The Environments and Primary Production of Cushion Species at Mt Field and Mt Wellington, Tasmania

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cushion Plants ◽  
High Degree

Primary production of four species of alpine cushion plants were studied over a 2-year period. The climate of these areas was found to be severe but with a high degree of variability on a seasonal and yearly basis. The growing season at the higher altitude sites generally exceeded 6 months. Net above ground primary production of the four cushion species ranged from 282 to 709 g m-2 year-1. Reproductive effort fluctuated between species and years, ranging from 0 to 30% of net above ground production. Patterns in dry matter accumulation suggest no individual species would show consistently superior growth rates under present climatic conditions. Soil moisture and soil nutrient status was found to be similar between all sites. Altitude of the sites (830-1400 m) was found to be strongly correlated with the timing of flowering and/or seed set but appeared to have little effect on net primary production.

scholarly journals Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Liujun Xiao ◽  
Xiali Mao ◽  
Xiaowei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

Abstract The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.

scholarly journals Management of browse plants as drought fodder for sheep: a preliminary study

1996 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
S. Oppong ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
B.T. Bulloch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Hill

Two experiments were designed to provide practical guidelines to improve the effective use of browse plants as ruminant feed, especially during dry summers. The effects of planting stock and cutting management on forage yield and quality of Tangoio hybrid willow (Salix matsudana x alba), Kinuyanagi willow (Salix kinuyanagi) and erect dorycnium (Dorycnium rectum), a small leguminous shrub, were determined over one summer from 1- and 3-year-old trees. Experiment 1 was arranged as a 2×2 factorial with 2 species and 2 planting stock in 5 randomised complete blocks. Experiment 2 was also arranged as a split plot design with cutting heights allocated to main plots and species × frequency to sub-plots in 3 randomised complete blocks. At the hill country site (Ballantrae), the yields of Tangoio (66 g DM/tree) and Kinuyanagi (27 g DM/tree) were low, owing probably to the low soil nutrient status and the harsh climatic conditions. Poor regrowth after the summer harvest at Ballantrae suggested that willows can be utilised only once during the growing season in such environments. At the lowland site (Aokautere), Tangoio was higher yielding (P

scholarly journals Contribution of Litterfall to Aboveground Net Primary Production in Acacia hybrid Plantation, Northeast Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Tran Van Do
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Acacia Hybrid ◽  
One Year ◽  
Global Carbon

Carbon input to forest ecosystem is mainly from Net Primary Production (NPP), therefore estimating NPP becomes important to understand the global carbon cycle. In this study, allometry for aboveground biomass increment (ΔAGB) and litter trap technique for litterfall (LF) were used for estimating aboveground NPP in Acacia hybrid plantation, Northeast Vietnam. The experiment was conducted in a plot of 300 m2 (15×20 m) established in a 21 month old plantation and conducted in a duration of one year. Data were collected in 3 month intervals with a total of five field-measurements. The results indicated that LF and ΔAGB were seasonally dependent. Litterfall was highest (3.38 g m-2 day-1) during September-January (winter) and lowest (0.61 g m-2 day-1) during March-June (early summer). While ΔAGB was highest (7.7 g m-2 day-1) during June-September (summer) and lowest (2.3 g m-2 day-1) during January-March (winter). Total LF was 7.27 tones ha-1 year-1 and ΔAGB was 18.94 tones ha-1 year-1. The total aboveground NPP of Acacia hybrid plantation was 26.31 tones ha-1 year-1. It is concluded that LF plays an important role in soil nutrient cycling in Acacia hybrid plantation.

scholarly journals Soil nutrient status under different agro-climatic zones of Jammu region, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Sanjay- Swami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Available N

In the North Western Himalayas, particularly Jammu region, where 85% of people depend on agriculture and allied sectors, 70% of agriculture is rain-fed. Various factors, especially land use pattern and variations in climatic conditions affect the soil fertility and nutrient contents. However, information on essential nutrients in the soil across the region is meager. An attempt has been made to study the soil nutrient status under different agro-climatic zones of Jammu region. Seven hundred seventy surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from sub-tropical, intermediate and temperate zones of Jammu region were collected and analyzed for soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), CaCO3, CEC, available macro nutrients (N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). The results indicated large variation within the soils of each zone. The amount of all the available nutrients was more in the soils of temperate zone than those of other zones. The soils of sub-tropical zones were low in available N, P, S and Zn and to some extent in K. Organic matter content, clay and silt content of the soil vis-à-vis cation exchange capacity were found to be the main factors controlling the available nutrient content of the studied soils.

