Inheritance of Resistance of Cowpea to Phytophthora vignae in Whole Plants, Cuttings and Stem Callus Cultures

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Bateman ◽  
JM Hinch ◽  
JE Ralton ◽  
AE Clarke ◽  
JA Mckenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Whole Plants

The inheritance of resistance of cowpea to Phytophthora vignae race 2 has been examined in seedlings from F1, F2 and backcross generations from crosses between a susceptible cultivar, cv. Poona, and a near-isogenic resistant cultivar, cv. Caloona. Resistance is dominant and controlled by a single gene (gene complex). A non-subjective method, based on comparison of the lengths of lesions produced on hybrid and parental seedlings after inoculation of cut epicotyls, was used to classify hybrid plants as resistant and susceptible. This method takes into account the variation in responses to infection between batches of plants assayed on different days. Two other criteria were used to indicate resistance: the presence of reddening responses, 3 days post-inoculation; and the ability of plants to recover 35 days after inoculation of cut epicotyls. Resistance is also expressed in excised leaves of rooted cuttings, and in stem callus derived from cv. Caloona and F1 plants.

INHERITANCE OF LOOSE SMUT RESISTANCE: II. INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE IN THREE BARLEY VARIETIES TO RACES 1, 2, AND 3 OF USTILAGO NUDA (JENS.) ROSTR.

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Metcalfe ◽  
W. H. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Race 2

The inheritance of resistance of the barley varieties Br. 5479–754, a derivative of Jet (C.I. 967), PR28, a derivative of C.I. 4966, and Valkie (C.I. 5748) to races 1, 2 and 3 of Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. was studied. The genes for resistance in all varieties were dominant in effect. Resistance to races 2 and 3 in Br. 5479–754 was due to a single gene and resistance to race 1 to duplicate genes. A single gene in PR28 controlled resistance to all three races. Valkie proved susceptible to race 2 and had single and independent genes for resistance to each of races 1 and 3. The genes for resistance to the various smut races in each variety was independent of those in the other two.The winter barley variety C.I. 4966 is a valuable new source of immunity to U. nuda.

Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Merkel ◽  
J. Reichling
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro studies on heavy metal tolerance in Sesbania grandiflora L

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Kadhim M. Ibrahim ◽  
Shaimaa A. Yousir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Whole Plants

Several experiments were carried out to study heavy metal tolerance in tissue cultures or whole plants of S. grandiflora., Callus was induced and maintained on modified Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium (MS) supplemented with (0.5)mg/l benzyl adenine and (2)mg/l 2,4-phenoxy acetic acid . Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr or Zn) were added to the culture medium at different concentrations as contamination agents. In order to asses the effect of these heavy metals on seed germination; seeds were sown in soil contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals for 3 weeks. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analysis of samples taken from whole plants and callus cultures. Results showed that callus fresh weight decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration in cultural medium. Germination percentages and plant heights increased over time. However, a reduction occurred in these parameters with increasing heavy metal levels. Percentages of metals accumulated in calli were (0.001, 0.011, 0.012 and 0.013%) at (0.0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1)mg/l Cd respectively; (0.001, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.006%) at (0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5)mg/l Co respectively; (0.001, 0.020, 0.034 and 0.015%) at (0.0, 0.075, 0.2 and 0.5)mg/l Cu respectively; (0.001, 0.013, 0.012 and 0.010%) at (0.0, 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5)mg/l Cr respectively and (0.027, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.056%) at (0.0 , 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5)mg/l Zn respectively. Percentages of metals accumulated in whole plants were (0.08, 0.55, 1.11, 0.83 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0)mg/Kg soil Cd respectively; (0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 0.47 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 15.0, 30.0 45.0 and 60.0)mg/Kg soil Co respectively; (0.01, 0.10, 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cu respectively. (0.08, 0.80, 1.28, 1.31 and 0.88%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cr respectively and (0.06, 1.11, 1.20, 1.83 and 2.22%) at (0.0, 100.0, 200.0, 300.0 and 400.0)mg/Kg soil Zn respectively.

