Modern Pollen Rain From Forest Communities on the Robertson Plateau, New-South-Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Kodela
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Pollen Distribution

The modern pollen spectra for Eucalyptus forest and rainforest communities were investigated from 19 sites in the Robertson area on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. Cluster and discriminant analyses were applied to analyse pollen distribution from within and from outside warm temperate rainforest stands and tall open eucalypt forest stands. Pollen abundance is compared with a number of plant abundance estimates of taxa within forests to study pollen representation at the forest scale. Pollen of Doryphora, Polyosma, Pittosporum, Hymenanthera, Tasmannia, Asclepiadaceae and most rainforest taxa investigated are poorly represented, while sclerophyll and open-ground taxa, particularly Eucalyptus, are better represented. The pollen of many native taxa do not appear to be well dispersed, and local pollen is commonly outweighed by pollen from regional sources. Pollen representation varied between taxa and sites, with factors such as vegetation structure, plant distribution, topography and disturbance influencing pollen representation.

Vegetation and Modern Pollen Rain From the Barrington Tops and Upper Hunter River Regions of New South Wales

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Dodson ◽  
CA Myers
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
New South ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

Vegetation was mapped using existing maps, Landsat interpretation, aerial photograph interpretation and some verification by ground surveys. Twenty-five moss cushions were collected to identify pollen rain and pollen indicators of vegetation for use in fossil pollen interpretation. Eucalyptus (10%), Poaceae (4-10%), Casuarina (4-5%), Asteraceae (Tubuliflorae) (0-4%) and Cyperaceae (0-2%) were the general components in the pollen rain of the region. Subtropical rain forest was characterized by Backhousia and low values of a wide range of taxa. Cool temperate rain forest had Nothofagus values above 40% and Eucalyptus values below 20%. Subalpine grasslands had Poaceae values above 45%, Eucalyptus values below 15% and small quantities of Epacridaceae and Goodeniaceae pollen. Subalpine forest and wet eucalypt forest formations had very similar pollen representation and could be confused in pollen spectra. However, Monotoca, Banksia, Leptospermum pollen and fern spores were more common in the wet eucalypt forests. Dry eucalypt formations were characterized by 2-20% values of Bursaria, Callitris and Dodonaea as well as eucalypt values.

Comparison of Bird Counts From Pine Forest and Indigenous Vegetation.

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
PV Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Forest Habitats

Bird counts were taken in Feb., March and July 1975 in 4 native habitats, ranging from wet sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest to mallee (E. stricta)-heath on the Boyd Plateau, and two Pinus radiata habitats (20 yr and 40 yr) in the Jenolan State Forest, New South Wales, Australia. In each season the number of birds and the number of species was highest in the native forest habitats, lower in the pine habitats and least in the mallee-heath. The composition of native forest, pine forest, and mallee-heath bird communities shows considerable differences.

Humid to Arid to Subhumid Vegetation Shift on Pilliga Sandstone, Ulungra Springs, New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Dodson ◽  
R.V.S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vegetation Shift ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Shrub Steppe ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Open Forests

AbstractThe Pilliga Sandstone region of the northwest slope of New South Wales has a natural vegetation cover of sclerophyllous relatively closed to open forests with a largely heathy understorey, and a warm, subhumid and continental climate. Pollen analysis of spring-fed deposits gives a vegetation history extending from at least 30,000 yr B.P. to the late Holocene. Tree pollen became scarce after about 25,000 yr B.P. and an assemblage dominated by Chenopodiaceae, Liguliflorae, Tubuliflorae, and probably Poaceae developed. No similar assemblage is known from present pollen rain studies carried out in Australia. However, it clearly represents a treeless open shrub-steppe formation and therefore an arid or semiarid environment. The site thus provides evidence of an eastward late Pleistocene extension of the arid zone in Australia, and is the first full-glacial vegetation record between 20° and 35° latitude in Australia. The present vegetation cover did not become reestablished until the beginning of the Holocene, which raises questions about the form in which Pilliga Sandstone vegetation survived full-glacial conditions.

The fate of nitrogen fertilisers added to red gradational soils at Batlow, New South Wales, and its implications with respect to soil acidity

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Little
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

