Environmental Correlates of Tree Species Diversity in Stage III of Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMJS Bowman ◽  
JCZ Woinarski ◽  
KA Menkhorst
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
The Family ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus

A quadrat based survey that sampled across the environmental range of the geologically and topographically diverse Stage III of Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, revealed that the region has a tree flora dominated by the family Myrtaceae, and the genus Eucalyptus in particular. Principal components analysis (PCA) defined three axes of environmental variation: site rockiness, site hydrology and surface soil clay content. The three PCA axes were divided into halves and a 2x2x2 matrix was created to classify eight environments; however, there were quadrats in only seven of the eight possible environments. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVAs showed that there was significant variation of the following variables between the 7 environments: total basal area, tree species richness, proportion tree richness composed of eucalypt species, and proportion of eucalypt richness composed of the four subgenera Blakella, Corymbia, Eudesmia and Symphyomyrtus. Of the most abundant 25 tree species and other common eucalypts only five species (Allosyncarpia ternata, Eucalyptus bigalerita, E. clavigera, E. foelscheana and E. jacobsiana) did not have significant differences in their mean basal area between the seven environments. The above patterns are interpreted as evidence that the savanna is a highly evolved system rather than the product of geologically recent disturbance to a once widespread monsoon rainforest.

Soil clay content and fire frequency affect clustering in trees in South African savannas

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Groen ◽  
Frank van Langevelde ◽  
Claudius A.D.M. van de Vijver ◽  
Navashni Govender ◽  
Herbert H.T. Prins
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:In this paper, we investigate which factors determine tree clustering in Southern African savannas. This was tested by measuring clustering of trees using the T-squared sampling method in plots of the Kruger National Park experimental burning programme in South Africa. Fire return interval is the main treatment in these plots, but also several auxiliary determining parameters like clay content in the soil, diameter of tree canopies, understorey composition, tree species diversity and average annual rainfall were measured while sampling. In the Kruger National Park 48 plots distributed over four different landscape types and with three different burning treatments (never, once every 3 y and annually) were sampled. First, we related the clustering of trees to these environmental variables. When looking at the most abundant species in each plot, the analysis revealed that clustering is mainly correlated with clay content in the soil. This analysis also showed that fire frequency had a positive effect on the clustering of tree species that are not very abundant. We suggest that less abundant species might be less resistant to fire and therefore adopt a mechanism of clustering to exclude grass fires under their canopy. Finally, we tested the effect of clustering on the impact of fire on trees by analysing the relationship between the distance of a tree to its nearest neighbour and its canopy diameter. We found that clustering reduces the damaging effect of fire on trees. Our study contributes to understanding of savanna functioning by showing which processes are relevant in the distribution of savanna trees.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF TREE SPECIES IN THE IGUAÇU NATIONAL PARK

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Felipe Souza ◽  
Sebastião Amaral Machado ◽  
Franklin Galvão ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the environmental variable seffect on the distribution of tree species is of great importance, since it contributes to a greater efficiency on the management of forests and on the conservation of degraded areas. In order to identify these effects on native species from the western region of Paraná, 21 plots of 2,000 m2 were installed in the Iguaçu National Park. The plots were distributed along the altitude gradient, between 150 and 750 m, and in different positions of the drainage ramps, from the river banks to the plateau regions. After the data processing carried out by Canonical Correspondence Analysis, it was identified species that are distributed in the vegetation according to the variations of altitude, humidity, fertility, saturation by aluminum and soil clay content. Some species presented tolerance to the environmental variations, a typical characteristic of species of wide geographic occurrence.

scholarly journals Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Godlee ◽  
Francisco Maiato Gonçalves ◽  
José João Tchamba ◽  
Antonio Valter Chisingui ◽  
Jonathan Ilunga Muledi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Miombo Ecoregion

Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity found within southwestern Angolan woodlands by conducting a plot-based study in Bicuar National Park, comparing tree species composition and woodland structure with similar plots in Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found Bicuar National Park had comparatively low tree species diversity, but contained 27 tree species not found in other plots. Plots in Bicuar had low basal area, excepting plots dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga. In a comparison of plots in intact vegetation with areas previously disturbed by shifting-cultivation agriculture, we found species diversity was marginally higher in disturbed plots. Bicuar National Park remains an important woodland refuge in Angola, with an uncommon mosaic of woodland types within a small area. While we highlight wide variation in species composition and woodland structure across the miombo ecoregion, plot-based studies with more dense sampling across the ecoregion are clearly needed to more broadly understand regional variation in vegetation diversity, composition and structure.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamics in Treeline Ecotone of Langtang National Park, Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP Gaire ◽  
YR Dhakal ◽  
HC Lekhak ◽  
DR Bhuju ◽  
SK Shah
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Abies Spectabilis ◽  
The Impact

