The Population Biology of a Smut Fungus, Ustilago spinificis Ludw. II. Isozyme Polymorphism and Geographic Differentiation

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Andrews ◽  
GC Kirby ◽  
M Adams
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Species Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Isozyme Polymorphism

Isozyme variation was surveyed at 17 loci in 39 strains of Ustilago spinificis collected from all regions of the species range from Western Australia to New Zealand. Only two polymorphisms were observed, one restricted to eastern Victoria and the other more widespread. Heterozygosity (0.03) was low in the species. There was no evidence that geographically isolated populations of this species were genetically differentiated to any significant extent.

Isozyme Variation in Eucalyptus nitens and E. denticulata

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian O. Cook ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Central Victoria ◽  
Enzyme Systems

Seed samples from 22 populations across the geographic range ofE. nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden s. str. andE. denticulata I.O. Cook & P.Y. Ladiges wereanalysed for isozyme variation and estimation of the genetic distance betweenthe two taxa. Analysis of 12 enzyme systems in 3 buffer systems revealed 12polymorphic and 5 monomorphic loci. The results confirm the distinctiveness ofE. nitens and E. denticulatapreviously reported for morphological characteristics. A single population ofthe related species E. quadrangulata Deane & Maidenwas distinct from, and more heterogeneous than, populations of the other two taxa. The results also show regional genetic variation withinE. nitens that correlates with observed differences inmorphology. Three races were identified: northern and central NSW; southern NSW and Mt Kay in eastern Victoria; Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands inVictoria. Geographically isolated populations, particularly from central andnorthern NSW, showed the least genetic variation. Variation was highest in anequivocal population from Mt Gregory, central Victoria, where the distributionof E. nitens overlaps with that ofE. denticulata.

Distribution of the tammar, Macropus eugenii, and the relationships of populations as determined by cranial morphometrics

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JT Wood ◽  
NG Simms
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Spanning Trees ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Subsequent Calculation

Apparently once widespread throughout dense thickets in south-western Australia, the tammar is now much restricted in its distribution. On mainland Australia, isolated populations still persist in Western Australia, but in South Australia, where there is little remaining evidence to confirm that it extended beyond Eyre Peninsula, the wallaby is probably close to extinction. All originally recorded populations on five islands in Western Australia remain, but in South Australia all natural island populations, other than those on Kangaroo I., appear to be extinct. Morphometric analyses of crania representative of most known populations provide a means of assessing their relationships. Canonical variate analysis, the derivation of Mahalanobis distances and subsequent calculation of minimum spanning trees supported the existence of affinities within three major regional groups-a group predominantly from Western Australia, a group from Kangaroo and Greenly Is, South Australia, and a group from New Zealand-all apparently related via a population from Eyre Peninsula, presumably representative of a former widespread mainland population. By cranial criteria, feral tammars established in New Zealand are South Australian in origin although probably not introduced from Kangaroo I.

scholarly journals Genetic variation among Glomerella cingulata isolates from different Lauraceae hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 394-394
Author(s):  
R.W.A. Scheper ◽  
O.E. Timudo-Torrevilla ◽  
J. Rees-George ◽  
K.R. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glomerella Cingulata ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Information Statistic

Four populations of Glomerella cingulata 20 isolates each were sampled from avocado (Perseae americana) fruit from orchards throughout New Zealand and from Queensland Australia and from leaves of Beilschmeidia tawa and Beilschmeidia taraire in Hawkes Bay and the Waitakere Ranges respectively Among 80 isolates 44 different colony morphologies were identified with only three of these occurring in more than one of the four populations The population from B taraire showed less variation in colony morphology than did the other populations with a Shannon and Weaver information statistic H of 047 compared with 071 to 093 More of the diversity occurred within the populations (64) than between them (36) Sequence analysis of the ITS region using maximumparsimony identified two clades among the isolates with all isolates from the native New Zealand trees clustering in one clade and all avocado isolates in the other Some variation was detected within the clades although all isolates from B taraire had identical sequences This study indicates that G cingulata populations from avocado and native trees may represent genetically isolated populations that have evolved separately To identify geographic origin of fungal populations from avocado a different DNA sequence with more variation is required

