Storage reserves of the seed-like, aestivating organs of Geophytes inhabiting granite outcrops in south-western Australia.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Dixon ◽  
J Kuo ◽  
JS Pate
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soft Cluster ◽  
Storage Reserves

Storage reserves of the aestivating corms of Isoetes muelleri (Isoetaceae, Pteridophyta), stem tubers of Phylloglossum drummondii (Lycopodiaceae, Pteridophyta) and corms of Stylidium petiolare (Stylidiaceae, Dicotyledoneae) and Philydrella pygmaea (Philydraceae, Monocotyledoneae) were examined by chemical analysis, microscopy and scanning X-ray microanalysis. Concentrations of mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn) in corm or stem tuber dry matter were similar to those recorded earlier for other bulbous, cormous and tuberous species, but levels of total N (31-32 mg/g dry matter) and protein (15-17% of corm fresh weight) were exceptionally high. Accumulation of mineral elements in developing replacement corms of S. petiolare showed precocious uptake of K, accumulation of Zn closely parallel to increases in dry weight, and most rapid accumulation of N, Mg and P during late corm filling, when tissues were dehydrating most rapidly. The dormant corms or stem tubers resembled seeds in small size (2-11 mg fresh weight), low water content (1-5% H20 in fresh weight) and the presence of closely packed starch grains (some species), lipid droplets and protein bodies in their storage parenchyma. Protein bodies contained 'soft', cluster-like (P. drummondii) or globoid-type (other three species) inclusions whose structure was often obscured due to leaching or dislodgement during specimen preparation. Point (0.5 �m2) microanalysis of protein bodies containing apparently intact inclusions indicated the latter to be especially rich in P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn (S. petiolare) or P, K, Ca and Zn (P. pygmaea). Storage reserves of seeds of S. petiolare (cotyledon tissue) and P. pygmaea (aleurone of endosperm) showed ultrastructural features closely similar to those of their respective corms.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

scholarly journals Symbiotic capability of calopo rhizobia from an agrisoil with different crops in Pernambuco

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altanys Silva Calheiros ◽  
Mario de Andrade Lira Junior ◽  
Débora Magalhães Soares ◽  
Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobium-legume symbiosis represents one of the most important nitrogen sources for plants and depends strongly on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain. This study evaluated the symbiotic capacity of rhizobial isolates from calopo (CALOPOGONIUM MUCUNOIDES) taken from an agrisoil under BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS pasture, sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIIFOLIA) plantations and Atlantic Forest areas of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. A total of 1,575 isolates were obtained from 398 groups. A single random isolate of each group was authenticated, in randomized blocks with two replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1 mL of a bacterial broth, containing an estimated population of 10(8) rhizobial cells mL-1. Forty-five days after inoculation, the plants were harvested, separated into shoots, roots and nodules, oven-dried to constant mass, and weighed. Next, the symbiotic capability was tested with 1.5 kg of an autoclaved sand:vermiculite (1:1) mixture in polyethylene bags. The treatments consisted of 122 authenticated isolates, selected based on the shoot dry matter, five uninoculated controls (treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg ha-1 N) and a control inoculated with SEMIA 6152 (=BR1602), a strain of BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM The test was performed as described above. The shoot dry matter of the plants inoculated with the most effective isolates did not differ from that of plants treated with 150 kg ha-1 N. Shoot dry matter was positively correlated with all other variables. The proportion of effective isolates was highest among isolates from SABIÁ forests. There was great variation in nodule dry weight, as well as in N contents and total N.

Cotyledonary Storage Proteins in Pisum sativum. IV. Effects of Sulfur, Phosphorus, Potassium and Magnesium Deficiencies

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Randall ◽  
JA Thomson ◽  
HE Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Total N ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Plant Yields

The quantitative and qualitative effects of deficiency of S, P, K or Mg on the cotyledonary proteins of pea seeds have been studied using chemical, immunological and electrophoretic techniques. Deficiency of S, P or K causes characteristic and consistent changes in the proportions of certain proteins both outside and inside protein bodies of mature seeds. Amongst the storage proteins in the protein bodies, S deficiency results in a relative decrease in legumin and in vicilin peak 3, accompanied by a relative increase in the predominant vicilin, peak 4. A quantitatively major cotyledonary protein of unknown function, located outside protein bodies and consisting of 22- kdalton polypeptides, is decreased by S deficiency. Deficiencies of P or K cause an increase in the quantitatively minor vicilin peak 3 and also a marked relative increase in legumin. Mg deficiency has little effect on the proportions of the storage proteins. The degree of nutrient deficiency is reflected in seed and plant yields. Total N and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble N and the contents of some other mineral elements in the seed are given. A 10-fold increase in sulfur supply above the optimum for yield did not increase N or S in the TCA- insoluble fraction.

