Spore Populations and Infectivity of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in New South Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Hayman ◽  
GE Stovold
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Soil

Spores of vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi were found in all 73 soil samples collected from different parts of New South Wales. Their numbers ranged widely from site to site (from 2 to 1952 spores per 100 g dry soil) and varied considerably for the same crop at different sites (e.g. from 47 to 464 spores per 100 g dry soil for wheat). In general there were more spores in agricultural than in native grassland-bush soils. Of the eight species found, Acaulospora laevis and Glomus mosseae were the commonest. Small spores of the Glomus fasciculatus and G. microcarpus groups were also frequent but Gigaspora spp. were fairly rare. Usually more than two VA species occurred at each site. The infectivity of the VA population in soil, assayed by measuring the rate of mycorrhizal develop- ment in clover seedlings, did not correlate with spore numbers.

Increasing mycorrhizal colonisation does not improve growth and nutrition of wheat on Vertosols in south-eastern Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ryan ◽  
R. M. Norton ◽  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
K. M. McCormick ◽  
S. E. Knights ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fungal Colonisation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Most crops host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Canola and other brassicas are some of the few exceptions. This study examined AM fungal colonisation, uptake of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn), growth, and yield of wheat following brassicas and crops that host AMF in 5 crop-sequence experiments in southern New South Wales and Victoria. All experiments were on alkaline Vertosols, similar to soils in the northern wheatbelt on which low AM fungal colonisation of wheat following canola, or long-fallow, has been reported to induce poor crop growth. Soils with a broad range of extractable P concentrations were chosen. AM fungal colonisation of wheat was generally lower following brassicas than hosts of AMF, although this varied with year and location. The effect on wheat AM fungal colonisation levels did not vary between brassicas with differing levels and types of root glucosinolates. Low AM fungal colonisation did not affect early wheat growth, pre-anthesis P and Zn uptake, or yield. A positive relationship between AM fungal colonisation and grain Zn and P concentrations occurred in one experiment. High levels of colonisation by AMF did not protect crop roots from damage by root pathogens and high levels of pathogen damage made interpretation of results difficult in some instances. As these findings are consistent with results from an experiment on an acidic Kandosol in southern New South Wales, it appears farmers do not need to consider the degree to which wheat will be colonised by AMF when planning crop sequences in south-eastern Australia.

Mycorrhizas and Root Attributes of Plants of Coastal Sand-Dunes of New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
VS Logan ◽  
PJ Clarke ◽  
WG Allaway
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
New South ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Coastal Sand Dunes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Coastal Sand

Root samples of 41 sand-dune plant species in 28 families were collected from sites along the coast of New South Wales during spring 1987. Of the species, 36 had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, with vesicles and internal and external hyphae. Among these species there was great variation in the pro- portion of root length colonised by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (from 1 to 96%); in 33 species over 10% of root length was infected. Of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal species, 21 showed arbuscules, and 16 had intracellular hyphal coils. In four plant species mycorrhizas were not found in the single samples examined; ericoid mycorrhizas were present in the remaining species, Leucopogon parviflorus, but its vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status could not be assessed. The results, though preliminary, may reflect a high vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of vegetation of coastal sand-dunes of New South Wales. This would be likely to enhance plant nutrition and sandbinding, and to have implications for sand-dune management.

Colonisation of wheat in southern New South Wales by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is significantly reduced by drought

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Ryan ◽  
JE Ash
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Colonisation of wheat crops by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was examined on a pair of adjacent organic and conventionally managed farms in southern New South Wales during 1993-94. Although intended to be part of a larger study on the roles of VAM fungi in organic and conventional farming systems, the severe drought of 1994 allowed an examination of the effects of drought on VAM fungi. In 1993, rainfall was above average, crop growth was good and VAM fungi colonised between 40 and 70% of crop root length. In 1994, low rainfall resulted in poor crop growth, and colonisation by VAM fungi was significantly lower than in 1993, ranging between 5 and 16% in the crops most affected by the drought. Wheat plants adjacent to tree lines exhibited particularly poor growth and low VAM colonisation, presumably due to the trees competing with the crop for water. The lower colonisation of crops by VAM fungi in 1994 resulted in reduced inoculum levels in the soil which could affect growth of a subsequent VAM-dependent crop. In contrast to the results of research carried out under conditions of milder drought stress, the low level of VAM colonisation found in this study suggests that the VAM fungi had no significant role in alleviating the drought stress experienced by the crop.

