The Neutron – The Curie Family's Legacy

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. White ◽  
Ailsa B. White
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Heavy Nucleus ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Neutral Particle ◽  
Nuclear Mass ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
James Chadwick

This article is concerned with the scientific developments that led to the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge in 1932. The Rutherford atom with a heavy nucleus and the problem of the ‘intra-nuclear’ electrons (needed to reconcile nuclear mass and charge) coupled with Marie Curie's discovery of radium as a prime example of natural radioactivity coming from the nucleus were key milestones. Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie–Joliot almost discovered the neutron in 1931. But the predisposition of the thinking in Chadwick's laboratory allowed conclusive identification of the emission of a heavy neutral particle to be published about a month after the Curie–Joliot experiment. Their Nobel Prize came a few years later with the discovery of artificial radioactivity.

A comparative study of cyclotron development at Cambridge and Liverpool in the 1930s

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
SHIZUE HINOKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
University Research ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
James Chadwick ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: This article describes the process of cyclotron development in Britain in the 1930s by focusing on the relationships between John D. Cockcroft, James Chadwick, and the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company, Ltd. There is a difference of about one year in the completion dates of the cyclotrons built by Cockcroft at Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory and by Chadwick at the University of Liverpool. This time discrepancy seems to be a consequence of the differing relationships the two men had with Met-Vick. Analysis of British cyclotron development points to three major changes that took place in scientific research: the emergence in university laboratories of researchers specializing in developing experimental instruments; alterations in the relationship between university research laboratories and companies; and the need for special funding sources to enable university laboratories to construct experimental instruments.

Contributions of Cambridge College Life to Structural Biology: Peterhouse as an Exemplar

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
John Meurig Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
College Life ◽  
University Life ◽  
Professional Research

How does university life add depth and quality and also opportunity to professional research? This is the key question discussed in this chapter. In answering it, the pre-eminent work of Aaron Klug and his cross-fertilizing interactions with his colleagues in the Cambridge College Peterhouse are analysed. Klug, who won the Chemistry Nobel Prize outright, made many revolutionary discoveries in structural molecular biology, especially the determination of the structure of viruses. He also devised new techniques in electron microscopy that are now of great importance in present-day research in molecular biology. Klug’s indebtedness to colleagues of Peterhouse, including Kendrew and Perutz, and his early mentor at the Cavendish Laboratory Lawrence Bragg, as well as a brief account of the current research pursued by members of Peterhouse and the famous confrontation in 1952 between Erwin Chargaff and Crick and Watson are also described.

scholarly journals The Discovery of the First Exoplanet Orbiting a Solar-Type Star

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Didier Queloz ◽  
Mejd Alsari
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Solar Type Star

Didier Queloz is Professor of Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory (University of Cambridge) and Geneva University. He was jointly awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”. In the first part of his conversation with Mejd Alsari he discusses the impact of his 1995 discovery on the theory of planetary systems formation.

Reminiscences and discoveries: Recollections of James Chadwick

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
James Chadwick

I first met Chadwick in the summer of 1933, when I was a visitor to Cambridge. He was then already famous for his discovery of the neutron. But he was the last person to become conceited as a result - his manner was, and always remained, matter-of-fact, if somewhat aloof. In physics he knew what he wanted to do and how to get it done. This is perhaps illustrated by a story which went around in Cambridge at the time. An experiment he was doing required observations late at night when it was quiet. But the gates which gave access to the Cavendish Laboratory were locked at night, so if he stayed late he could not get out. He know that any idea of a gate being kept open late, or of his being given a key, would be regarded as a shocking breach of tradition, and he did not try. Instead he had a camp bed brought to his office and spent the rest of the night there.

The Discovery of Dopamine Rewarded - The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Thomas Hedner ◽  
Anders Himmelmann ◽  
Lennart Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize
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