A study was carried out at the treeline ecotone (3,730m-3,950m asl) of Langtang National Park in central Nepal with an aim to document the impact of climatic warming on ecological chracteristics. Three sampling sites were selected at Chaurikharka and Lauribina, where no serious anthropogenic pressure was noticed. The nearest meteorological station has records of climatic warming in recent years. Six tree species and three shrub species belonging to seven families were enumerated from the study plots. The average basal area for tree species was found to be 20.56 m2 per ha while average tree density was found to be 734 trees per ha with Abies spectabilis as dominant species. The mean DBH (diameter at breast height) of tree species was found to be 15.8 cm (max. 115.5cm). Density of dead trees accounted 2 no. per ha with basal area 0.195m2 per ha. Average sapling and seedling density of tree species per ha was observed to be 1,590 and 831 respectively. The average sapling and seedling density of A. spectabilis was 255 and 350 per ha respectively. Similarly, average shrub density (per ha) for the area was found to be 9,609 no/ha. The stand character showed that there was high level of recruitment of A. spectabilis in the recent years. The presence of sapling and seedling of A. spectabilis at higher altitude showing linear relationship with canopy coverage indicated prospects for a gradual and upward shift of A. spectabilis with increased temperature. Key words: Abies spectabilis; regeneration; climate change; DBH DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4132Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 107-114

scholarly journals VEGETATION ANALYSIS AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF PLANTS AT MOUNT ENDUT FORESTED AREA, GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, BANTEN, JAVA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Edy Sambas ◽  
Cecep Kusmana ◽  
Lilik Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Tukirin Partomihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Forested Area ◽  
Sampling Locations

SAMBAS, E. N., KUSMANA, C., PRASETYO, L. B. & PARTOMIHARDJO, T. 2018. Vegetation analysis and population structure of plants at Mount Endut forested area, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Banten, Java,Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17 (1): 39–53. — Study of vegetation structure and species composition at Mount Endut was carried out by using transect and plot methods. Data of trees, saplings and seedlings were enumerated from four transects measuring 10 m × 2,000 m in four directions of slopes i.e. North, South, East and West. In total there were 180 species of trees and saplings belonging to 105 genera and 51 families. Tree density and basal area indicate the variation and the differences in each of the sampling locations. Density of saplings and abundance of seedlings tend to be low in locations with high density and basal areas at tree level. Tree species having higher Importance Value were Castanopsis acuminatissima, Schima wallichii, C. argentea, Quercus gemelliflora, and Altingia excelsa. Castanopsis acuminatissima, Garcinia rostrata, S. wallichii, Symplocos cochinchinensis, and Prunus arborea were saplings which had highest density, while Ophiorrhiza marginata, Cyathea contaminans, Pinanga coronata,C. acuminatissima, and G. rostrata were the most abundant listed seedlings at the study site. At least 27 tree species (21.91%) were recorded as relatively rare (presence represented by only 1–2 individuals), thus requiring special attention in the management of the area.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Distribution Pattern in a Myristica Swamp of Northern Kerala, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
K. A Sreejith ◽  
U. M Chandrashekara ◽  
T. K Nirmesh ◽  
V. B Sreekumar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Species Specific

Knema Phytosociological studies have been carried out in a Myristica swamp in Northern Kerala to reveal the composition and distribution pattern of different tree species. On the basis of IVI, the family Myristicaceae was dominant and the association is attenuata - Myristica malabarica -Holigarna arnottiana type. The species like Gymnacranthera canarica and Myristica fatua var. magnifica, which are believed to be the essential elements of Myristica swamps, are totally absent here. A total 403 individuals (gbh > 10.1 cm) were recorded with a basal area of 34.25 m2 ha-1 in 0.5 ha. area. Total number of species recorded was 28, which represent 21families in which Myristicaceae represents 48.18% of total IVI. Among two dominant species, Myristica malabarica prefer swampy area hence their number of individual shows decreasing trend when we move from the swamp while the second dominant species Knema attenuata showing a reverse trend and was completely absent in the first five quadrats where soil water content is too high. Species specific eco-physiological studies are required to understand the reasons for change in the distribution pattern of these dominant species.