Effect of surface-sown pod:seed mixtures on serradella establishment and persistence on rangelands in central New South Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
D. L. Michalk ◽  
M. H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Aerial sowing is the only option for introducing improved pasture species into much of the non-arable, acid soil rangelands in central New South Wales. However, low germination of seeds in serradella pods is a major problem causing poor establishment. Sowing different combinations of pod and seed was investigated as a means of improving germination and subsequent persistence in an experiment between 1993 and 1997. Results indicated that a pod:seed mixture of 75:25 was the most suitable ratio for establishing yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) when broadcast into native grassland on hardsetting, non-arable, acidic hill country. Nodulation failure observed at this cold tablelands site confirmed the need for a more winter-active inoculant for yellow serradella.

Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Festuca in the western United States and Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 1691-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph J. Molina ◽  
James M. Trappe ◽  
Gerald S. Strickler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Festuca Idahoensis

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and associated mycorrhizal fungi were examined for Festuca viridula, Festuca idahoensis, Festuca scabrella, Festuca thurberi, Festuca ovina, and Festuca arizonica occurring in Festuca-dominated grasslands in the western United States and Canada. All plants were mycorrhizal. Nearly all had mycorrhizal infection in 75% or more of their fine root length. Although levels of infection were consistently high, spore numbers were generally low. No differences in the degree of infection between Festuca species or habitats were observed.Eleven mycorrhizal fungi were identified and ranked by decreasing frequency as follows: Glomus fasciculatus, Glomus tenuis, Gigaspora calospora, Acaulospora laevis, Glomus macrocarpus var. macrocarpus, Glomus microcarpus, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus mosseae, Glomus macrocarpus var. geosporus, Sclerocystis rubiformis, and an unidentified Acaulospora species. It was common to find two or more species infecting an individual plant. The mean number of fungal associates per community site ranged from 2.7 species for F. idahoensis to 5.0 species for F. arizonica. We found no evidence for specificity of any of the mycorrhizal fungi for any particular Festuca host.

Ecological interaction of little bluestem and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Dickman ◽  
Anthony E. Liberta ◽  
Roger C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Vam Colonization ◽  
Hill Prairie

The percentage of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) (Michx.) Nash.) and VAM spore populations in the rhizosphere of little bluestem from four prairie areas in Illinois were studied. At Goose Lake Prairie, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) was found between soil moisture and density of VAM spores, but soil moisture and percent VAM colonization were not significantly correlated at any of its sites. Percentage of VAM colonization tended to be higher at study areas where little bluestem was a dominant species. However, spore numbers and abundance of little bluestem tended to be inversely related. Colonization decreased from May to July at all areas and this trend frequently continued into September. Month of sample collection had no significant effect on spore numbers except at Reavis Hill Prairie. The endophyte isolated at all areas was Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. Other species, such as Gigaspora heterogama (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe and Acaulospora laevis Gerd. & Trappe, were more restricted in their distribution.

The Australian zygomycetous mycorrhizal fungi. II. Further Australian sporocarpic Glomaceae

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. McGee ◽  
James M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
New Records ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

Glomus atrouva, G. canum, G. cuneatum and G. pellucidum sp. nov. are described from eastern New South Wales. New distributional data and redescriptions are presented for G. australe, G. fuegianum, G. fulvum and G. pubescens, the last three being first reports for Australia. New records of G. caledonium,G. macrocarpum and G. tenerum are also included.

Introduction of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into agricultural soils

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
IR Hall
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi

Two species of vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi were introduced into agricultural soils at four field sites. Three sites were chosen, on the basis of a previous survey, to give a range in the expected extent and rate of mycorrhizal formation by the indigenous fungi. The fourth site had recently been cleared of natural vegetation and ploughed. The success of inoculation with Glomus fasciculatum and G. monosporum was measured by estimating the extent of mycorrhizas formed by the inoculant fungi and by recording growth of subterranean clover. The effects of inoculating with these two mycorrhizal fungi on the development of mycorrhizas formed by the indigenous fungi were also followed in detail. At two sites, infection by G. fasciculatum was increased in the plots where this species was added in the inoculum. Growth was temporarily enhanced after inoculation with G. fasciculatum at one of these sites. This corresponded with a temporary increase in the percentage of root length infected as a result of inoculation. Plants grown at the two sites where G. fasciculatum became established had a slower rate of development of infection by the indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi compared with that formed by the indigenous species at the other two sites.

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