Effects of Copper Salts on Growth and Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi in vitro and on the Antifungal Activity of Actinomycete Populations From the Roots of Eucalyptus marginata and Banksia grandis

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Keast ◽  
C Tonkin ◽  
L Sanfelieu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Copper Cation ◽  
Copper Salts ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Soil Actinomycetes

Seven copper salts and 10 isolates from both mating types of Phytophthora cinnamomi have been tested, in vitro, for copper cation toxicity to mycelial mat growth and to the germination of chlamydospores. It has been shown that while the copper ion is toxic, extended periods of exposure (9-23 days) to the cation are often required to change the fungistatic activity to that of a true fungicide. This observation applies to both mycelial growth and to chlamydospore germination of P. cinnamomi. Soluble copper (CuS02.5H20) gave short-term protection of both Eucalyptus marginata and to a lesser degree Banksia grandis against infection by P. cinnamomi but insoluble copper (CuO) gave none. The rhizospheres of seedlings of E. marginata and B. grandis grown in pots contained populations of soil actinomycetes different from each other and the parent soil population. These actinomycetes showed substantial antifungal activity against Phytophthora cinnamomi in vitro. Moreover, the actinomycete populations were modified by the presence of copper and by the infection of the roots by P. cinnamomi. It is suggested that both the actinomycetes and the copper contributed to the protection against invasion by P. cinnamomi.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Western Australian Soil Actinomycetes against Phytophthora and Pythium Species and a Mycorrhizal Fungus, Laccaria laccata

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Keast ◽  
C Tonkin
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Actinomycetes ◽  
High Degree

Soil pH, soil moisture content and soil organic matter content did not appear to influence significantly the total numbers of actinomycetes isolated from sample sites in Western Australia. However, seasonal influences exist with summer conditions leading to higher spore isolation. Substantial but non-specific antifungal activity against Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. cryptogea, P. nicotiana, Pythium proli/erum and L. laccata was detected in vitro from many of the 2367 actinomycetes isolated. Antifungal activity mayor may not occur in members of the same actinomycete group, suggesting segregation of antifungal capacity within all groups. A limited number of actinomycete groups was isolated from the rhizosphere of plants and these exhibited similar properties to their counterparts in soil or litter. Actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of Pinus radiata produced a high degree of in vitro antifungal activity against the Phytophthora species but, in general, actinomycetes isolated from root surfaces exhibited antibiosis against all the fungi tested. More actinomycetes showed antifungal activity from soils where P. cinnamomi was causing dieback of jarrah and other understorey species.

scholarly journals Young but not defenceless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 191418
Author(s):  
Erin L. Cole ◽  
Haley Bayne ◽  
Rebeca B. Rosengaus
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Zootermopsis Angusticollis ◽  
Endogenous Proteins ◽  
Dampwood Termite

Termites live in environments heavily colonized by diverse microorganisms, including pathogens. Eggs laid within the nest are likely to experience similar pathogenic pressures as those experienced by older nest-mates. Consequently, eggs may be under selective pressures to be immune-competent. Through in vitro experiments using developing embryos of the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis , we tested the ontogeny, location and strength of their antifungal activity against the fungus, Metarhizium brunneum . Exterior washes of the chorion (extra-chorionic) and components within the chorion (intra-chorionic) were incubated with fungal conidia, which were then scored for viability. The fungistatic activity was location and developmental stage dependent. Extra-chorionic washes had relatively weak antifungal activity. Intra-chorionic homogenates were highly antifungal, exhibiting increased potency through development. The positive correlation between intra-chorionic fungistasis and developmental stage is probably due to the expression of endogenous proteins during embryogenesis. Boiling of both the extra-chorionic washes and the intra-chorionic contents rescued conidia viability, indicating the antifungal agent(s) is (are) heat-sensitive and probably proteinaceous. This study is the first to address embryonic antifungal activity in a hemimetabolous, eusocial taxon. Our results support the hypothesis that microbes have been significant agents of selection in termites, fostering the evolution of antifungal properties even in the most immature stage of development.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of New and Known Geranylated Phenols against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Chavez ◽  
Mauricio Soto ◽  
Franco Cimino ◽  
Andrés Olea ◽  
Luis Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Application of Autochthonous Lactobacillus Strains as Biopreservatives to Control Fungal Spoilage in Caciotta Cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Cosentino ◽  
Silvia Viale ◽  
Maura Deplano ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Fadda ◽  
Maria Barbara Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Adjunct Cultures ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Culture Activity

Fungal spoilage is one of the main causes of economic losses worldwide in the food industry. In the last years, consumer’s demands for preservative-free processed foods have increased as a result of growing awareness about the health hazards associated with chemicals. Lactic acid bacteria have been extensively studied for their antibacterial and antifungal potential in order to be used as biopreservatives. The first objective of this study was to investigate in vitro the antifungal activity of autochthonous Lactobacillus strains against moulds commonly associated with cheese spoilage. Then, the Lactobacillus strains with the highest inhibitory effect and broadest spectrum were tested in single or mixed cultures against Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 9179 and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 46283 on miniature Caciotta cheese produced at laboratory scale to evaluate in situ their ability to prevent mould growth and to determine their impact on cheese organoleptic properties and starter culture activity. The growth of the starter lactococcal population exhibited similar trend and values during ripening, suggesting that the addition of lactobacilli did not influence its growth and survival. Inhibition of P. chrysogenum inoculated in the milk was determined in cheeses produced with single or mixed Lactobacillus adjuncts as compared to cheeses without adjunct. The mixed adjunct cultures resulted in more effective, significantly reducing mould counts of more than 2 log units at the end of ripening. The application of the adjunct cultures resulted in a delay in mycelial growth of P. chrysogenum and A. flavus inoculated on the cheese surface as well. Finally, we found no significant differences among samples for the sensory parameters evaluated that received similar ratings. Our results indicate that the selected Lactobacillus strains may have a potential effect in controlling mould contamination on cheeses. Further studies are currently being carried out to identify the molecules responsible for the antifungal activity.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal activity of polyphenols-rich plant extracts against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (50) ◽  
pp. 4554-4560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castillo Reyes Francisco ◽  
Daniel Hern aacute ndez Castillo Francisco ◽  
Alberto Clemente Constantino Julio ◽  
Gallegos Morales Gabriel ◽  
Rodr iacute guez Herrera Ra uacute l ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

In vitro Antifungal Activity of a 29-kDa Glycoprotein Purified from the Galls of Quercus infectoria

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamunarani ◽  
R. Jaganathan ◽  
R. Bhaskaran ◽  
P. Govindaraju ◽  
R. Velazhahan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Quercus Infectoria ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Formulation and Evaluation of Carbopol Gel Containing Liposomes of Ketoconazole. (Part-II)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Patel ◽  
Hardik Patel ◽  
Ashok Baria
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Carbopol Gel ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate the topical carbopol gel formulation containing ketoconazole encapsulated liposomes. Ketoconazole loaded liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique. The prepared liposomes were incorporated into 1% carbopol gel, and the systems were evaluated for in-vitro drug release, drug retention into skin and in-vitro antifungal activity. The in-vitro permeation of ketoconazole using wistar albino rat skin from liposomal gel was compared with that of plain drug gel and also with plain drug cream containing 2% w/w of ketoconazole. The release of ketoconazole from liposomal gel was much slower than from non liposomal formulations. Gel containing liposomal ketoconazole showed maximum antifungal activity after 30 hours over plain ketoconazole gel and cream formulations.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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