scholarly journals Composition and structure of a lowland forest in the core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Azwar Anas ◽  
Kuswata Kartawinata ◽  
Nisyawati Nisyawati
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
New Information ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Shorea Leprosula

The objective of the study was to obtain data on composition and structure of the forest in the midsection of the Bukit Duabelas National Park core zone, designed to complement the existing data and  provide new information  potentials for the management of the park  core zone. The study was carried out in October-November 2012. Observations were made on plots of one hectare (100 m x 100 m), which was divided into 100 subplot, measuring 10 m x 10 m each. Enumeration  of tree species with  diameters ≥ 10 cm revealed that as many as 540 individuals were recorded, consisting of 89 species and 36 families, with a total  basal area of 30.837 m2 and  only three species of Dipterocarpaceae were registered. The forest had a low diversity as indicated by low species richness, much lower than in the  undisturbed lowland  primary forests in the Batang Gadis National Park in North Sumatra, where similarity was very low (5.9 %).  The forest in the plot was designated as the  Dacryodes rostrata- Shorea leprosula Association,  named after two species with highest importance values, thus the dominant. The structure and species composition pointed to the regenerating  forest after heavy disturbances.  The forest has been  undergoing  slow natural succession,  leading to  the formation of the forest similar to the original climax forest. Natural recovery through succession could be enhanced and assisted by means of ecological restoration, through planting of tree species characteristics of forests in Jambi, including  species of Dipterocapaceae, useful species having values to maintain the livelihood of the indigenous native tribe Suku Anak Dalam  and rare, endemic other species having  high conservation values. Tujuan studi  ini adalah  untuk memperoleh data tentang komposisi dan struktur hutan di bagian tengah zona inti Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas. Studi   dirancang untuk melengkapi data yang telah ada dan untuk menyajikan informasi baru yang berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pengelolaan zona inti taman nasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November 2012 dalam petak seluas satu hektare (100 m x 100 m), yang dibagi menjadi 100 anak-petak dengan ukuran masing-masing 10 m x 10 m.   Pencacahan pohon dengan diameter ≥ 10 cm  menghasilkan 540 batang, yang terdiri atas 89 jenis dan 36 suku, dengan luas bidang dasar total 30.837 m2 dan hanya tercatat  tiga jenis Dipterocarpaceae. Keanekaragaman jenis hutan rendah,  seperti  ditunjukan oleh  rendahnya kekayaan jenis, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan  hutan primer yang tidak terganggu di Taman Nasional Batang Gadis di Sumatra Utara, yang mempunyai  kesamaan hanya 5,9 % dengan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas.  Berdasarkan dua jenis dominan dengan nilai kepentingan tinggi, komunitas pohon dalam petak dinamakan Asosiasi Dacryodes rostrata- Shorea leprosula. Struktur dan komposisi jenis menunjukan status hutan sebagai hutan yang sedang beregenerasi setelah mengalami gangguan. Hutan sedang mengalami suksesi alami yang lambat menuju ke pembentukan hutan yang serupa dengan hutan klimaks aslinya. Pemulihan alami melalui suksesi dapat dipercepat dan dibantu dengan restorasi ekologi melalui penanaman jenis-jenis khas hutan alami Jambi, termasuk  Dipterocapaceae, jenis-jenis bermanfaat dan mempunyai nilai untuk keberlanjutan kehidupan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat asli Suku Anak Dalam dan jenis-jenis langka, endemik dan jenis lain yang mempunyai nilai konservasi tinggi.

scholarly journals Vegetation Composition and Biomass Production in Community Forest in Sikre VDC adjoining Shivapuri National Park, Kathmandu

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Sudip Pandey ◽  
Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Castanopsis Indica

The present study describes the structural and floral composition of the vegetation of Sikre Village Development Committee (VDC) at Shivapuri National Park. Systematic sampling technique was used to analyze the vegetation of the forest. A quadrat size of 10mx10m was plotted at respective point for tree study and within 5mx5m plots for shrubs and 1mx1m for herbs analysis. The study recorded a total of 18 tree species from 13 families in the forest area. Among the trees, Uttis (Alnus nepalensis D. Don) and Chilaune [Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth.] were the most dominant species. The major shrubs of the forest areas comprised of Yurilo (Hypericum uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don), Chutro (Berberis aristata DC.) and Angeri (Melastoma melabathricum L.). Among the herbs Bhui Amala (Phyllanthus freternus Webster), Unyu [Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott.] and Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.) were dominant ones in forest ground. The aboveground biomass of tree species was found to be 4021.41kg/ha in which Dhalne katus [Castanopsis indica (Roxb.) Miq.] constituted the large percent of biomass of the forest. The estimated resources demand and supply showed the annual deficit of 112.038t/yr and the carbon stock was calculated to be 2.01t/ha. The Shannon Index of diversity was highest for tree (2.33) followed by shrub (2.22) and herb (2.17) respectively. The density of cut stumps and the density of lopping were 184/ha and 216/ha respectively, which showed that the anthropogenic pressure on community forest was prominent. Key words: basal area; biomass; species diversity; systematic sampling DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4135Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 133-138

