Mass Spectrometry Investigation of Glycosylation Aberration via De-N-Glycopeptide Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivekananda Shetty ◽  
Ramila Philip
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Proteomics Research ◽  
Disease Initiation ◽  
Branched Structures ◽  
Glycopeptide Analysis

Proteomics research on glycan alterations has received great attention owing to their implications in disease initiation and progression. Determination of the glycoprotein expression remains one of the most challenging tasks as the glycan residues in a given glycoprotein exist in complex branched structures and differ in linkage. In view of the vital role of glycan changes in cellular processes and disease progression, there has been an increased interest in developing methodologies for the detection of these changes. A subset of proteomics methods are discussed here that demonstrate the utility of the glycan-free de-N-glycopeptide analysis for the screening of complex glycoproteome as well as discovery of glycopeptide/glycoprotein biomarkers.

MiRNA-145 and Its Direct Downstream Targets in Digestive System Cancers: A Promising Therapeutic Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yini Ma ◽  
Xiu Cao ◽  
Guojuan Shi ◽  
Tianlu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Potential Strategy

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the onset and development of many diseases, including cancers. Emerging evidence shows that numerous miRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for cancers, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of malignant neoplasm. MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been considered to play certain roles in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, via modulating expression of direct target genes. Recent reports show that miR-145 participates in the progression of digestive system cancers, and plays crucial and novel roles for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge concerning the function of miR-145 and its direct targets in digestive system cancers. We discuss the potential role of miR-145 as valuable biomarkers for digestive system cancers and how miR-145 regulates these digestive system cancers via different targets to explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-145.

scholarly journals Determination of Mammalian Lignans in Biological Samples by Modified Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Bommareddy ◽  
Bhanu L Arasada ◽  
Duane P Mathees ◽  
Chandradhar Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flaxseed Meal

Abstract Lignans in flaxseed have been part of the human diet for centuries. In 1955, the isolation and structure of the lignan derivative secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) was reported. The biological role of SDG and mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone was initially reported 20 years later. Experimental evidences showed the beneficial effects of lignans on breast, colon, and thyroid cancer. A modified gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) assay was developed for lignans in serum and colon samples of rats fed flaxseed meal. The method developed for the analysis of metabolites involves extraction and derivatization of samples and quantitative analysis by selected ion monitoring using GC/MS. The levels of lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone were determined to be 0.013 and 0.23 M in serum samples and 0.008 and 1.63 M in colon samples.

Headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the rapid determination of possible biomarkers in urine samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 5784-5790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María González Paredes ◽  
Carmelo García Pinto ◽  
José Luis Pérez Pavón ◽  
Bernardo Moreno Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Analytical Strategies

The development of rapid analytical strategies plays a vital role for the research, discovery and confirmation of analytes that can be sensitive biomarkers.

Determination of lignans and isoflavonoids in human female plasma following dietary supplementation

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Morton ◽  
G Wilcox ◽  
M L Wahlqvist ◽  
K Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Soya Flour ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Asian Populations

Abstract Plasma levels of the lignans enterodiol and enterolactone, and also the isoflavonic phyto-oestrogens daidzein, equol and genistein, are reported for postmenopausal Australian women consuming a traditional diet supplemented with linseed, soya flour or clover sprouts. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, after enzymatic hydrolysis and ion-exchange chromatography. Following linseed supplementation, combined levels of enterolactone and enterodiol reached 500 ng/ml, whereas after soya flour or clover sprouts the respective concentrations of equol, daidzein and genistein reached 43, 312 and 148 ng/ml. Not all subjects were able to produce equol from daidzein. The possible relationship and role of these weak dietary oestrogens as restraining factors in the development of hormone-dependent cancers in Asian populations is discussed. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 251–259

scholarly journals Role of apoptosis and autophagy in tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. L218-L229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lam ◽  
Rohan Prabhu ◽  
Christine M. Gross ◽  
Lee Ann Riesenberg ◽  
Vinodkumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
First Line ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Rich History

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest known human diseases and is transmitted by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB has a rich history with evidence of TB infections dating back to 5,800 b.c. TB is unique in its ability to remain latent in an individual for decades, with the possibility of later reactivation, causing widespread systemic symptoms. Currently, it is estimated that more than one-third of the world’s population (~2 billion people) are infected with Mtb. Prolonged periods of therapy and complexity of treatment regimens, especially in active infection, have led to poor compliance in patients being treated for TB. Therefore, it is vitally important to have a thorough knowledge of the pathophysiology of Mtb to understand the disease progression, as well as to develop novel diagnostic tests and treatments. Alveolar macrophages represent both the primary host cell and the first line of defense against the Mtb infection. Apoptosis and autophagy of macrophages play a vital role in the pathogenesis and also in the host defense against Mtb. This review will outline the role of these two cellular processes in defense against Mtb with particular emphasis on innate immunity and explore developing therapies aimed at altering host responses to the disease.

scholarly journals Recent advances in software tools for more generic and precise intact glycopeptide analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. mcp.R120.002090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqian Cao ◽  
Mingqi Liu ◽  
Siyuan Kong ◽  
Mengxi Wu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Glycopeptide Analysis

Intact glycopeptide identification has long been known as a key and challenging barrier to the comprehensive and accurate understanding the role of glycosylation in an organism. Intact glycopeptide analysis is a blossoming field that has received increasing attention in recent years. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based strategies and relative software tools are major drivers that have greatly facilitated the analysis of intact glycopeptides, particularly intact N-glycopeptides. This manuscript provides a systematic review of the intact glycopeptide identification process using mass spectrometry data generated in shotgun proteomic experiments, which typically focus on N-glycopeptide analysis. Particular attention is paid to the software tools that have been recently developed in the last decade for the interpretation and quality control of glycopeptide spectra acquired using different MS strategies. The review also provides information about the characteristics and applications of these software tools, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and concludes with a discussion of outstanding tools.

Regulation of hemidesmosome dynamics and cell signaling by integrin α6β4

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa te Molder ◽  
Jose M. de Pereda ◽  
Arnoud Sonnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Integrin Α6β4

ABSTRACT Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are specialized multiprotein complexes that connect the keratin cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the skin, these complexes provide stable adhesion of basal keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane. Integrin α6β4 is a receptor for laminins and plays a vital role in mediating cell adhesion by initiating the assembly of HDs. In addition, α6β4 has been implicated in signal transduction events that regulate diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and survival. In this Review, we detail the role of α6β4 in HD assembly and beyond, and we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate its function.

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