Wood Protection Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Spiroborate Esters Derived from Alkyl Tartrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M. Carr ◽  
Peter J. Duggan ◽  
David G. Humphrey ◽  
James A. Platts ◽  
Edward M. Tyndall
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Leaching Test ◽  
Cellulose Paper ◽  
Butyl Esters ◽  
Wood Protection

Four new tetra-n-butylammonium spiroborates derived from dimethyl, diethyl, di-iso-propyl and di-n-butyl esters of l-tartaric acid have been prepared and their potential as environmentally benign wood protectants investigated. These compounds showed good activity in a no-choice cellulose paper bioassay with Coptotermes acinaciformis termites. The hydrolytic stability of these spiroborates is not high relative to other spiroborates, yet the tetra-n-butylammonium spiroborate derived from di-iso-propyl-l-tartrate showed remarkable permanence in timber in a demanding leaching test.

scholarly journals Wood Protection Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Arylspiroborate Esters Derived from Naphthalene 2,3-Diol, 2,2'-Biphenol and 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M. Carr ◽  
Peter J. Duggan ◽  
David G. Humphrey ◽  
James A. Platts ◽  
Edward M. Tyndall
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Naphthoic Acid ◽  
Optimum Balance

In continuation of a program aimed at developing a boron-based, high performing and environmentally benign wood preservative suitable for outdoor use, three lipophilic tetra-n-butylammonium spiroborates, tetra-n-butylammonium bis[naphthalene-2,3-diolato(2-)-O,O′]borate 4, tetra-n-butylammonium bis[2,2′-biphenolato(2-)-O,O′]borate 5 and tetra-n-butylammonium bis[3-hydroxy-2-naphthoato(2-)-O,O′]borate 6 were prepared and tested. The higher molecular weight and lipophilicity of these borates compared with related borates previously examined correlates, in the case of 5 and 6, with significantly enhanced leach resistance while termiticidal activity has been maintained. The racemic spiroborate derived from 2,2′-biphenol 5, in particular, appears to be close to an optimum balance between ease of synthesis, solubility, hydrolytic stability and termiticidal activity.

scholarly journals Modification of Wood with Monoethanolamino-borate by The Data of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Irina Stepina ◽  
Irina Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Cellulose Materials

The difficulty of wood protection from biocorrosion and fire is due to the fact that modifiers in use are washed out from the surface of the substrate under the influence of environmental factors. This results in a rapid loss of the protective effect and other practically important wood characteristics caused by the modification. To solve this problem is the aim of our work. Here, monoethanolaminoborate is used as a modifier, where electron-donating nitrogen atom provides a coordination number equal to four to a boron atom, which determines the hydrolytic stability of the compounds formed. Alpha-cellulose ground mechanically to a particle size of 1 mm at most was used as a model compound for the modification. X-ray photoelectron spectra were recorded on the XSAM-800 spectrometer (Kratos, UK). Prolonged extraction of the modified samples preceded the registration of the photoelectron spectra to exclude the fixation of the modifier molecules unreacted with cellulose. As a result of the experiment, boron and nitrogen atoms were found in the modified substrate, which indicated the hydrolytic stability of the bonds formed between the modifier molecules and the substrate. Therefore monoethanolaminoborate can be considered as a non-extractable modifier for wood-cellulose materials.

-butyl esters and ethers of (,)-tartaric acid

Tetrahedron ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 4357-4362 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Uray ◽  
W. Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Butyl Esters

scholarly journals Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Füchtner ◽  
Sara Piqueras ◽  
Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Data Decomposition ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Different Origin