scholarly journals Stem Decay in Live Trees: Heartwood Hollows and Termites in Five Timber Species in Eastern Amazonia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Ana Alice Eleuterio ◽  
Maria Aparecida de Jesus ◽  
Francis E. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Hollow Trees ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Components Analysis

Research Highlights: Tree size and wood characteristics influenced the susceptibility of five Amazonian timber tree species to heartwood decay and colonization by termites. Termites occurred in the heartwoods of 43% of the trees, with Coptotermes testaceus the most abundant species. Background and Objectives: Hollows and rotten cores in the stems of living trees have ecological and economic impacts in forests managed for timber. The decision on whether to cut or maintain hollow trees in such forests must account for the susceptibility of different tree species to decay. We investigated tree and wood characteristics of living trees of five commercial timber species in the eastern Amazon that influenced the likelihood of heartwood decay and the occurrence of termite nests inside the rotten cores. Materials and Methods: We used Pearson’s correlations and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore relationships among tree basal area and hollow area. We used principal components analysis (PCA) to analyze the variation of wood anatomical traits, followed by a linear regression to explore the relationships between PCA scores, and heartwood hollow area. We used a logistic model to investigate if the probability the occurrence of colonies of C. testaceus inside tree cores varied with tree and species characteristics. Results: Heartwood hollow areas increased with stem basal area. Larger hollows were more likely to occur in species with higher vessel and ray densities, and smaller diameter vessels. Termites occurred in the hollows of 43% of the trees sampled, with C. testaceus the most common (76%). The probability of encountering termite nests of C. testaceus varied among tree species and was positively related to wood density. Conclusions: This study shows that given the increased likelihood of stem hollows and rotten cores in large trees, tree selection criteria in managed tropical forests should include maximum cutting sizes that vary with the susceptibility of different tree species to stem decay.

scholarly journals Species Diversity, Forest Community Structure and Regeneration in Banke National Park

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Napit
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Size Class Distribution ◽  
Class Distribution

Banke national park, located in Banke district of western Nepal with an area of 550 sq. km was established as the  tenth national park in 2010 A.D. Forest community structure, species diversity and natural regeneration were  studied in the Park. A total of 1067 plots at every interval of 200m were laid by line transect method for the study. In  each plot three concentric rings of radii of 10m, 5m, and 1m were laid down for the study of trees, shrubs/saplings  and herbs/seedlings respectively. The park was floristically rich with a total of 113 species of trees representing 57  genera and 28 families. Similarly 85 species of shrubs including climbers and 107 species of herbs including  herbaceous climbers, and grasses were recorded. The obtained results from the size class distribution of the trees  resembling inverse ‘J’ shape indicated the good regenerating capability of the forest in the park. Fifty eight species  of saplings and 40 species of seedlings of trees were recorded. From the quantitative study of the trees, the  dominant species was Shorea robusta based on IVI (important value index) values, which was followed by Terminalia  alata, Anogeissus latifolius, Mallotus philippinensis, etc. The total density stand (D) and basal area (BA) of the  park were 291.48 trees/ha and 21.13 m2/ha respectively. The highest density (D) and the basal area (BA) of S.  robusta was 46.07 trees /ha and 5.07m2/ha respectively. The species diversity index (H) of the tree species in BaNP  was 1.32, with species evenness (J) of 0.64 and index of dominance (C) of 0.08. A total of seven forest community  types were estimated in the Park. The size class distribution diagram of all trees showed right skewed (inverse J  shaped) pattern indicating a good regenerating capability of the forest. The regeneration of S. robusta, T. alata and  A. latifolius were higher in comparison to other tree species which was indicated by the higher seedlings and  saplings density of them. S. robusta was the dominant with saplings density of 200.49 / ha and seedlings density  of 27153.4 /ha.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 17-30

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document