The Effect of Auxins and Antiauxins on Shoot-Bud Induction and Morphology in the Moss, Bryum atrovirens Will ex Brid

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Chopra ◽  
BD Vashistha
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Do So

The protonema of the moss Bryum atrovirens remains bud-free under ordinary cultural conditions on Nitsch's basal medium. Exogenously applied auxins (Indole-3-acetic acid; 2-4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; α-naphthaleneacetic acid and β-naphthoxyacetic acid) induced buds on protonemata, whereas antiauxins (Maleic hydrazide and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) failed to do so. Morphology of the gametophores depended upon the concentration of auxin in the medium. In general, normal leafy gametophores resulted at lower concentrations, and at higher levels of auxins morphology was adversely affected. Simultaneous application of 6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid advanced bud formation as well as increased bud number, but had no significant effect on the improvement of shoot morphology.

Callus formation and shoot bud differentiation in anther culture of Solanum surattense

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2524-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sinha ◽  
R. P. Roy ◽  
K. K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In anther culture of Solatium surattense, the Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.2 mg/L), indoleacetic acid or naphthaleneacetic acid (1.9 mg/L), and kinetin (2.2 mg/L) served as “callus-producing medium.” Histological and cytological observations indicated that the callus originated from the pollen grains. Synergistic action of kinetin (5.0 mg/L) and coconut milk (15%) in basal medium was able to induce differentiation of shoot buds either from the anthers directly or from the callus. Directly differentiating buds were formed by whole shoot bud morphogenesis of pollen. They were produced at a low frequency and showed presence of well-developed radicular and plumular regions. But the buds originating from callus lacked radicular ends. Root initiation in such buds was achieved by transferring them to basal medium. Cytological examination of the androgenic plantlets revealed a chromosomal series ranging from the haploid to the hexaploid with a few aneuploids.

scholarly journals Auxins Regulations of Branched Spike Development and Expression of TFL, a LEAFY-Like Gene in Branched Spike Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Wang Yue ◽  
Sun Fulai ◽  
Gao Qingrong ◽  
Zhang Yanxia ◽  
Wang Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Putative Homologue

Branched spike wheat is a hexaploid germplasm with branched rachis on its main rachises, and the crucial period for branched rachises occurrence and development is just after the two ridges stage of shoot apex. Natural [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3butyric acid (IBA)] and synthetic [(1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)] auxins were applied at this period to investigate the spike traits, seedling growth and photosynthesis related characters and expression of a putative homologue of the LEAFY in branched spike wheat. The four types of experienced auxins induced similar effects on these foresaid characters, although the impact extents were different among the auxins treatments. More branched rachis, spikelets, fertile florets and longer branched rachis were obtained in plants with IAA and IBA at 0.1 mM or NAA and 2,4-D at 1.0mM than those plants with no auxin treated. Auxin treatments also increased fresh and dry mass, photosynthetic pigment and parameters. TFL, a LEAFY-like gene was cloned in branched spike wheat and TFL mRNA expression was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Application of the auxins accelerated the rise in TFL expression during the periods of branched rachises occurrence and extension. The data supports the hypothesis that auxins play a central role in the regulation branched spike development and TFL might correlate with the development of branched rachises in branched spike wheat.

scholarly journals Shoot Generation and Callus Induction of Dioscorea hispida Dennst by Different Plant Growth Hormones and Basal Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Nor Hasima Mahmod ◽  
Zakiah Mustapha ◽  
Ahmad Hilman Ariffin Husni ◽  
Nurul Anisah Ishak ◽  
Hafsah Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Segments

Dioscorea hispida Dennst produces tuber which possess valuable medicinal properties but unsustainable harvesting has led to its reduction. The plant propagates slowly because of its low tuber sprouting rate. In average, Dioscorea hispida Dennst tubers took approximately 60 d to break dormancy and sprout. Hence, callus culture is proposed as a possible efficient type of culture for manipulation of this species.  In the present study, calli were induced from stem segments to evaluate callus culture potential of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Results indicate that the combination of 1 mgL-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mgL-1 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) in Gamborg (B5) medium improved callus multiplication and differentiation in the stem culture as opposed to those in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The findings from the present study provide the basis of callus culture protocol for stem explant of Dioscorea hispida Dennst with B5 being the more effective basal medium.