Red gradational soils at Batlow, in New South Wales, which are used for apple growing, have acid subsoils with exchangeable aluminium (Al) frequently in excess of exchangeable calcium (Ca). There is often inadequate Ca in the fruit cortex of post-harvest apples to maintain good fruit quality and this can lead to losses in cool-store. It is possible that Al in these acid subsoils has interfered with Ca uptake by the trees. The excessive use of nitrogenous fertilisers leads to soil acidity, and it was thought likely that this was exacerbating the subsoil acidity common in the district. In October 1992, soil analysis detected considerable ammonium in the surface 0·3 m at orchard sites at Batlow monitored for mineral nitrogen (N). This probably came from heavy spring dressings of fertiliser. One site examined in detail showed that about half of the ammonium had disappeared by January 1993, but a large nitrate envelope appeared with a peak at 0·6 m which in turn disappeared by April that year. This establishes that heavy applications of ammonium are nitrified, leached into the subsoil, and lost. Under such a high N regime, orchard soil profiles should be more acid than adjacent forest soils. However, it was found that the acidity of the surface soil was less, and the exchangeable Ca greater in the orchard soils, compared with soil profiles in the adjacent eucalypt forest, although amelioration of the subsoils had not occurred. Samples taken from representative sites at Batlow, at the 0–0·1, 0·1–0·2, and 0·3–0·4 m depths, were dosed with ammonium sulfate and leached with water in the laboratory for 23 days in a free-draining environment. Nitrate and ammonium were determined in the leachates. At the end of the experiment, the pH and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Mn were determined in the leached samples. Only the neutral surface soils were able to nitrify ammonium effectively and nitrification was positively correlated with pH, and with exchangeable Ca and Mg. From this it is argued that the acidity produced by the addition of ammonium sulfate or urea will be nitrified in the surface but the acidity produced will be neutralised, provided it is accompanied by an adequate dressing of lime. Ammonium tends to remain in the surface soil, but if leached, it will not be nitrified in the subsoil. Nitrate leached into the subsoil will not be acid-forming but, if denitrified, may help to reduce acidity. For this work, the soil pH was measured in 1 KCl. So that readers can refer this to the pH in 0·01 CaCl2, a relationship was established between the two measures.

Growth and Carbon Partitioning in Rainforest and Eucalypt Forest Species of South Coastal New South Wales, Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Barrett ◽  
JE Ash
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Canopy Species

Rainforest, ecotone and eucalypt forest species were grown for 22 weeks in glasshouse conditions under light, water and nutrient treatments. Plant biomass, leaf area and leaf biomass per plant increased in Eucalyptus sieberi, Eucalyptus fastigata, Pittosporum undulatum, Callicoma serratifolia, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Backhousia myrtifolia and Ceratopetalum apetalum at high irradiance (1230-1670 μ-mol PAR m-2 s-1). Both E. sieberi and E. fastigata inhabit the relatively high light environments of northern aspects, upper southern aspects and ridge tops in the gully systems of south coastal New South Wales. Callicoma serratifolia, P. undulatum and E reticulatus are pioneer species of the ecotone around rainforest patches, and B. myrtifolia and C. apetalum are rainforest canopy species. Mean plant biomass under high irradiance was ranked: eucalypt species > ecotone species and B. myrtifolia > C. apetalum. At low irradiance (200-530 μ-mol PAR m-2 s-1) the trend observed was reversed where rainforest canopy and ecotone species produced greater plant biomass. Plant response to different water and nutrient treatments under glasshouse conditions showed that, while the light environment primarily governed plant response, interaction between treatments occurred which resulted in maximum plant biomass at relatively high levels of soil moisture and nutrients. Carbon partitioning was used as an indication of relative response to light treatments. The proportion of plant mass partitioned to leaves did not change between experimental treatments. The magnitude of the response of leaf area ratio and specific leaf weight to light treatment, however, was ranked: eucalypt species > ecotone species > rainforest canopy species. This suggested that species naturally growing outside the rainforest canopy maximised leaf area in proportion to plant mass for a given irradiance, presumably to maintain high growth rates.

Collapse rates of hollow-bearing trees following low intensity prescription burns in the Pilliga forests, New South Wales

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Parnaby ◽  
Daniel Lunney ◽  
Ian Shannon ◽  
Mike Fleming
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
The Impact

Hollows in trees are recognized as a critical and threatened resource for a wide range of fauna in Australian forests and woodlands, yet little data are available on the impact of fire on hollow-bearing trees. We report an opportunistic, post-fire assessment of the proportion of burnt, hollow-bearing trees that collapsed in stands near roads following low intensity prescription burns in three areas of mixed eucalypt forest in the Pilliga forests. Mean collapse rates on 29 plots (40 by 50m), separated by burn Area, ranged from 14?26% for a total of 329 burnt hollow-bearing trees. Collapse rates on individual plots ranged from 0?50%. Collapsed, hollow-bearing trees were predominantly older, with 40% of senescent trees and 44% of live stags collapsing. The best predictor in models of tree collapse was the presence of a basal fire entry point. We cannot determine the extent to which collapse rates on our plots are representative of burnt areas away from containment roads due to sampling limitations, but they appear to be higher than those reported from wildfire and more intense prescription burns in southern Australia. Our results point to an urgent need for comprehensively designed studies to address the impacts of prescribed burns on hollow-bearing trees.

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