Responses of intensively grazed dairy pastures to applications of fertiliser nitrogen in south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
I. F. Guthridge
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

For the first time, we quantified pasture dry matter (DM) responses to applied fertiliser nitrogen (N) for intensively grazed, rain-fed, dairy pastures on sandy soils common in the Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia. The pastures are composed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and annual and Italian ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. multiflorum Lam.). Six rates of N, as urea (46% N), were applied to 15 m by 15 m plots four times during 2002 and after each of the first 5–7 grazings in 2003 and 2004, throughout the typical April–October growing season. Total rates of N applied in the first year of the experiments were 0, 60, 120, 160, 200 and 320 kg N/ha, which were adjusted in subsequent years as detailed in the ‘Materials and methods’ section of this paper. The pastures in the experiments were rotationally grazed, by starting grazing when ryegrass plants had 2–3 leaves per tiller. The amount of pasture DM on each plot was measured before and after each grazing and was then used to estimate the amount of pasture DM consumed by the cows at each grazing for different times during the growing season. Linear increases (responses) of pasture DM to applied N occurred throughout the whole growing season when a total of up to 320 kg N/ha was applied in each year. No maximum yield plateaus were defined. Across all three experiments and years, on average in each year, a total of ~5 t/ha consumed DM was produced when no N was applied and ~7.5 t/ha was produced when a total of 200 kg N/ha was applied, giving ~2.5 t/ha increase in DM consumed and an N response efficiency of ~12.5 kg DM N/kg applied. As more fertiliser N was applied, the proportion of ryegrass in the pasture consistently increased, whereas clover content decreased. Concentrations of nitrate-N in the DM consistently increased as more N was applied, whereas concentrations of total N, and, therefore, concentration of crude protein in the DM, either increased or were unaffected by applied N. Application of N had no effect on concentrations of other mineral elements in DM and on dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of the DM. The results were generally consistent with findings of previous pasture N studies for perennial and annual temperate and subtropical pastures. We have shown that when pasture use for milk production has been maximised in the region, it is profitable to apply fertiliser N to grow extra DM consumed by dairy cows; conversely, it is a waste of money to apply N to undergrazed pastures to produce more unused DM.

scholarly journals Model Selection for Nondestructive Quantification of Fruit Growth in Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maaike Wubs ◽  
Yun T. Ma ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Leo F.M. Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weight Growth

Quantifying fruit growth can be desirable for several purposes (e.g., prediction of fruit yield and size, or for the use in crop simulation models). The goal of this article was to determine the best sigmoid function to describe fruit growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) from nondestructive fruit growth measurements. The Richards, Gompertz, logistic, and beta growth functions were tested. Fruit growth of sweet pepper was measured nondestructively in an experiment with three different average daily temperatures (18, 21, and 24 °C) and in an experiment with six cultivars with different fruit sizes (20 to 205 g fresh weight). Measurements of fruit length and fruit diameter or circumference were performed twice per week. From these, fruit volume was estimated. A linear relationship related fruit fresh weight to estimated fruit volume, and a Ricker or polynomial function related fruit dry matter content to fruit age. These relations were used to convert estimated fruit volume into fruit fresh and dry weights. As dry weight increased until harvest, fitting the sigmoid function to the dry weight data was less suitable: it would create uncertainty in the estimated asymptote. Therefore, the sigmoid functions were fitted to fresh weight growth of the fruit. The Richards function was the best function in each data set, closely followed by the Gompertz function. The fruit dry weight growth is obtained by multiplication of the sigmoid function and the function relating fruit dry matter content to fruit age.

scholarly journals Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudarman Sitanggang ◽  
Nurzainah Ginting ◽  
Yusuf Leonard Henuk ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Plot Design

