A Regeneration Protocol for Spinacia oleracea Using Gibberellic Acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Molvig ◽  
RJ Rose
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Optimum Procedure ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Regeneration Procedure ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A reliable plant regeneration procedure by organogenesis has been obtained for Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Hybrid 102. The optimum procedure utilises a sequence of three different media. Explants from sterile seedling cotyledons or hypocotyls are incubated for 4 weeks in the dark on medium containing 4.6 μM kinetin and 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The calli are then transferred to medium without 2,4-D but containing kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA3). From this point on, incubation is in the light. A number of passages (usually three) of 4-6 weeks are required on this medium for shoot formation to occur. Calli destined to form shoots usually first undergo some root proliferation ('rooty calli'). Shoots can be induced to form roots by transfer to hormone-free medium. It is suggested that GA3 stimulates the development of shoot primordia induced by 2,4-D. The presence of kinetin (but not 6-benzylaminopurine) results in more rapid shoot formation.

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IN GREEN PLANTS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (6) ◽  
pp. 673-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Waygood ◽  
K. A. Clendenning
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Tetragonia Expansa

Carbonic anhydrase was found in leaf extracts prepared from 19 of 22 land and aquatic plant species examined. The most active preparations were obtained from Spinacia oleracea L., Tetragonia expansa Thunb., Tropaeolum majus L., and Sambucus canadensis L. Carbonic anhydrase is located in the leaf cytoplasm. Previously conflicting observations concerning its intracellular localization have been reconciled experimentally. Plant carbonic anhydrase is strongly inhibited by M/1000 azide, M/1000 cyanide, and M/2000 sulphanilamide and is weakly inhibited by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diethyldithiocarbamate, and o-phenanthroline. The white zones of variegated Tradescantia leaves contain 50% less carbonic anhydrase than their green counterparts. Albino barley leaves contain 75% less carbonic anhydrase than normal barley leaves of the same size and age. The carbonic anhydrase content of green leaves kept in darkness for four and five days was lowered by 30–50%. Very young leaves contain less enzyme than mature leaves. These results are discussed in relation to the possible role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis.

Initiation and morphological development of somatic embryoids from barley cell cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kott ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Barley Cell

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.

scholarly journals Long-term Effect of Winter Gibberellic Acid Sprays and Auxin Applications on Crop Value of `Clausellina' Satsuma

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amílcar M.M. Duarte ◽  
Amparo García-Luis ◽  
Rosa Victoria Molina ◽  
Consuelo Monerri ◽  
Vicente Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A winter gibberellic acid (GA3) spray consistently reduced flower formation, but had a variable effect on the amount of first-grade fruit in the early harvest of `Clausellina' satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.), and in the long term these applications had no significant effect on the value of the crop. Auxin applications increased the amount of first grade-early harvested fruit, and increased crop value as compared to hand-thinned trees. No significant differences in yield or fruit grade could be found among the different auxin applications tried, namely an application of 20 mg·L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at flowering, or applications of 25 mg·L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 50 mg·L-1 2,4-dicholorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DP) at the end of fruitlet abscission. Apart from their effect on size, the auxin applications had only a marginal effect on fruit quality.

Tuber development, storage and germination in yams (Dioscorea spp.) in response to pre-harvest application of plant growth regulators

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda D. Wickham ◽  
H. C. Passam ◽  
L. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

SummaryWhen pre-harvest foliar applications of growth regulators were made to vines of Dioscorea esculenta cv. Chinese Yam and D. alata cv. White Lisbon there were no obvious effects on tubers of D. alata, but dramatic effects on tuber development, storage and germination were obtained with D. esculenta tubers. Gibberellic acid caused marked extensions in tuber dormancy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid resulted in marked callus development, delayed germination and abnormal shoot and root development and indole acetic acid resulted in fingering of the tubers. It was concluded that there was potential for commercial exploitation of pre-harvest gibberellic acid treatments in extension of dormancy in Chinese Yam tubers and that the lack of response of D. alata tubers to foliar application of growth regulators warranted further investigation.

Effects of growth regulators and controlled atmosphere on stored carrots

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
F. M. R. Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Large Size ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Better Than

SummaryPreharvest sprays with 6-hydroxy-3-(2H)-pyridazinone (MH), or immersion in solutions of MH, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), coumarin or (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) inhibited both sprouting and rooting of treated carrots during storage at 0 °C whencompared with water-dipped or untreated carrots, while N-6-benzyl-adenine (BA) dips stimulated extensive rooting and sprouting. In contrast, immersion in gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions had very little effect.Storage atmospheres containing 1, 2.5, 5 or 10% oxygen inhibited both sprouting and rooting but increased mould infection. Atmospheres containing 21% (air) or 40% oxygen reduced mould infection, but increased sprouting and rooting of stored carrots. Washing carrots in water before storage did not significantly affect mould infection, while washing in 0.5% clorox increased it. However, washing in water followed by immersion in MH inhibited both sprouting and rooting and also reduced mould infection. ‘Jumbo’ and large-size carrots stored better than medium and small carrots.

scholarly journals Role of plant growth regulators on shoot formation from bulb sacles of Lily Sorbonne

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

In this study, plant growth regulators included 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), picloram, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), at different concentrations were used individually or in combination to induce adventitious shoots from bulb scales of Lily Sorbonne. Morphological and physiological changes in shoot formation from bulb scales were analysed. The maximum number of shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D 1 mg/L, BA 1,5 mg/L, zeatin 0,2 mg/L and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 0,5 mg/L. The adventitious shoots were derived from parenchymal cells, which placed under epidermis cells. This process included the following stages: activation of cell division with large nucleus, thin-walled and without starch granules; initiating of meristematic region; formation of shoot primordium and shoot with leaves. Use of 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (1-NOA) and N-1-naphthoxyacetic acid (NPA), auxin transport inhibitors, showed the role of polar auxin transport in shoot formation. The correlation of plant hormone, respiration rate and shoot formation from bulb scales was discussed.

scholarly journals Maintenance of male sterile germplasm in Brassica rapa by in vitro propagation

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-D. GUO ◽  
T. NIEMELÄ ◽  
U. TULISALO
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

An efficient tissue culture system for plant regeneration, from mature cut branches, was established to maintain male sterile material in Brassica rapa L. The new-growth immature pods from the cut branches were used as explantsresults in callus initiation (37 calli from 25 explants) and shoot formation (17 shoots from 75 explants) than flower buds and branch stems. Auxin [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 to 5 mg l-1] and cytokinin [6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 2 to 4 mg l-1] were essential in callus and shoot formation, respectively. Callus initiation and shoot regeneration capacities were genotype dependent. The regenerated plants were male sterile and were used in breeding programs.;

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