A phylogenetic recircumscription of Styphelia (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Styphelieae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Crayn ◽  
Michael Hislop ◽  
Caroline Puente-Lelièvre
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The taxonomic limits of Styphelia (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Styphelieae) have been contentious since the genus was first described. At one extreme, it has been circumscribed so broadly as to include most epacrids with drupaceous fruit, at the other, to include only those species that also have long-exserted anthers and styles. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that while all previous circumscriptions of Styphelia are non-monophyletic, a large clade (the Astroloma–Styphelia clade) is consistently well supported. This clade comprises Astroloma, in part (i.e. section Stomarrhena sensu Bentham), Coleanthera, Croninia, Leucopogon, in part (i.e. section Pleuranthus sensu Bentham) and Styphelia sensu Bentham. On the basis of those analyses, we here recircumscribe Styphelia phylogenetically to include all species belonging to the Styphelia–Astroloma clade. The 146 taxa occur mostly in Australia, with smaller numbers in New Zealand, New Caledonia (1 species extends to Fiji and Vanuatu) and Malesia. An additional 74 phrase-named taxa belong to this clade, including 70 from Western Australia and 4 from eastern Australia (all other Australian states and territories). The Styphelia floras of Western Australia, eastern Australia, New Caledonia and Malesia are each endemic or nearly so; 1 species (S. nesophila (DC.) Sleumer) is shared between New Zealand and eastern Australia, and 2 species (S. cordifolia (Lindl.) F.Muell. and S. woodsii (F.Muell.) F.Muell.) are shared between Western Australia and eastern Australia. An amended diagnosis of Styphelia is provided, new combinations are made for 25 taxa, and new names published for another 9. Lectotypes are designated for two names (Leucopogon brevicuspis Benth. and L. strictus Benth.) found to have taxonomically heterogeneous syntypes.

Isozyme variation of Microsporum canis and M. cookei from New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
SIMPANYA ◽  
JARVIS ◽  
BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Isozyme Variation

Antipodean Aftershocks: Group Settlement of Hebridean and non-Hebridean Britons in Western Australia following World War One

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Roy Jones ◽  
Tod Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The Sun ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
A Site

In the speech in which the phrase ‘land fit for heroes’ was coined, Lloyd George proclaimed ‘(l)et us make victory the motive power to link the old land up in such measure that it will be nearer the sunshine than ever before … it will lift those who have been living in the dark places to a plateau where they will get the rays of the sun’. This speech conflated the issues of the ‘debt of honour’ and the provision of land to those who had served. These ideals had ramifications throughout the British Empire. Here we proffer two Antipodean examples: the national Soldier Settlement Scheme in New Zealand and the Imperial Group Settlement of British migrants in Western Australia and, specifically, the fate and the legacy of a Group of Gaelic speaking Outer Hebrideans who relocated to a site which is now in the outer fringes of metropolitan Perth.

Multicultural and Transnational Novels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Meffan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
The One

This chapter discusses the history of multicultural and transnational novels in New Zealand. A novel set in New Zealand will have to deal with questions about cultural access rights on the one hand and cultural coverage on the other. The term ‘transnational novel’ gains its relevance from questions about cultural and national identity, questions that have particularly exercised nations formed from colonial history. The chapter considers novels that demonstrate and respond to perceived deficiencies in wider discourses of cultural and national identity by way of comparison between New Zealand and somewhere else. These include Amelia Batistich's Another Mountain, Another Song (1981), Albert Wendt's Sons for the Return Home (1973) and Black Rainbow (1992), James McNeish's Penelope's Island (1990), Stephanie Johnson's The Heart's Wild Surf (2003), and Lloyd Jones's Mister Pip (2006).

scholarly journals Clonal analysis of the serogroup B meningococci causing New Zealand's epidemic

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. DYET ◽  
D. R. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

An epidemic of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B meningococci expressing the P1.7-2,4 PorA protein began in New Zealand in 1991. The PorA type has remained stable. Different porB have been found in association with the P1.7-2,4 PorA, although type 4 has been most common. The clonal origins of B:P1.7-2,4 meningococci isolated from cases during 1990 to the end of 2003 were analysed. In 1990, the year immediately preceding the recognized increase in disease rates, all three subclones (ST-41, ST-42, and ST-154) of the ST-41/44 clonal complex occurred among the five isolates of B:P1.7-2,4. The two sequence types, ST-42 and ST-154, continued to cause most disease throughout New Zealand. Isolates belonging to subclone ST-41 were mostly identified early in the epidemic and in the South Island. 16S rRNA typing indicated that isolates belonging to the subclones ST-41 and ST-154 share a common ancestor, with those typing as ST-42 more distantly related with some genetically ambiguous. It is possible that ST-41 and ST-154 may have evolved one from the other but evolution to ST-42 is more difficult to explain. It is possible that one or more of the ST types could have been introduced into New Zealand prior to the first detection of clinical cases in 1990. Genetic diversity may have occurred during carriage in the community.

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