Effect of heat treatment of forest soil on germination of buried seed

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Warcup
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Lower Temperature

Treatment of forest soils from south-eastern Australia with aerated steam within the range 5°C (5 min) to 71°(30 min) often increased the number and variety of buried seed which germinated compared with seed germination in untreated soil. At the lower temperature (55°) prominent germination occurred in species of Juncaceae and Cyperaceae, Poranthera microphylla, Oxalis corniculata and some grasses. At higher temperatures, legumes, some epacrids and species of genera such as Pomaderris, Spyridium, Dichondra, Geranium, Opevcularia and Poranthera germinated. Artificial exposure of surface open-forest soil to the sun in summer was sufficient to cause or increase germination of several species when the soil was subsequently moistened.

scholarly journals Lithium Observations in the Sun

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Edith A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Absorption Feature ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Lithium Abundance ◽  
Resonance Doublet ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Central Depth ◽  
The Continuum

The determination of the lithium abundance in the solar atmosphere is essentially based on the LiI resonance doublet at λ 6707·761 and 6707·912 Å. These two lines form a very faint absorption feature, the central depth of the stronger component being of the order of 1% of the continuum. The violet component, which is also the stronger of the two, occurs near the red wing of a faint solar line of unknown origin, and the lines appear to be blended with other faint lines including possibly the doublet of the Li6 isotope (the isotopic shift being 0·160 Å). No other line of LiI has been detected in the Fraunhofer spectum of the undisturbed solar disk. This is nothing surprising, because practically all lithium is expected to be ionized in the photosphere on account of its low ionization potential (Xion = 5·37 e.v.). In sunspot spectra the lower temperature reduces the degree of ionization of lithium and causes a strengthening of the LiI lines. In fact, the LiI resonance lines which appear as a very faint absorption feature on disk spectra are about 50 times stronger in spot spectra. Furthermore, the very weak feature at λ 6103·6 Å was identified by Dubov (1964) and by Schmahl and Schröter (1965) as due to the 2s 2S–3d 2D transition of LiI. Both the resonance doublet and the faint feature at 6103·6 Å have been used by the above-mentioned authors to derive the lithium abundance in spots.

scholarly journals Effect of dry heat treatment along with some dormancy breaking chemicals on oil palm seed germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
K.M. Tabi ◽  
G.F. Ngando Ebongue ◽  
G.N. Ntsomboh ◽  
E. Youmbi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Dry Heat Treatment

Effects of heat and smoke on germination of soil-stored seed in a south-eastern Australian sand heathland

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Wills ◽  
Jennifer Read
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
And Control

Various fire-related agents, including heat, smoke, ash and charred wood, have been shown to break dormancy and promote germination of soil-stored seed in a broad range of species in mediterranean-type systems. However, relatively little work has been conducted in south-eastern Australian heathlands. This study examined the effects of heat and smoked water on germination of the soil seed bank in a mature sand heathland within the Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park, in south-eastern Australia. Heat was clearly the most successful treatment for promoting seed germination, followed by smoked water, then controls, with 55% of species present in the germinable soil seed bank requiring a heat or smoke stimulus to promote seed germination. Mean species richness of the germinable soil seed bank was found to be significantly higher in heat-treated soil than in smoke and control treatments. Seedling density of heat-treated soil was almost 10 times that of controls, while smoke-treated soil was almost five times that of controls. Seedling emergence was fastest in heat-treated soil, followed by smoke and control soils. Of the species found in the soil seed bank, 25% were absent from the extant vegetation, suggesting the existence of post-fire colonisers in the soil seed bank. The results have implications for the design of soil seed bank experiments and the use of fire as a tool in vegetation management.

Utilisation of inorganic and organic phosphorus sources by isolates of Amanita muscaria and Amanita species native to temperate eastern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Sawyer ◽  
Susan M. Chambers ◽  
John W. G. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

Utilisation of orthophosphate, inositol hexaphosphate and DNA by isolates of Amanita alboverrucosa, A. conicoverrucosa, A. fuscosquamosa, A. muscaria, A. nauseosa, A. ochrophylla, A. pyramidifera, A.�roseolamellata, A. xanthocephala and six unidentified Amanita species from eastern Australian temperate sclerophyll forests was examined during growth in axenic liquid cultures. With the exception of A. nauseosa and A.�xanthocephala on DNA, isolates of all taxa were shown to utilise orthophosphate and both organic substrates as sole phosphorus sources. Considerable intraspecific variation in utilisation of the organic phosphorus sources relative to orthophosphate was observed for A. muscaria and the native Australian taxa. Overall the data suggest that Amanita spp. may contribute significantly to organic phosphorus mobilisation in Australian forest soils.

