterpene compound that shows toxic effects on some cancer cells, otherwise, it is safe on normal cells. The combination of chemotherapy with this compound is intended to determine its effect in increasing the sensitivity of chemotherapy to MCF-7 cancer cells. Cell viability was determined through the MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to determine the combined effect, while the number of cell deaths was determined through trypan blue staining. Giving deoxyelephantopin-doxorubicin combination to MCF-7 cells showed a synergistic effect with a CI < 0.7. The number of cells that died in the 1.52x and 2.12x combination treatments was higher than the single doxorubicin treatment each at IC50 and ½ IC50 concentrations, this confirms the synergistic effect of the combination. This research proves that deoxyelephantopin can increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of doxorubicin chemotherapy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

scholarly journals The Use of Activated Micronized Zeolite Clinoptilolite as a Possible Alternative to Antibiotics and Chestnut Extract for the Control of Undifferentiated Calf Diarrhea: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2284
Author(s):  
Constantin Cerbu ◽  
Vlad Alexandru Ilaș ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Adrian Valentin Potârniche ◽  
Elisa-Paz Bodart-Nieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Today, zeolite appears as an interesting alternative for the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the properties of activated micronized (5 microns) zeolite clinoptilolite (MZC) from Transylvania, Romania, first by testing it in vitro and then in vivo on calves with diarrhea. To assess the toxic potential of the MZC, we performed a cell cytotoxicity assay using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) technique on primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs). The antimicrobial activity of MZC was investigated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The uncontrolled in vivo study was carried out over 8 days on a fattening farm, with some 650 calves. Selected calves were randomly assigned to four groups of 20 individuals. Several combinations between MZC, chestnut extract, and oxytetracycline were tested. At the beginning of the study, all calves had diarrhea, while at the end of the study, the prevalence of diarrhea was significantly lower in all four groups (p < 0.001), including the ones treated with MZC. Due to its low cytotoxicity on the intestinal cells and with regards to the results we obtained in vivo, MZC may be considered an alternative for the symptomatic treatment of undifferentiated diarrhea in calves.

Fluorometric Method for Determination of 1,2-Unsaturated Aldehydes in Autooxidized Lipids with 2,4-Diaminotoluene

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-594
Author(s):  
Teruhisa Hirayama ◽  
Shinji Miura ◽  
Mariko Araki ◽  
Yoshiko Takeo ◽  
Tetsushi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Oleate ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Emission Wavelength ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Fluorometric Method ◽  
Unsaturated Aldehydes ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A simple fluorometric method has been developed to determine 1,2-unsaturated aldehydes in autooxidized lipids. 1,2- Unsaturated aldehydes were allowed to react with 2,4-diamlnotoluene in acidic condition and the products, 7-amlno-6- methylqulnoline derivatives, were determined by a fluorometric procedure at 394 nm (excitation wavelength) and 494 nm (emission wavelength). Finally, 1902.9, 1738.8, and 2149.2 μg/g of 1,2-unsaturated aldehydes as 2-propenal were detected in 20-h autooxidized methyl oleate, methyl llnoleate, and methyl llnolenate, which contained 98.5, 223.2, and 355.6 μg/g, respectively, of thlobarblturlc acid reactive substances as malondialdehyde. In a preliminary liquid chromatographic LC determination of 2-propenal In autooxidized lipids, 29, 20, and 57 μg/g, respectively, of 2- propenal were detected In 20-h autooxidized methyl oleate, methyl llnoleate and methyl llnolenate. The 2-propenal can be detected as 7-amlno-6-methylqulnoline by using LC-fluorometrlc procedure at levels of 100 pg.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI) Supported on Biochar for Chromium Remediation from Aqueous Solution and Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hongyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

Maize straw biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (MSB-nZVI) was prepared for efficient chromium (Cr) removal through alleviating the aggregation of zero-valent iron particles. The removal mechanism of MSB-nZVI was investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by MSB-nZVI was greatly affected by pH and initial concentration. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) decreased with increasing pH, and the removal kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. XRD patterns of MSB-nZVI before and after reaction showed that reduction and precipitation/co-precipitation (FeCr2O4, Fe3O4, Fe2O3) occurred with the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and Fe(0) to Fe(II)/Fe(III). The produced precipitation/co-precipitation could be deposited on the MSB surface rather than being only coated on the surface of nZVI particles, which can alleviate passivation of nZVI. For remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated saline–alkali soil (pH 8.6–9.0, Cr 341 mg/kg), the released amount of Cr(VI) was 70.7 mg/kg, while it sharply decreased to 0.6–1.7 mg/kg at pH 4.0–8.0, indicating that the saline–alkali environment inhibited the remediation efficiency. These results show that MSB-nZVI can be used as an effective material for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution and contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution with High Efficiency by Hydrothermal Biochar Derived from Honey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Hui Liao ◽  
Wenkun Zhu ◽  
Pingping Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Natural Honey

A novel natural honey hydrothermal biochar (HHTB) was prepared using natural honey as raw material. The as-prepared adsorbent was applied to adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solution and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the structure and morphology change of the adsorbent before and after Pb2+ adsorption. The influence of the pH, initial Pb2+ concentration, temperature, and contact time on the adsorption of Pb2+ was systematically investigated. The results revealed that the adsorption capacity for Pb2+ is up to 133.2 mg·g−1 at initial pH of 5.0 and adsorption temperature of 298 K. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Pb2+ on HHTB can be well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorbent had great selectivity for Pb2+ from the aqueous solution containing coexisting ions including Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. Furthermore, the adsorption of Pb2+ on HHTB was attributed to complexation coordination, where it involved hydroxyl and carboxylic groups on HHTB in the process of adsorption of Pb2+.

scholarly journals Synthesis, structural characterization, cytotoxicity and encapsulation studies of N,Nʹ-(1, 2-dicyano-1,2-vinylene)-bis(4-hydroxysalicylideneaminato) di(p-chlorobenzyl)tin as potential anticancer drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Nur Adibah Mohd Amin ◽  
Rusnah Syahila Duali Hussen ◽  
See Mun Lee ◽  
Kae Shin Sim ◽  
Suerialoasan Navanesan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Two new diorganotin(IV) complexes with the general formula (RC7H6)2Sn(L) (where RC7H6 = p-ClBn, C1; and p-FBn, C2) were prepared based on the reaction of 2,3-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene-amino)-maleic nitrile (L) with substituted dibenzyltin(IV) dichloride. The structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). They were tested against several cancer cell lines by using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. C1, which was most effective against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, was further investigated in formulation and encapsulation studies, including drug encapsulation efficiency, particle size, morphology and in vitro drug release. An encapsulation of about 90% was achieved with particles of 128 nm average diameter. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed a spherical shape for the encapsulated C1. The cumulative drug release over a period of 60 days in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 was 75%. Based on these results, the formulated drug has the potential of a slow release drug for cancer chemotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document