The opening mechanism of follicles of some species of Banksia

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Wardrop
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Junction Zone ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Resinous Substance ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Banskia ornata F. Muell. is a common dominant in heaths in south-eastem Australia that are frequently swept by fires which kill the plants. Regeneration is only from seed, suggesting that the future of the species is almost completely fire-dependent. At maturity, a multiple fruit is formed consisting of a number of follicles attached to a central rachis. Each valve of the follicle consists of an exocarp comprising an epidermis with hair cells and some sclereid bundles; a mesocarp containing bundles of sclereids in which the microfibrils are almost transverse to the major cell axis; and an endocarp in which the innermost cells are fibrous in form and in which the microfibrils of cellulose are oriented mainly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell. Also present in the endocarp but abaxial to the fibrous sclereids are sclereid bundles that show similar microfibril orientation to the mesocarp sclereids. The junction between the valves of the follicle has a layer of interdigitating cells. A resinous substance together with phenols are present in and between these cells. Because of the difference in structure of the sclereids of the endocarp and of those of the mesocarp and exocarp, stresses develop between these tissues on desiccation. Events leading to the opening of the follicles are: (1) at maturity resin and phenols are secreted into the vascular elements at the base of the rachis, severing the vascular supply to the follicle; (2) with the advent of fire, the resin at the junction of the valves of the pericarp is destroyed, releasing the stress in the valves of the follicles, which reflex, allowing the release of seed. In B. marginata and B. Integrifolia, the anatomy of the valves of the follicle is basically similar to that of B. ornata. However, the follicles open without the intervention of fire. Thin-layer chromatography has shown that the resins extracted from the cells of the junction zone between the valves of the follicle of B. ornata are chemically different from those extracted from the non-fire-dependent species, suggesting that they may differ also in their physical properties.

Effect of feeding cod liver oil on the fate of radiotocopherol in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
K. J. Jenkins ◽  
J. R. Lessard ◽  
E. Borowsky
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

The metabolism of a single dose of 3H-DL-α-tocopherol was studied in 16 sheep fed a dystrophy-producing hay alone or supplemented with cod liver oil. During the experimental period, which lasted for 5 days after the radioisotope dosing, radioactivity was higher in the rumen liquor of cod liver oil fed sheep than in those which received only hay. Significantly lower levels of radioactivity were found in the non-saponifiable material of various tissues of cod liver oil fed sheep than in the corresponding tissues of the unsupplemented animals. By means of column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and radioautography the bulk of liver radioactivity was identified as unchanged α-tocopherol. Possible reasons for the difference in tissue radioactivity levels between cod liver oil fed and unsupplemented sheep are discussed.

scholarly journals Study on the Level of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Raw and Processed Milk Marketed in Kathmandu Valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Kafle ◽  
Damodar Sedai ◽  
Krishna Prasad Rai ◽  
Bishow Bandhu Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Residual Level ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the principal hydroxylated AFB1 metabolite mainly present in milk. In this study the levels of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Raw and Pasteurized milk marketed in Kathmandu valley was estimated. Altogether 32 milk samples (Raw 16, Pasteurized 16) obtained from different areas of Kathmandu valley were analysed for AFM1 by Thin Layer Chromatography. The milk samples were analyzed according to the official AOAC methods, which included extraction of toxin using chloroform, clearing by silica gel column chromatography, qualitative analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography and quantification by Visual comparison of the spots. AFM1 was found in 14 (43.75%) of milk samples examined. The levels of AFM1 in 7 (21.87%) samples were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (0.05 µg/l) accepted by some European countries while none of the samples exceeded the prescribed limit of US regulations. The mean concentration of AFM1 was higher in Raw milk (0.030 ± 0.042 µg/l) compared to pasteurized (0.022 ± 0.039) but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). This finding reflects that milk marketed in Kathmandu valley contains residual level of Aflatoxin M1 and pose public health risk. Therefore, milk and milk products have to be screened for AFM1 contamination periodically. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10598   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (52-56), 2012  

Radioimmunuassay compared to thin-layer and gas--liquid chromatography for detecting methadone in human urine.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1915-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Roerig ◽  
R I Wang ◽  
M M Mueller ◽  
D L Lewand ◽  
S M Adams
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Radioimmunoassay was compared to thin-layer and gas--liquid chromatographic methods for detection of methadone in the urine of patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy as treatment of heroin abuse. With urine samples known to contain methadone, 84% were positive by thin-layer chromatography as compared to 99% positives by the other two methods. This difference is attributed to the difference in sensitivity of the three methods. All three methods gave consistently positive results with urine samples from patients receiving 25 mg of methadone per day or more. With smaller daily doses the percentage of positive results obtained with thin-layer chromatography decreased. Analysis of urine samples not containing methadone showed no incidence of cross reaction of other drugs with the methadone radioimmunoassay. The methadone radioimmunoassay appears to be both sensitive and reliable; however, certain other factors limit its use as a primary screening method.