Foraging ecology of the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus (Rhinolophidae), in eastern Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Pavey ◽  
Chris J. Burwell
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Conservation Concern

The foraging ecology of the eastern horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus, was examined at five sites spread along 2100 km of its Australian distribution in coastal Queensland. Foraging strategy and prey-capture behaviour of light-tagged bats were similar across sites. Bats were observed foraging during continuous flight at all sites, whereas perch hunting was observed (rarely) at only one site. Bats captured insects by aerial hawking, with a single record of gleaning. In rainforest bats spent most time close to vegetation whereas openings were favoured in open forest/woodland. Only flying insects were captured and, although a wide range of taxa was taken, Lepidoptera (all sites) and Coleoptera (all sites except one) were the primary prey. Occurrence in faeces of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and other taxa combined, varied across sites and across seasons, but there was no three-way interaction between taxon, site and season. Comparison of insect taxa in faeces with those captured in a light-trap set at foraging grounds indicated that insects were selectively captured by R. megaphyllus. The foraging ecology of R. megaphyllus is similar to that of other horseshoe bats in its relative stability across a large geographic range. Although the species is currently not of conservation concern in Australia, aspects of its foraging ecology suggest that it may become regionally threatened in areas with high levels of vegetation clearance.

Reproduction in sympatric lizards: comparison of two species of Ctenotus (Scincidae) in south-eastern Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
New South ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Testis Volume ◽  
Myall Lakes

The scincid lizards Ctenotus robustus and C. taeniolatus occur sympatrically in regenerating, sand-mined areas in the Port Stephens–Myall Lakes region, coastal New South Wales, Australia. They are absent from the unmined open forest of the area. The reproductive characteristics of these two species were compared. Males reached sexual maturity at a smaller snout–vent length (SVL) than females in C. robustus (72 mm v. 78 mm) and C. taeniolatus (49 mm v. 52 mm). Males were reproductive from August to December and maximum testis volume in both species occurred in early spring; minimum testis volume was recorded in early autumn. Females of both species contained yolking follicles or eggs from October to January (spring–summer). Clutch size in C. robustus (4–9) did not differ significantly from that in C. taeniolatus (2–7) when SVL was accounted for. Both species laid eggs in nests dug 4–5 cm deep in open sandy areas with sparse vegetation, and nesting requirements might explain their absence from open forest. At hatching, C. robustus averaged 35.9 mm SVL and C. taeniolatus averaged 29.9 mm SVL. Hatchlings of both species were at field sites from mid-January to early April. Overall, reproductive characteristics of C. robustus and C. taeniolatus were generally similar.

Environmental Conditions Required for Germination of Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Various environmental factors were tested under laboratory conditions to determine their effects on germination of seeds of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL. ♯3SIDSP). Neither freezing and thawing nor moist chilling at 5 C promoted seed germination. However, increasing the incubation temperature and subjecting seeds to wet-dry cycles enhanced germination; high temperatures were more effective than alternate wetting and drying. Shifting seeds from a lower to a higher temperature regime increased germination. Seeds shifted from 15/6, 20/10, 25/15, or 30/15 C to higher regimes of 20/10, 25/15, 30/15, 35/20, or 40/25 C germinated to greater percentages than did seeds kept continuously at the lower thermoperiods. With an increase in length of time seeds were at a lower temperature, there was an increase in the percentage that germinated after they were moved to a higher regime.

Low Temperature Die Attach Material

1989 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Blocker ◽  
Tom L. Herrington ◽  
My N. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Sintering Characteristics

AbstractA new silver lead phosphovanadate glass die attach material is discussed. Its sintering characteristics are examined by dilatometry and the organic system by thermo gravimetric analysis. Sintering is found to occur at lower temperature than conventional silver glass systems. This is caused by reaction between silver and one of the glass components during heat treatment. The vehicle is found to evaporate faster allowing void free processing for large area dice.The new glass combined with a more volatile organic system has produced a single pass die attach material which can be fired as low as 360°C.

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