THE INHERITANCE OF LOOSE SMUT RESISTANCE.: I. THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE IN FOUR BARLEY VARIETIES IMMUNE TO RACE 2 OF LOOSE SMUT

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Larter ◽  
H. Enns
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes

Four barley varieties, each immune to a Valki-attacking culture of loose smut (designated as race 2), were studied with respect to the inheritance of their resistance. Jet (C.I. 967) and Nigrinudum (C.I. 2222) were each found to possess two independent dominant genes determining resistance. Steudelli (C.I. 2266) proved to be immune to race 2 through the action of a single dominant gene, while resistance of Hillsa (C.I. 1604) was found to be conditioned by two complementary dominant genes. The absence of susceptible F3 families in crosses between Jet, Nigrinudum, and Steudelli indicated that these three varieties have in common a gene or genes for resistance to the race of smut used. The two complementary genes for resistance in Hillsa proved to be distinct from those of the other three varieties under study.The use of genetic analyses of disease resistance based upon classification of F3 families of the backcross to the resistant source is described and the merits of such a method are discussed.

Inheritance of Resistance to Race 2 of Cercospora sojina in Soybeans 1

Crop Science ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Probst ◽  
K. L. Athow ◽  
F. A. Laviolette
Keyword(s):  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
Race 2

scholarly journals Improved Selection with Newly Identified RAPD Markers Linked to Resistance Gene to Four Pathotypes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Common Bean

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
Henrique Menarim ◽  
Geraldo Assis de Carvalho ◽  
Trazilbo José de Paula ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Coupling Phase ◽  
Repulsion Phase ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Two Populations

Three F2 populations derived from crosses between the resistant cultivar AB 136 and the susceptible cultivar Michelite (MiA), and one F2 population derived from a cross between AB 136 and Mexico 222 (MeA), were used to identify markers linked to anthracnose resistance genes present in cultivar AB 136. Primer OPZ04 produced a DNA band (OPZ04560) linked in coupling phase to the resistance gene for pathotype 89 (8.5 ± 0.025 cM) in one population derived from the cross MiA. In the same population, primer OPZ09 produced one band (OPZ09950) linked in repulsion phase (20.4 ± 0.014 cM) to the same resistance gene. The simultaneous use of markers in coupling and in repulsion phases allowed the identification of the three genotypic classes. In the other two populations from cross MiA, OPZ04560 was linked in coupling phase to resistance genes for pathotypes 73 (2.9 ± 0.012 cM) and 81 (2.8 ± 0.017 cM). In population MeA, OPZ04560 was linked in coupling phase (7.5 ± 0.033 cM) to resistance to pathotype 64. These data suggest that a single gene or complex locus of linked resistance genes present in cultivar AB 136 confers resistance to all four pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum.

Effect of NaCl on the Growth of Whole Plants and Their Corresponding Callus Cultures

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Smith ◽  
JA Mccomb
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture ◽  
Whole Plants

The effect of NaCl on growth was examined for whole plants and callus cultures of a salt-sensitive glycophyte (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a salt-tolerant glycophyte (Beta vulgaris L.) and two halophytes (Atriplex undulata D. Dietr., which has salt glands, and Suaeda australis (R. Br.) Moq., a succulent). Whole plants were grown in nutrient solution culture at NaCl concentrations of 0.1-250 mM. Callus cultures were initiated from the same seed stock, and similar saline regimes were imposed. Whole plant responses were characteristic for the various types of plants: P. vulgaris showed a decrease in growth with increasing salinity; B. vulgaris showed a slight increase in growth at the intermediate salt level and a decrease at higher levels; A. undulata and S. australis showed well defined growth optima at 62.5 mM and 125 mM NaCl, respectively. Callus cultures of P. vulgaris and the two halophytes grew very poorly when salinity was increased. Callus of B. vulgaris showed the same tolerance to salt as did the whole plants. Thus salt tolerance of the halophytes depends on the anatomical and physiological complexity of the intact plant while callus from B. vulgaris appears to have a mechanism(s) of salt tolerance which operates at the cellular level.