Comparative Study of Two Methods for Extraction of Aflatoxin from Peanut Meal and Peanut Butter

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H L Chang ◽  
Jonathan W De Vries ◽  
William E Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract The difference between the CB and Best Foods methods in extracting aflatoxins from peanut products has been studied. The CB method yields 60, 121, 35, and 22% higher results for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, respectively for 4 samples of peanut meal and 6 samples of peanut butter studied. Both reverse phase liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to quantitate the extracted aflatoxins.

scholarly journals Identification and localization of the GM1 ganglioside in the cochlea using thin-layer chromatography and cholera toxin.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Santi ◽  
P Mancini ◽  
C Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tectorial Membrane ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Using high-performance thin-layer chromatography, we identified GM1, GM3, GD3, GD1a, GT1b, GQ1b, and other gangliosides in chinchilla cochlea and cerebellum. GM1 was also identified on chromatograms with the B-subunit of cholera toxin (BCT). BCT was also used to determine the distribution of GM1 in fixed and unfixed tissues from cochlea, cerebellum, and sciatic nerve. Positive control tissues showed expected labeling of GM1 by BCT. Negative controls showed expected suppression of BCT binding to GM1 after GM1 extraction and GM1 absorption. In the cochlea, GM1 appeared abundant in plasma membranes of most epithelial cells lining the endolymphatic surface of the scala media, including the interdental, inner supporting, pillar, Deiters, Hensen, Claudius, Boettcher, spiral prominence, and external sulcus. GM1 appeared less abundant in cells of the stria vascularis, Reissner's membrane, and in nerve fibers. In hair cells, the stereocilia appeared to contain GM1; however, the endolymphatic surface of the cuticular plate and the body of the outer hair cells appeared to contain little GM1. In addition, the tectorial membrane, connective tissue of the spiral limbus, and amorphous layer of the basilar membrane also appeared to contain little GM1. Enzymatic degradation of glycoproteins and transformation of polysialogangliosides to GM1 increased the reactivity of BCT to cochlear GM1. This further supported the presence of GM1 and other gangliosides in the cochlea. Although the functional significance of GM1 and other gangliosides in the cochlea is not yet known, they are likely to play important roles in membrane function.

scholarly journals Identification of Rhodamine B on the Sale Cake ku In market Agung Village Peninjoan Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Era Indrayani ◽  
Didik Setiawan ◽  
Putu Gede Subhaktiyasa
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
General Public ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
The Public ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Rhodamin B

Snacks or cakes are ready-to-eat foods whose ingredients are made from glutinous rice flour and processed by food producers as ready-to-eat food for sale to the general public. Generally cakes sold added food additives, the use of food additives can be positive and negative (harmful) for the community. One of the dangerous food additives is the Rhodamin B dye. The purpose of this research is to identify Rhodamine B on cake Ku sold at Pasar Agung Peninjoan Village. Method: using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Result: The identification shows the Rf price of the five samples 0.58, while the standard Rf is 0.70. Because the difference of Rf sample to the standard is less than 0.2.  Discussion:the five positive samples contain Rhodamine B. It is recommended to the public to always be careful in consuming food, because foods containing Rhodamine B are not good for health

scholarly journals Two Paralogous Gb3/CD77 Synthases in Birds Show Different Preferences for Their Glycoprotein and Glycosphingolipid Substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9761
Author(s):  
Anna Bereznicka ◽  
Krzysztof Mikolajczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus ◽  
Katarzyna Kapczynska ◽  
Edyta Majorczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Flow Cytofluorometry ◽  
Metabolic Labelling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Most glycosyltransferases show remarkable gross and fine substrate specificity, which is reflected in the old one enzyme-one linkage paradigm. While human Gb3/CD77 synthase is a glycosyltransferase that synthesizes the Galα1→4Gal moiety mainly on glycosphingolipids, its pigeon homolog prefers glycoproteins as acceptors. In this study, we characterized two Gb3/CD77 synthase paralogs found in pigeons (Columba livia). We evaluated their specificities in transfected human teratocarcinoma 2102Ep cells by flow cytofluorometry, Western blotting, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry and metabolic labelling with 14C-galactose. We found that the previously described pigeon Gb3/CD77 synthase (called P) can use predominately glycoproteins as acceptors, while its paralog (called M), which we serendipitously discovered while conducting this study, efficiently synthesizes Galα1→4Gal caps on both glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. These two paralogs may underlie the difference in expression profiles of Galα1→4Gal-terminated glycoconjugates between neoavians and mammals.

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