Abnormal and Unusual Inflorescences of Taro, Colocasia esculenta (Araceae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ivancic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Flowering Ability

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) breeding success depends strongly on hybridisation. The main problem in artificial hybridisation of taro is the irregularity of flowering and the occurrence of abnormal floral structures. Abnormal inflorescences appear continually in cultivated and wild taro populations in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Their frequency and phenotypic expression are strongly influenced by the environment and cannot always be distinguished from unusual types which are influenced less or not at all by the environment. The frequency of abnormal inflorescences increases with the application of flower-inducing hormones which are frequently used in breeding programs. Abnormal and unusual inflorescences are classified into 16 groups. Several types can be efficiently used in hybridisation. Some of the genotypes characterised by unusual or abnormal floral traits represent a potential genetic source for future improvement of taro. They may be used as genetic markers, as the source of the genetic variation for ornamental characteristics or for the improvement of flowering ability.

Hirschmanniella miticausa. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Hirschmanniella miticausa Bridge et al. Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae Hosts: Taro (Colocasia esculenta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in OCEANIA, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, OCEANIA, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.

Dasheen bacilliform badnavirus. [Distribution map].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dasheen bacilliform badnavirus Viruses: Caulimoviridae: Badnavirus Hosts: Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium. Information is given on the geographical distribution in OCEANIA, Cook islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.

Effects of dasheen mosaic virus and a large bacilliform particle on the anatomy and ultrastructure of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 976-977
Author(s):  
B. D. Stein ◽  
M. S. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Port Moresby ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

Taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae) is a monocot grown as a starchy root crop in much of the tropics and subtropics. It is subject to a number of fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. Viral diseases have inhibited the cultivation of taro in parts of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands where taro is an integral part of the culture. Two different viruses, a Rhabdovirus, the Large Bacilliform Particle (LBP), and a smaller bacilliform virus, are the cause. Dasheen Mosaic Virus, a Potyvirus, has been found wherever taro is cultivated and produces a leaf mottle but is not lethal to plants.Colocasia esculenta cv K268 corms, infected with virus, were obtained from Michael Pearson, Department of Botany, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, New Guinea. Upon planting some of the corms produced leaves with virus symptoms. Others were symptomless but symptoms could be induced by stress.

Tarophagus proserpina. [Distribution map].

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tarophagus proserpina (Kirkaldy). Hemiptera: Delphacidae. Host: taro (Colocasia esculenta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Oceania (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu).

scholarly journals A New Breeding Strategy towards Introgression and Characterization of Stay-Green QTL for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Nasrein Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi ◽  
Hanan Abdeltwab ◽  
Ishtiag Abdalla ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
The Cost

Several marker-assisted selection (MAS) or backcrossing (MAB) approaches exist for polygenic trait improvement. However, the implementation of MAB remains a challenge in many breeding programs, especially in the public sector. In MAB introgression programs, which usually do not include phenotypic selection, undesired donor traits may unexpectedly turn up regardless of how expensive and theoretically powerful a backcross scheme may be. Therefore, combining genotyping and phenotyping during selection will improve understanding of QTL interactions with the environment, especially for minor alleles that maximize the phenotypic expression of the traits. Here, we describe the introgression of stay-green QTL (Stg1–Stg4) from B35 into two sorghum backgrounds through an MAB that combines genotypic and phenotypic (C-MAB) selection during early backcross cycles. The background selection step is excluded. Since it is necessary to decrease further the cost associated with molecular marker assays, the costs of C-MAB were estimated. Lines with stay-green trait and good performance were identified at an early backcross generation, backcross two (BC2). Developed BC2F4 lines were evaluated under irrigated and drought as well as three rainfed environments varied in drought timing and severity. Under drought conditions, the mean grain yield of the most C-MAB-introgression lines was consistently higher than that of the recurrent parents. This study is one of the real applications of the successful use of C-MAB for the development of drought-tolerant sorghum lines for drought-prone areas.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence Analysis of First Ross River Virus Isolate from Papua New Guinea Indicates Long-Term, Local Evolution

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alice Michie ◽  
John S. Mackenzie ◽  
David W. Smith ◽  
Allison Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Mean Time

Ross River virus (RRV) is the most medically significant mosquito-borne virus of Australia, in terms of human morbidity. RRV cases, characterised by febrile illness and potentially persistent arthralgia, have been reported from all Australian states and territories. RRV was the cause of a large-scale epidemic of multiple Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) from 1979 to 1980, involving at least 50,000 cases. Historical evidence of RRV seropositivity beyond Australia, in populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG), Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, has been documented. We describe the genomic characterisation and timescale analysis of the first isolate of RRV to be sampled from PNG to date. Our analysis indicates that RRV has evolved locally within PNG, independent of Australian lineages, over an approximate 40 year period. The mean time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the unique PNG clade coincides with the initiation of the PICTs epidemic in mid-1979. This may indicate that an ancestral variant of the PNG clade was seeded into the region during the epidemic, a period of high RRV transmission. Further epidemiological and molecular-based surveillance is required in PNG to better understand the molecular epidemiology of RRV in the general Australasian region.

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Elsinoe batatas. [Distribution map].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Caroline Islands ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
New Britain ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Elsinoe batatas (Saw.) Viegas & Jenkins. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Caroline Islands, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Guam, New Britain, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil (Sao Paulo, Bahia, Campinas, Algoinhas, Rio Grande).

Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus Viruses: Tenuivirus. Hosts: Rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei, Darussalam, China, India, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Nusa, Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, OCEANIA, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.

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