Morphotypic Differentiation in the South-Western Australian Restiad Lyginia barbata R.Br (Restionaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Bell ◽  
JS Pate
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Reproduction ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Culm Density ◽  
Rhizome Morphology ◽  
Western Australian

Study of Lyginia barbata across its distribution range in south-western Australia identified five distinctive morphotypes, viz. a tall-culmed, densely tufted fire-sensitive obligate seeder (S morphotype), a tall densely tufted fire-resistant resprouter (R1), a short flexuose-culmed, tufted resprouter (R2), a weakly clonal, semi-tufted resprouter (R3) and a short-culmed, widely spreading clonal form (R4). There was little variation within a morphotype between habitat locations and no evidence of intergrading of cohabiting morphotypes. Morphotype-specific differences were observed in culm height, rhizome morphology, culm density and spikelet morphology. Differences in reproductive biology related to the time of first reproduction in juvenile recruits, spikelet number per male and female culm, ovule number per female culm and seed : ovule ratio. Differences of a physiological nature were observed in seedling growth rates and proportional biomass (dry matter) allocations to culms, rhizomes, spikelets and seeds. Comparative quantitative scorings of the above features according to concepts of r- and K-selection rated the S form strongly r-selected, the R4 form equally strongly K-selected and the other forms (R1, R2 and R3) intermediate and with the R1 form possibly more r-selected than the others. It is suggested that the data provide a basis on which future taxonomic decisions regarding the taxon might be made.

Herbage characteristics of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue and timothy pastures and their relationship with animal performance under upland conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Davies ◽  
T. E. H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Species

SUMMARYHerbage characteristics of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) pastures were obtained whilst rotationally grazed by ewes and their single lambs at a fixed stocking rate of 25/ha on an upland site (305 m O.D.) in mid-Wales. Drymatter production of cocksfoot averaged 32·1 kg/ha/day over the 3-year duration of the trial (1975·7) and was 13·3 kg/ha/day lower than that of the other three grass species. This resulted in a 8 kg/ha/day reduction in dry-matter intake on cocksfoot; this was significantly lower (P < 0·05) than that achieved on the other grasses, which were similar to one another around 36 kg/ha/day.In vitro digestibility of the herbage ranked in the order perennial ryegrass > timothy = cocksfoot > tall fescue. Intake of digestible organic matter (DOMI) was lower on cocksfoot than on perennial ryegrass and timothy. Differences were also detected in crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and sodium composition between species.Dry-matter intake was positively correlated with herbage growth rates (r = 0·95, P < 0·001) but not to digestibility of herbage on offer (r = 0·18). Both ewe and lamb live-weight gains were positively related to intake of dry matter and DOMI.Reference is made to comparative yield data between the grasses obtained under cutting trials. In the 2nd and 3rd harvest years (1967–1967) growth rates in the grazing experiment were 76, 61, 81 and 80% of the 66·2, 66·7, 67·8 and 65·0 kg D.M./ha/day obtained under a cutting regime on perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue and timothy swards respectively. This illustrates the danger involved in assessing the potential of grasses based on such information.The results are discussed in relation to the value of the species for use under grazing in the uplands.

Hybrid Bermudagrass compared with Kikuyu and common couch in coastal New South Wales. 1. Establishment, dry matter production and persistence

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Andrews ◽  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production

Four ecotypes of hybrid Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) were compared with common couch (C. dactylon) and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) at five sites in coastal districts of New South Wales. The sites were Grafton and Coaldale (Lat. 30�S), Mitchells Island (Lat. 32�S) and Richmond and Badgerys Creek (Lat. 34�S). Hybrid Bermudagrass ecotypes 6389 and 692 were established quickly at all sites while ecotypes 71 9 and 632 were satsifactory. Kikuyu was strong at all sites except Grafton but the rate of establishment of common couch was poor. At the frost-free sandy site of Mitchells Island, Bermudagrass ecotypes 719, 692, 6389, and 632 outyielded kikuyu by 75, 65, 65 and 35%, respectively. However, at Grafton and Coaldale, the highest yielding Bermudagrass ecotype, 719, had only 35% higher production than kikuyu. At the frost prone southern sites of Richmond and Badgerys Creek, the annual production of kikuyu was equal to that of ecotypes 719, 6389, 692 and 632. Common couch yields were equal to kikuyu at all sites except at Richmond. At Mitchells Island, the hybrid Bermudagrasses outyielded kikuyu in spring, summer and early autumn but in the late autumn kikuyu had equal and sometimes higher growth rates than the best Bermudagrasses. In winter, the growth of both species was negligible, although kikuyu, unlike the Bermudagrasses, did produce some new shoots at the base of the sward. Data on persistence under grazing were collected from only three of the sites but trends were similar to establishment. Ecotype 6389 had the highest persistence rating of the Bermudagrasses. Kikuyu failed at the poorly drained sandy site of Grafton but remained strong at the other sites. It was concluded that hybrid Bermudagrasses were of potential value for pastures in New South Wales, especially for sites with sandy soils and low frost incidence.