SAUDARMAN SITANGGANG, 2018: Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana. Guided by NURZAINAH GINTING and YUSUF LEONARD HENUK. The aim of this research was to inventigate the effect of bio gas slurry with the input of buffalo feces and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) with various doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Indigofera zollingeriana productivity. This research was conducted in Parbaba Village, Pangururan District, Samosir Regency of North Sumatera from April to November 2017. The design used in this research was split plot design with 4 replications. Factor I dose of MOD, M1 = 1 liter / 150 liters and M2 = 2 liters /150 liters. Factor II dose of bio-slurry fertilizer with input of buffalo feces and water hyacinth parameters, P0 = 0 (as control), P1 = 20, P2 = 40. Were plant height, stems diameter, fresh weight production, and dry weight troduction. The results showed that dosage of MOD gave significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight production, and dry matter of Indigofera zollingeriana. The provision of bio gas slurry with buffalo faeces and water hyacinth with various doses of MOD has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight production, and dry matter. The conclusion of this research that increasing the dose of MOD and fertilization dose of Indigofera zollingeriana gave a better result.

scholarly journals The Hormonal Seed Priming in Relation to Carrot Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filza Ghafoor ◽  
Sana Liaqat ◽  
Waseem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Seedling Length

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Components of Some Turmeric Varieties (Curcuma Longa L.) As Affected by Inorganic Fertilizer Levels in Umudike, South-Eastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Akpan A U ◽  
Orji K O ◽  
Uhala S C
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A research on growth and yield components of some turmeric varieties (Curcuma longa L.) as affected by inorganic fertilizer levels in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the teaching and research farm of the University, during 2018/2019 cropping seasons. It was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results, showed that plant height and number of tillers for both varieties and fertilizers levels increased at 2, 4, and 6 months after planting (MAP) during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) Kg-1 produced tallest plants and highest number of tillers over other varieties and fertilizer levels. Crop growth rate was positive at 2 – 4 MAP and negative at 4 – 6 MAP, with 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 producing higher growth rate. Heaviest rhizomes fresh weight (kg plot-1) of 3.74 and 3.75, rhizome dry matter content of 14.49 and 16.8%, rhizome dry weight of 23.57 and 23.90g and harvest index of 2.60 and 2.70% was yielded by UMT 021 variety over other varieties. The level of 400 NPK (15:15:15) kg ha-1 produced heaviest rhizome fresh weight of 4.47 and 4.57 kg plot-1; rhizome dry matter content of 19.42 and 25.8%; rhizome dry weight of 27.54 and 27.8g and harvest index of 2.81 and 3.20%, over other levels. Consequently, variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 are recommended for sole production of turmeric in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D. Ugese ◽  
P.T. Ezechukwu ◽  
C. Ogbaje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.

scholarly journals Effects of Seeding Density on Growth Attributes of Broadleaf Mustard in Nursery Bed

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Nisha Niraula ◽  
Anil Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Growth Attributes

The productivity of crops is highly affected by the seedling quality, which is governed by seeding density in the nursery. So, an experiment was conducted to explore the effect of seedling spacing in the growth attributes of Broad Leaf Mustard cv. “Marpha Chauda Paate” at IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during Oct 2018. Four spacing treatments viz 0.5 cm × 1 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, 1.5 cm ×1.5 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm were arranged in RCB Design with 5 replications. Observation of seedling height, leaf area, leaf number, shoot & root fresh weights, shoot dry matter, and dry matter percentage from twenty-three days old seedlings were recorded.  The total leaf area was estimated using the Image-J package. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by Gen Stat. Treatments differed significantly in seedling height, shoot and root fresh weight, leaf area, root length, and shoot dry weight, while the number of leaves and dry matter percentage did not differ statistically. Maximum shoot fresh weight (1.09 g), shoot dry weight (0.11 g), leaf area (48.24 cm2), root length (4.89 cm), root fresh weight (0.03 g) per plant and shoot dry matter percentage (9.24%) were found in widest spacing (2 cm × 2 cm). However, seedling height was recorded higher in closer spacing. Therefore, the study of the overall characteristics asserted that the seed spaced at 2 cm × 2 cm produced superior seedling over all other spacings. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 65-70

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