Embryo induction and plant regeneration of Callerya speciosa (Fabaceae) through anther culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilan Huang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kelie Li ◽  
Yunlu Fu ◽  
Zhiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Cultures

An in vitro protocol for Callerya speciosa (Champ.) Schot regeneration through embryogenesis was developed using the anthers as the explants. The late uninucleate stage of the microspore was optimal for the anther culture of C. speciosa. Embryonic callus was induced on a MS basal medium supplemented with 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 9.04 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Embryos were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BA and 0.5 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest percentage (16.7%) of embryos was achieved using the culture medium MS + 0.25 µM NAA + 1.1 µM BA. The highest percentage of embryos that developed into plants was 18.3%. However, haploid plants were not observed, which may have been due to the collection of the calli from the anther wall. The results presented here demonstrate the establishment of a highly efficient and rapid system for regenerating C. speciosa using anther cultures.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from leaf transverse thin cell layer derived-callus of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Huy ◽  
Bui Van The Vinh ◽  
Hoang Xuan Chien ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

No report on plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of P. vietnamensis has been previously published. In the present study, somatic embryogenesis via callus formation from cultures of leaf transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) was investigated. α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were added separately and in combination into the culture media. Explant necrosis or low callogenesis rates were observed when 1-mm wide leaf tTCLs were cultured on media with TDZ, BA, 2,4-D or NAA. On the other hand, calli were successfully induced from the tTCL explants cultured on medium supplemented with either 2,4-D and BA or 2,4-D and TDZ. Callogenesis was observed under both light and dark conditions. The highest callogenesis rate (100%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D in combination with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ in darkness after eight weeks of culture. White calli were cut into small pieces (1.0 x 1.0 cm dimension) and placed on MS media containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and TDZ at various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.5 mg l-1), and the best callus proliferation was recorded on medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ. Somatic embryogenesis, with a success rate of 53.3% and 35 embryos per explant, was achieved when calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ.

scholarly journals Production of callus mediated gynogenic haploids in winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Kurtar ◽  
A. Balkaya ◽  
M. Ozbakir Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Winter Squash ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Although haploids were successfully produced via irradiated pollen technique and anther culture in Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata, the haploidization efficiency is still low due to genotype dependence. Thus, as an alternative technique, the efficacy of the ovule culture was investigated. Ovules were extracted at different flowering time and then cultured on a solid MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce callogenesis and plant regeneration. The gynogenic response was influenced by the combination of plant growth regulators, genotype and culture time. The medium containing of 4.0 mg/l BAP + 0.05 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l TDZ provided the highest response at anthesis time. Plantlets were rooted and elongated on a solid MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 1.0 mg/l BAP. The ploidy observations of 122 plants revealed that 70 plants were haploid, 46 plants were diploid and the others were mixoploid.  

scholarly journals Effect of some factors on the growth and regeneration of cell suspension of Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Lê Kim Cương ◽  
Nguyễn Hồng Hoàng ◽  
Dương Tấn Nhựt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
A Cell ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Very High

Ngoc Linh ginseng also known as Vietnamese ginseng (Panax Vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) is a perennial medicinal plant. This plant is extremely rare and belongs to the Araliaceae family. Scientists are focusing on studies of Ngoc Linh ginseng nowadays. In this research, the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), Kinetin (KIN), mineral salt formulations and cultural conditions, pH, sucrose concentration, medium volume on cell suspension culture of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. were investigated. In addition, growth curves and the effect of several plant grow regulators including a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) on the regeneration of Ngoc Linh ginseng‘s cell suspension were also presented in this study. After 28 days in culture, the results showed that the best growth of a cell suspension of Ngoc Linh ginseng were obtained on ½MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l NAA, 50 g/l sucrose and the most suitable pH was 6.3. The acceptable medium volume for cell suspension growth was 30 ml. The growth curve of Ngoc Linh ginseng’s cell suspension showed that it should be subcultured at the beginning of the stationary phase approximately the 14th-16th day of culture. Ngoc Linh ginseng’s cell suspension exhibited the strongest growth at this time. When Ngoc Linh ginseng’s cell suspension was transferred to fresh medium, somatic embryos were formed in MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l NAA after 30 days culture. The results shown that the potential regeneration of cell suspension of Ngoc Linh ginseng is very high.

scholarly journals Simplified Regeneration Protocol for Cycas revoluta Thunb. Mature Zygotic Embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Rohangiz NADERI ◽  
Khadije MOHAISENI ◽  
Jaime A. TEIXEIRA DA SILVA ◽  
Mansour OMIDI ◽  
Behjat NADERI
Keyword(s):  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Rooted Plantlet ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cycas Revoluta

Mature zygotic embryos of Cycas revoluta Thunb. were used as explants to investigate direct and indirect organogenesis. Explants were incubated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (½ MS) basal medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators, singly or in combination (all at 0.5 mg l-1): 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Kin×2,4-D, BA×Kin and BA×2,4-D. Cultures were placed at a low light intensity (4 µmol m-2 s-1 PPFD). Adventitious shoot regeneration was observed in the presence of 0.5 mg l-1BA after 35 days. The highest number of direct and indirect shoots per zygotic embryo was 3.67 and 29.67, respectively. Roots were induced on indirect shoots by continuous culture on rooting medium (½ MS,‏ 0.1 mg l-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and hardened successfully in perlite. Each rooted plantlet with pinnate leaves and a primary tap root was individually isolated and acclimatized 185 days after the beginning of culture, with a 10% success rate.

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