Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Polymer Synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Sinnwell ◽  
Helmut Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
The Past ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Established Technique

In the past few years the use of microwave irradiation in polymer science has become a well-established technique to drive and promote chemical reactions. The main advantages of microwave heating are a strong reduction in reaction time and a high potential to contribute to green and sustainable chemistry. This article provides a short review of recent examples in the field of microwave-assisted polymer synthesis with special emphasis on radical polymerizations, step-growth polymerizations, ring-opening polymerizations, and polymer modifications.

Synthesis of Isothiocyanates: An Update

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
pp. 1746-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Eschliman ◽  
Stefan Bossmann
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Ethyl Chloroformate ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wittig Reactions

Isothiocyanates (ICTs) are a group of molecules that can be used for many different purposes, they exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The synthesis of isothiocyanates has been a focus of many researchers for nearly the past 100 years. One of the most common synthetic methods is to form a dithiocarbamate salt, either as the first step or in situ, and then treat the salt with a desulfurization agent to reach the isothiocyanate. There are many different desulfurization agents available. Among these, there are eleven in particular that will be discussed in this short review, namely thiophosgene, lead nitrate, ethyl chloroformate, hydrogen peroxide, triphosgene, iodine, cobalt, copper, sodium persulfate, claycop, and tosyl­ chloride. There are four additional particular methodologies that stand out from the literature available on this topic that will be covered, namely the production of isothiocyanates from hydroximoyl chlorides, via elemental sulfur, microwave-assisted synthesis, and through the tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig reactions.1 Introduction1.1 Metabolism of Glucosinolates2 Synthesis of Isothiocyanates2.1 Isothiocyanates from the Decomposition of Dithiocarbamate Salts2.2 Isothiocyanates from Hydroximoyl Chlorides2.3 Isothiocyanates Produced via Elemental Sulfur2.4 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Isothiocyanates2.5 Isothiocyanates via the Tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig Reactions3 Conclusion

scholarly journals Unique Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene: The Role of Shear Layer-Spherulites Layer Alternated Structure

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
Mingjin Liu ◽  
Jiaxu Luo ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xueqin Gao ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Propagation Behavior ◽  
Crack Propagation Behavior

With the development of polymer science, more attention is being paid to the longevity of polymer products. Slow crack growth (SCG), one of the most important factors that reveal the service life of the products, has been investigated widely in the past decades. Here, we manufactured an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sample with a novel shear layer–spherulites layer alternated structure using multiflow vibration injection molding (MFVIM). However, the effect of the alternated structure on the SCG behavior has never been reported before. Surprisingly, the results showed that the resistivity of polymer to SCG can be enhanced remarkably due to the special alternated structure. Moreover, this sample shows unique slow crack propagation behavior in contrast to the sample with the same thickness of shear layer, presenting multiple microcracks in the spherulites layer, which can explain the reason of the resistivity improvement of polymer to SCG.

ON "PLASTIC" WAVES IN SOLIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bowsher
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engineering Significance ◽  
The Subject

The study of the propagation of "plastic" waves in solids has reached a stage where it is necessary to consider which direction future research should take. In the past 90 or so years many experiments, mostly designed to elucidate certain points of engineering significance, and a few attempts at a theoretical study have cast some light on the subject and revealed it as one of formidable difficulty.Nearly all the experiments have of necessity relied on rather dubious theories for their interpretation, and part of the present paper will be devoted to a description of an apparatus which gives results capable of being interpreted with a very minimum of theory. The remainder of the paper is devoted to a short review of past work with particular emphasis on basic phenomena and to a brief discussion on the most pressing problems still remaining. The experiments described in the present paper bring to light a factor in the propagation of "plastic" waves that seems to have been overlooked in previous work.

Microwave-Assisted Polymer Synthesis: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 1739-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wiesbrock ◽  
Richard Hoogenboom ◽  
Ulrich S. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Microwave Assisted

scholarly journals Brief structural insight into the allosteric gating mechanism of BK (Slo1) channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
János Almássy ◽  
Péter P. Nánási
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gating Model ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Electrophysiological Measurements ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The big conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channel, also known as BK, MaxiK, Slo1, or KCa1.1, is a ligand- and voltage-gated K+ channel. Although structure-function studies of the past decades, involving mutagenesis and electrophysiological measurements, revealed fine details of the mechanism of BK channel gating, the exact molecular details remained unknown until the quaternary structure of the protein has been solved at a resolution of 3.5 Å using cryo-electron microscopy. In this short review, we are going to summarize these results and interpret the gating model of the BK channel in the light of the recent structural results.

Opportunities for organocatalysis in polymer synthesis via step-growth methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 164-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaury Bossion ◽  
Katherine V. Heifferon ◽  
Leire Meabe ◽  
Nicolas Zivic ◽  
Daniel Taton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Growth Methods

scholarly journals Synthesis of 2-(aminomethyl)aziridines and their microwave-assisted ring opening to 1,2,3-triaminopropanes as novel antimalarial pharmacophores

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias D’hooghe ◽  
Sara Kenis ◽  
Karel Vervisch ◽  
Carmen Lategan ◽  
Peter J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Microwave Assisted
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