BEEF PRODUCTION ON PASTURE AND LUCERNE

1974 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
B.G. Croy ◽  
W.C. Weeda
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Successive Generations

In 1971-3 and 1972-4 two successive generations of Friesian male weaners were carried to slaughter on two self-contained farmlets, one all pasture, the other with half its area in pasture and half in lucerne. The pasture farmlet produced slightly less herbage dry matter than the pasture/lucerne farmlet. Average net hot carcass production was 922 and 829 kg/ha/yr respectively. The stocking rate was 4.85 animals/ha with an overlap of two generations from November to February. Herbage yields and animal intakes were estimated by before and after grazing cuts. The lucerne was grazed at a 40-day rotation in its growing season. To obtain high cattle growth rates, much stalk was left ungrazed, being 15 to 20% of the total dry matter standing before grazing above a height of 3 to 4 cm. Overall conversion efficiency of ingested forage was lower on the lucerne/pasture farmlet than on the pasture farmlet and it was also more variable on the former. With the grazing rotation and pressure adopted in this trial, bloat was no serious problem.

A comparison of sires of Suffolk and Dutch Texel breeds and ewes of Greyface, Suffolk Cheviot and Dutch Texel breeds in terms of food intake, prolificacy and lamb growth rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Johnston ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick ◽  
D. E. Lowe ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Lamb Growth

AbstractA comparison was made over 2 years of sires of Suffolk and Dutch Texel breeds and ewes of Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface), Suffolk Cheviot and Dutch Texel breeds in terms of food intake, prolificacy and lamb growth rates under a grass-based system of production. Suffolk Cheviot ewes consumed significantly more silage dry matter than the Greyface ewes in both years of the study. There was no overall difference between Greyface and Suffolk Cheviot ewes in terms of prolificacy. However lambs from Suffolk Cheviot ewes had a higher growth rate than lambs from Greyface ewes from birth to weaning in year 1 (P < 0·01). In the comparison of the three ewe breeds sired by Dutch Texel rams in year 2, Dutch Texel ewes produced a similar number of lambs to the other genotypes but had a higher incidence of difficult lambings, higher lamb mortality and consequently a lower number of lambs weaned. Purebred Dutch Texel male lambs had lower growth rates than crossbred Dutch Texel lambs (143 compared with 158 glday for lambs from Greyface ewes and 166 (s.e. 13.4) glday for lambs from Suffolk Cheviot ewes in year 1 and 183 compared with 251 and 248 respectively (s.e. 10.9) glday in year 2). Lambs sired by Suffolk rams had higher growth rates than those sired by Dutch Texel rams (252 compared with 224 (s.e. 5.4) glday) in year 2.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF FROKER OATS FOR FORAGE.: 1. DRY MATTER YIELDS AND GROWTH RATES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Froker) were grown to initial panicle emergence in three day/night temperature regimes; H (32/26 C), W (27/21 C), and C (21/15 C). At initial panicle emergence, some plants were transferred to the other regimes until complete panicle emergence. Plants grown continuously in the W regime reached initial panicle emergence in 34 days and complete panicle emergence in 42 days. These stages were reached about a week later in C regime and about 2 wk later in H regime. As compared with plants retained at one temperature to complete panicle emergence, moving plants at initial panicle emergence from H to W or C, or from C to H or W, decreased time to complete panicle emergence by 4 to 6 days. However, complete panicle emergence was delayed 4 to 5 days when plants were moved from W to C or H. Dry matter yields and growth rates (mg/pot/day) of plants grown continuously in the same regime to initial and to complete panicle emergence were highest, and similar, in the W and C regimes, but were significantly lower in the H. As compared with plants retained at one temperature to complete panicle emergence, changing at initial panicle emergence from H to W or C increased dry matter yields and growth rates at complete panicle emergence, whereas changing from W or C to H decreased these parameters. Yields and growth were changed very little by change from W to C or from C to W.

