scholarly journals Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Moad ◽  
Ezio Rizzardo ◽  
San H. Thang
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Reversible Deactivation ◽  
Modified Surfaces ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization ◽  
End Group

This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

scholarly journals Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Moad ◽  
Ezio Rizzardo ◽  
San H. Thang
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Reversible Deactivation ◽  
Modified Surfaces ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization ◽  
End Group

This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379–410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669–692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses and a diverse range of applications. Significant developments have occurred, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group removal and transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Moad ◽  
Graeme Moad
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Chain Length Distribution ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
End Group

Abstract Radical polymerization is transformed into what is known as reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization by the addition of a RAFT agent. RAFT polymerization enables the preparation of polymers with predictable molar mass, narrow chain length distribution, high end-group integrity and provides the ability to construct macromolecules with the intricate architectures and composition demanded by modern applications in medicine, electronics and nanotechnology. This paper provides a background to understanding the mechanism of RAFT polymerization and how this technique has evolved.

Living Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization) Using Dithiocarbamates as Chain Transfer Agents

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (21) ◽  
pp. 6977-6980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan T. A. Mayadunne ◽  
Ezio Rizzardo ◽  
John Chiefari ◽  
Yen Kwong Chong ◽  
Graeme Moad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Living Radical Polymerization ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Transfer Agents

scholarly journals Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization - RAFT

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
Milena Avramovic ◽  
Lynne Katsikas ◽  
Branko Dunjic ◽  
Ivanka Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Controlled Radical Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Chain Transfer Polymerization

The fundamentals of controlled radical polymerization are presented in this review. The paper focuses on reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The mechanism and specifics of this type of polymerization are discussed, as are the possibilities of synthesizing complex macro-molecular structures. The synthesis and properties of RAFT agents, of the general structure Z-C(=S)-S-R, are presented.

Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization of Semifluorinated (Meth)acrylates

Synlett ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Chen ◽  
Honghong Gong ◽  
Yu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Living Radical Polymerization ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Controlled Living Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer Polymerization ◽  
Semifluorinated Polymers

Fluorinated polymers are important materials for applications in many areas. This article summarizes the development of controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) of semifluorinated (meth)acrylates, and briefly introduces their reaction mechanisms. While the classical CRP such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) have promoted the preparation of semifluorinated polymers with tailor-designed architectures, recent development of photo-CRP has led to unprecedented accuracy and monomer scope. We expect that synthetic advances will facilitate the engineering of advanced fluorinated materials with unique properties.1 Introduction2 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization3 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization4 Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization5 Photo-CRP Mediated with Metal Complexes6 Metal-free Photo-CRP7 Conclusion

RAFT Polymerization of Monomers with Highly Disparate Reactivities: Use of a Single RAFT Agent and the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-block-vinyl acetate)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily A. Dayter ◽  
Kate A. Murphy ◽  
Devon A. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Styrene Polymerization ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
End Group

A single reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, malonate N,N-diphenyldithiocarbamate (MDP-DTC) is shown to successfully mediate the polymerization of several monomers with greatly differing reactivities in radical/RAFT polymerizations, including both vinyl acetate and styrene. The chain transfer constants (Ctr) for MDP-DTC for both these monomers were evaluated; these were found to be ~2.7 in styrene and ~26 in vinyl acetate, indicating moderate control over styrene polymerization and good control of vinyl acetate polymerization. In particular, the MDP-DTC RAFT agent allowed for the synthesis of block copolymers of these two monomers without the need for protonation/deprotonation switching, as has been previously developed with N-(4-pyridinyl)-N-methyldithiocarbamate RAFT agents, or other end-group transformations. The thermal properties of the block copolymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, and those with sufficiently high molecular weight and styrene composition appear to undergo phase separation. Thus, MDP-DTC may be useful for the production of other block copolymers consisting of monomers with highly dissimilar reactivities.

Synthesis of novel architectures by radical polymerization with reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT polymerization)

2003 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Moad ◽  
Roshan T.A. Mayadunne ◽  
Ezio Rizzardo ◽  
Mellissa Skidmore ◽  
San H. Thang
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Reversible Addition
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