Inheritance of resistance in cucumber to race 2 of Colletotrichum lagenarium

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Linde ◽  
W. C. Bridges ◽  
B. B. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Lagenarium ◽  
Race 2

scholarly journals Production of Tetraploid Somatic Hybrid Breeding Parents for Use in Lemon Cultivar Improvement

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tusa ◽  
J.W. Grosser ◽  
F.G. Gmitter ◽  
E.S. Louzada
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cell Chromosome

Allotetraploid somatic hybrid plants of `Hamlin' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Femminello' lemon (C. limon L. Burm. f.), and Milam lemon (purported hybrid of C. jambhiri Lush) + `Femminello' lemon were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis following protoplast fusion. `Hamlin' and Milam protoplasts were isolated from undeveloped ovule-derived embryogenic callus cultures and fused using a polyethylene glycol method with seedling leaf-derived protoplasts of `Femminello' lemon. Somatic hybrids were identified on the basis of leaf morphology, root-tip cell chromosome number, and electrophoretic analyses of phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucose mutase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase leaf isozymes. The somatic hybrids will be used in interploid crosses with lemon in an effort to generate seedless triploid lemon types with improved tolerance to mal secco disease.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Diaporthe tulliensis on Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chun Huang ◽  
Hsien-Hao Liu ◽  
Ping-Hu Wu ◽  
Hao-Xun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Parthenocissus Tricuspidata ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Β Tubulin

Starting from the May to August 2020 (average humidity 76.6% and temperature 25.2°C in Taipei), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) plants on the campus of National Taiwan University (25°01'05.4"N 121°32'36.6"E) exhibited leaf rusts caused by Phakopsora ampelopsidis (Tzean et al., 2019) and leaf spots caused by an unknown pathogen. The leaf spots appeared reddish to brown color and mostly irregular to round shape on the simple and trifoliate leaflets (Supplemental Figure 1A-C). The leaf spots were surface-disinfected with 1% NaOCl for 30 seconds, and the margin of healthy and infected tissues was cut and placed onto water agar, which were incubated at room temperature. Hyphae grown out from leaf spots were sub-cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and the majority of isolates exhibited white colony with black pycnidial conidiomata embedded in PDA. The pycnidial conidiomata of two-week-old has an average diameter of 463±193 μm (n=30) and the sizes of α-conidia were 5.71±0.49 μm in length and 2.42±0.32 μm in width (n=50) similar to the previous records (Crous et al. 2015). The α-conidium was one-celled, hyaline, and ovoid with two droplets (Supplemental Figure 1D-G). This putative pathogen was re-inoculated to confirm its pathogenicity on the leaves of Boston ivy plants. A PDA block with actively growing fungal edge was placed on the tiny needle-wounded leaves of detached branches (Supplemental Figure H-I) and the whole plants in pots (Supplemental Figure 1J-M) in a moist chamber at 28°C in dark. Reddish to brown leaf spots were observed by 2 days post-inoculation (dpi) and the leaf spots expanded by 5 dpi. To complete the Koch’s postulates, the pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated leaves and the re-isolated pathogen exhibited identical morphology to the original isolate. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translational elongation factor subunit 1-α gene (EF1α), β-tubulin (BT), and calmodulin (CAL) was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (Martin and Rygiewicz. 2005), EF1-728F/EF1-986R, Bt2a/Bt2b, and CAL-228F/CAL-737R, respectively (Manawasinghe et al. 2019). Using BLAST in the NCBI database, the ITS (MT974186), EF1α (MT982963), and β-tubulin (MT982962) sequences showed 98.57% (NR_147574.1, 553 out of 561 bp), 98.04% (KR936133.1, 350 out of 357 bp), and 99.23% (KR936132.1, 518 out of 522 bp) identity to the Diaporthe tulliensis ex-type BRIP 62248a, respectively (Dissanayake et al. 2017). Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of ITS, EF1α, and β-tubulin grouped the D. tulliensis isolated from Boston ivy leaf spots with the D. tulliensis ex-type (Supplemental Figure 1N). In summary, the morphological and molecular characterizations supported the causal pathogen of Boston ivy leaf spot as D. tulliensis. While Diaporthe ampelopsidis was reported to infect Parthenocissus quinquefolia and P. tricuspidata (Anonymous, 1960; Wehmeyer, 1933), there is no record for D. tulliensis infecting Boston ivy according to the USDA National Fungus Collections (Farr and Rossman. 2020). Because pathogens of Boston ivy such as P. ampelopsidis may also infect close-related crops like grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and D. tulliensis has been known to infect kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) (Bai et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2018), the emergence of D. tulliensis should be aware to avoid potential damage to economic crops.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document