The growth and yield of tall and short sorghums in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Short Season

SUMMARYA Nigerian, long-season, sorghum produced 15 tons of dry matter/acre in about 155 days, but the grain yield was small (2000 lb/acre or 2242 kg/ha) because only part of the dry matter formed after heading went into the grain. In contrast, an American, short-season hybrid which formed only from one-half to one-third as much dry weight as Farafara, gave over 4000 lb of grain/acre (4484 kg/ha) in 100 days. A Nigerian sorghum of intermediate height and a long-season hybrid, produced by crosses between Nigerian varieties and an American, short-season sorghum, gave larger yields than the tall variety because they formed more heads/unit area and more grains/head.Crop growth rates of the three long-season sorghums sown in June increased to a peak in July, but declined sharply to very small values in September, and then increased again very rapidly at the end of September as heads emerged. The most important factors causing the decline were a decrease in radiation and a loss in dry weight from decay and detachment of dead leaves. An increase in radiation at the end of September and developmental changes associated with head emergence contributed to the increase in growth rates just before heading.A large proportion of the dry weight formed after heading in Farafara accumulated in the stem but a smaller proportion in the other long-season variety and the longseason hybrid. There was an inverse relationship between the increase in stem weight and the yield of grain. For large grain yields, sorghums are needed that will produce heads with sufficient grains to accommodate all the assimilate that the leaves produce at the end of the rains when crop growth rates are increasing.

scholarly journals Changes in muscularity with growth and its relationship with other carcass traits in three terminal sire breeds of sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Jones ◽  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
M. J. Young ◽  
B. T. Wolf ◽  
C. C. Warkup
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Negative Relationships

AbstractData were available for 160 sheep (50 Suffolk males, 50 Suffolk females, 40 Texel males and 20 Charollais males). One-fifth of animals within each breed and sex were slaughtered at each of 14, 18 or 22 weeks of age and two-fifths slaughtered at 26 weeks. After slaughter linear measurements were taken on the carcass. The left side of each carcass was then separated into eight joints and each joint dissected into lean, bone and fat. Five muscularity measures (three for the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, one for the hind leg and one for the whole carcass) and one of the shape of the LTL cross-section (depth: width) were calculated. With the exception of one measure for the LTL, muscularity increased with growth. Rates of increase in most measures were higher in Texels than in each of the other breeds, but were not different between the male and female Suffolks or between the Suffolk and Charollais lambs. Increases in most muscularity measures at a constant live weight were associated with increases in lean to bone ratio and carcass lean content. Associations with fat content were either non-significant or negative. Relationships with lean distribution were non-significant or weak. Correlations between the three measures of muscularity for the LTL were high. Correlations between the whole carcass measure and those within different regions were moderate to high in the Texels but lower in the Suffolk and Charollais breeds. The same was true for correlations between the LTL measures and hind leg muscularity. If muscularity throughout the carcass is to be described effectively, measures in more than one region may be required, particularly in the Suffolk and Charollais breeds.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HOST IN HITAM PUTIH TALK SHOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaliana Sari ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Negative Connotation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses about language use occurred by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study are male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The data are the utterances produced by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. This research focuses on the show broadcasted on October 2016 by taking 4 videos randomly. The objective of this study is to describe kinds of the language use uttered by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The findings showed that the kinds of language use consist of 6 parts. The dominant language use uttered by male host is expletive, because male’s utterances are frequently stated in a negative connotation. On the other hand, female host utterances are found in specialized vocabulary as the most dominant because female host has more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, and fashion, etc. Women also tended to talk about one thing related to the home and domestic activities. However, the representation of language use uttered by male and female are deficit, dominance and different. Keywords: Language Use, Gender, Talk Show

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: IV. THE NON-PROTEIN NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF THE MUSCLE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The non-protein nitrogenous constituents of muscle of migrating sockeye salmon were investigated. These constituents were found to be the same in both male and female fish and were present in approximately the same amounts in both sexes. The histidine content of the muscle in all fish decreased to one fifth of the original value during the early stages of the migratory journey and remained at the low level thereafter. Some of the other constituents changed to a smaller extent, usually increasing in the later stages of the migration. This was especially noticeable in female fish. However, the increase in the concentration of these constituents in the muscle was due to a decrease in the amount of muscle in the fish rather than to an increase in the amounts of the compounds themselves.

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