AbstractTo decarbonize the building sector, the use of durable wood materials must be increased. Inspiration for environmentally benign wood protection systems is sought in durable tree species depositing phenolic extractives in their heartwood. Based on the hypothesis that the micro-distribution of extractives influences durability, we compared the natural impregnation patterns of non-durable, but readily available Norway spruce to more durable Kurile larch by mapping the distribution of heartwood extractives with Confocal Raman Imaging and multivariate data decomposition. Phenolics of both species were associated with hydrophobic oleoresin, likely facilitating diffusion through the tissue. They accumulated preferentially in lignin-rich sub-compartments of the cell wall. Yet, the distribution of extractives was found not to be the same. The middle lamellae contained flavonoids in larch and aromatic waxes in spruce, which was also found in rays and epithelial cells. Spruce-lignans were tentatively identified in all cell types, while larch-flavonoids were not present in resin channels, hinting at a different origin of synthesis. Larch-oleoresin without flavonoids was only found in lumina, indicating that the presence of phenolics in the mixture influences the final destination. Together our findings suggest, that spruce heartwood-defense focuses on water regulation, while the more efficient larch strategy is based on antioxidants.

scholarly journals Coordination Compounds Featuring Non-Toxic Chiral 1,4-Dicarboxylic Acids and Copper(II)

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Marius Kremer ◽  
Jan van Leusen ◽  
Ulli Englert
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Mononuclear Complexes ◽  
Oxygen Coordination ◽  
Jahn Teller ◽  
Copper Cations

Six new coordination compounds of copper cations and 1,4-dicarboxylic acids have been synthesized and structurally investigated. Aspartic acid (H2asp), enantiopure, racemic and meso tartaric acid (H2tart), di-para-toluyltartaric acid (H2dptta) and dibenzoyltartaric acid (H2dbta) represent environmentally benign water-soluble proligands which may be deprotonated for oxygen coordination. Chelating ligands such as tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and 2-aminomethylpyridine (AMPY) efficiently reduce the dimensionality of the target compounds, and additional aqua ligands complete the coordination environments. In this line of argument, the discrete mononuclear complexes [Cu(AMPY)(asp)(H2O)] and [Cu(Hdbta)2(H2O)4] were obtained; for the latter, only a preliminary structure model can be presented which, however, agrees with the powder diffraction pattern of the bulk. From enantiopure and racemic tartaric acid and TMEDA the closely related chain polymers [CuII(H2tart)(TMEDA)(H2O)2)]n were obtained; the racemic compound consists of individual homochiral strands of opposite chirality. The high steric demand of di-para-toluyltartaric acid leads to one-dimensional [Cu(dptta)(EtOH)(H2O)2]n with coordinated ethanol (EtOH) in the distant Jahn–Teller site of the coordination sphere. Cu(II), meso-tartaric acid and TMEDA aggregate to a trinuclear coordination compound [CuII2CuI(H2tart)(Htart)(TMEDA)2]. Its peripheral cations show the expected Jahn–Teller geometry of Cu(II), but the unambiguous assignment of the oxidation state +I for central cation required susceptibility measurements: their results prove the presence of only two and only very weakly interacting divalent cations, separated by a diamagnetic center.

scholarly journals A Study of the Gut Bacterial Community of Reticulitermes virginicus Exposed to Chitosan Treatment

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Telmah Telmadarrehei ◽  
Juliet D. Tang ◽  
Olanrewaju Raji ◽  
Amir Rezazadeh ◽  
Lakshmi Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Termite Gut

A thorough understanding of microbial communities in the gut of lower termites is needed to develop target-specific and environmentally benign wood protection systems. In this study, the bacterial community from Reticulitermes virginicus was examined by Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) spanning the V3 and V4 regions. Prior to library preparation, the termites were subjected to five treatments over an 18-day period: three groups were fed on wood treated with 0.5% chitosan, 25% acetic acid, or water, the fourth group was taken directly from the original collection log, and the fifth group was starved. Metagenomic sequences were analyzed using QIIME 2 to understand the treatments’ effects on the dynamics of the gut bacteria. Four dominant phyla were detected: Bacteroidetes (34.4% of reads), Firmicutes (20.6%), Elusimicrobia (15.7%), and Proteobacteria (12.9%). A significant effect of chitosan treatment was observed in two phyla; Firmicutes abundance was significantly lower with chitosan treatment when compared to other groups, while Actinobacteria was lower in unexposed and starved termites. The results suggest that chitosan treatment not only affects the structure of the microbial community in the gut, but other treatments such as starving also cause shifts in termite gut communities.

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