Recovery of net primary production in subalpine meadows of Mount St. Helens following the 1980 eruption

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Pfitsch ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Mount St Helens

The deposition of 5–10 cm of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens had no more effect than subsequent yearly weather fluctuations on the net primary production of subalpine meadows. The net primary production of areas subject to cold mudflows slowly increased as surviving plants resprouted through the eroded surface and has remained below that of tephra deposition areas. The net primary production of tephra deposition areas fluctuated dramatically (coefficient of variation = 40%) in the seven summers following the eruption. An inverse relationship between net primary production and nutrient concentration of individual species contributed to stability in aboveground nutrient pools from year to year. The dominant community members responded similarly to differences among years in summer precipitation, with little evidence of compensatory growth that would help stabilize community production. Tephra greatly inhibited seedling establishment. Species density (number of species per square metre) and diversity (H′) declined in a community having species that rely on sexual reproduction for persistence and also in experimental tephra addition plots in a more species-rich community. These results indicate that although the short-term effect of tephra deposition on net primary production was minor, the long-term consequence will be of community simplification, which will contribute to fluctuation in net primary production in response to yearly weather patterns.

scholarly journals Aboveground Net Primary Production at Acacia mangium Plantation in Northern Vietnam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nguyen Toan Thang ◽  
Vu Tien Lam ◽  
Dang Van Thuyet ◽  
Phung Dinh Trung ◽  
Pham Dinh Sam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Soil Nutrient Cycling

Net primary production (NPP) is an important index for understanding carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. In this study, aboveground NPP at Acacia mangium plantation was estimated basing on allometry for aboveground biomass increment (ΔM) and litter trap technique for litterfall (Lf). The experiment was conducted in two plots of 300 m2 each (15 × 20 m), established at a 21-month old plantation. Data were collected five times of 3-month intervals in a total duration of 357 days. The results indicated that Lf and ΔM were seasonal-dependent. Litterfall was highest (4.06 g m-1 day-1) during Sep-Jan (late rainy season, early winter) and lowest (1.10 g m-1 day-1) during Mar-Jun (early rainy season, early summer). While, ΔM was highest (13.51 g m-1 day-1) during Jun-Sep (rainy season, summer) and lowest (3.10 g m-1 day-1) during Jan-Mar (dry season, winter). Total Lf in a duration of 357 days was 9.69 tons ha-1 and ΔM was 27.71 tons ha-1, leading to total aboveground NPP of the present study plantation of 37.40 tons ha-1. It is concluded that aboveground NPP of acacia plantation was much higher than other forests of different types and ages around the world. Such difference indicates the importance of acacia plantation in soil nutrient cycling through litterfall decomposition and carbon sequestration through aboveground biomass increment.

scholarly journals Herbaceous Layer Net Primary Production of Oak-Hornbeam Forest: Comparing Six Methods of Assessment Based on the Seasonal Dynamics of Biomass Increments

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rawlik ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Galium Odoratum

AbstractProper estimation of the herb layer annual net primary production (ANPP) can help to appreciate the role of this layer in carbon assimilation and nutrient cycling. Simple methods of ANPP estimation often understate its value. More accurate methods take into account biomass increments of individual species but are more laborious. We conducted our study in an oak-hornbeam forest (site area 12 ha) dominated by beech in NW Poland during two growing seasons (2010 and 2011). We collected herb layer biomass from 7 to 10 square frames (0.6 × 0.6 m). We collected plant biomass every week in April and May and every two weeks for the rest of the growing season. We compared six methods of calculating ANPP. The highest current-year standing biomass (1st method of ANPP calculation) was obtained on May 15, 2010—37.8 g m−2 and May 7, 2011—41.0 g m−2. The highest values of ANPP were obtained by the 6th method based on the sum of the highest products of shoot biomass and density for individual species: 74.3 g m−2 year−1 in 2010 and 94.0 g m−2 year−1 in 2011. The spring ephemeral Anemone nemorosa had the highest share of ANPP with 50% of the total ANPP. Two summer-greens, Galeobdolon luteum and Galium odoratum, each had a ca. 10% share of ANPP. The best results of ANPP calculation resulted from laborious tracking of dynamics of biomass and density of individual shoots.

scholarly journals Estimating spatial variation in the effects of climate change on the net primary production of Japanese cedar plantations based on modeled carbon dynamics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247165
Author(s):  
Jumpei Toriyama ◽  
Shoji Hashimoto ◽  
Yoko Osone ◽  
Naoyuki Yamashita ◽  
Tatsuya Tsurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Changing Climate

Spatiotemporal prediction of the response of planted forests to a changing climate is increasingly important for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. In this study, we present a methodology for estimating spatially varying productivity in a planted forest and changes in productivity with a changing climate in Japan, with a focus on Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) as a representative tree species of this region. The process-based model Biome-BGC was parameterized using a plant trait database for Japanese cedar and a Bayesian optimization scheme. To compare productivity under historical (1996–2000) and future (2096–2100) climatic conditions, the climate scenarios of two representative concentration pathways (i.e., RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) were used in five global climate models (GCMs) with approximately 1-km resolution. The seasonality of modeled fluxes, namely gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem exchange, and soil respiration, improved after two steps of parameterization. The estimated net primary production (NPP) of stands aged 36–40 years under the historical climatic conditions of the five GCMs was 0.77 ± 0.10 kgC m-2 year-1 (mean ± standard deviation), in accordance with the geographical distribution of forest NPP estimated in previous studies. Under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the mean NPP of the five GCMs increased by 0.04 ± 0.07 and 0.14 ± 0.11 kgC m-2 year-1, respectively. The increases in annual NPP were small in the southwestern region because of the decreases in summer NPP and the small increases in winter NPP under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Under the RCP2.6 scenario, Japanese cedar was at risk in the southwestern region, in accordance with previous studies, and monitoring and silvicultural practices should be modified accordingly.

scholarly journals Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Liujun Xiao ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Chang ◽  
Yaoyao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

Abstract The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.

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