Seasonal Shoot Growth of Eucalyptus spp. In the Brisbane Area of Queensland (With Notes on Shoot Growth and Litter Fall in Other Areas of Australia)

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht ◽  
YM Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Winter Depression ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Mean

Field data, collected at fortnightly intervals over a period of three years, show a distinctly bimodal rhythm in the shoot growth of Eucalyptus species in the Brisbane area of Queensland. Maximum growth occurs in autumn and spring; growth is reduced during summer and, apart from periods of warmer weather, virtually ceases during winter. The bimodal growth rhythm is due to the interacting influence of unimodal curves relating monthly values for dry matter production of the leaf canopy to the respective effects of mean daily temperature, intensity of solar radiation, and available water. When the mean monthly temperature falls below 16-18°C, most photosynthates are translocated to stems and roots: little canopy growth then occurs, thus accentuating the winter depression in shoot growth. Shoot growth in the Brisbane region is compared with that observed in other areas of Australia. Shoot growth is minimal in plant communities dominated by: (a) arid to subhumid species of Acacia when the mean monthly temperature falls below 24-26°C (b) Eucalyptus spp., Myoporum sp., Heterodendrum sp. and dominant heath species when the mean monthly temperature falls below 16-18° (c) Acmena smithii (at least at Wilson's Promontory) and Leptospermum myrsinoides when the temperature falls below 13-14° (d) Pinus radiata when the temperature falls below 10°. In contrast, Nothofagus cunninghamii shows little shoot growth when the temperature rises above 16°.

scholarly journals Phosphate forms in plant and their internal buffering in five soybean cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Luciana Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Source And Sink ◽  
Storage Ability

Differences among plants in their ability to support nutritional stress periods may be caused by a differential vacuole capacity of ion storage and release and may also depend on the intensity of nutrient re-translocation under such conditions. In five soybean cultivars, submitted to eight days of P deprivation, the dry matter production and the contents of three phosphorus (P) forms - inorganic (Pi), organic (Po), and acid-soluble total (Pts) of different plant organs were determined. Pi release velocity (RSPi) was estimated as the tangent to the equations obtained for Pi f(t) at the point t = 2 days (the mean point in the period of greatest Pi decrease), considering that -deltaPi/deltat expresses the rate of Pi release. The internal Pi buffering capacity (IBCPi) was calculated as the inverse of the RSPi. Cultivars' differences in size of the non-metabolic Pi pool, RSPi, and the ability to transport Pi from less to more actively metabolizing regions were evaluated. The preferential Pi source and sink compartments under limited P absorption conditions were also evaluated. The cultivar Santa Rosa showed the highest Pi storage ability when the external supply was high, and a more intensive release under low P supply conditions than IAC8 and UFV1. The cultivar Uberaba was superior to Doko in its ability to store and use Pi. In all cultivars, upper leaves and roots were the main sink of Pi stored in the middle and lower leaves. Roots and upper leaves showed larger RSPi and lower IBCPi values than middle and lower leaves.

A quantitative study of the effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of Festuca arundinacea

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation

Single plants of Festuca arundinacea (cv. S170) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and the sequence of effects on the growth of the whole plant and of various organs followed by means of growth analysis. The first effect of GA was to change the distribution of dry matter between shoot and root and between tillers within the shoot without affecting total plant weight. Shoot growth was increased and resulted in a larger amount of photosynthetic tissue with a higher net assimilation rate; total plant weight increased as a consequence of these effects. The significance of these results in interpreting previous work on the effects of GA on dry matter production in grasses and other plants is discussed.

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

scholarly journals Germination and vigor of Encholirium spectabile seeds according to geographical region, substrate and sowing position

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e865986245
Author(s):  
Ariana Veras de Araújo ◽  
Monalisa Alves Diniz da Silva ◽  
André Pereira Freire Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Geographic Regions

Given the potential for commercial exploitation of E. spectabile and aiming to curb predatory extractivism, the development of researches that guide its cultivation becomes relevant. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different substrates and seed positions at sowing on the germination and vigor of seeds from two geographical regions. The experiment design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial design (seeds from two geographic regions:  i.e., Serra Talhada-PE and Graça-CE, both in Brazil; four substrates: blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber: and two sowing positions: over and in between the substrate). Sowing on blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber, in general, was favorable to germination and germination speed index for seeds from both geographic regions. Sowing in between coconut fiber was detrimental to germination and root development regardless of the seed geographical region. However, sowing in between and over coconut fiber and in between sand favored shoot growth. The best combinations for dry matter production were sowing over paper and sand. The substrates blotting paper, sand, coconut fiber and vermiculite are favorable to E. spectabile seed germination regardless of geographic regions, provided that the sowing is made over the substrates.

Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinusresinosa at exponentially increasing nutrient additions

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Timmer ◽  
G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Containerized red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings were reared on different fertility regimes that compared conventional applications of a recommended 39 mg N per seedling as a complete nutrient solution (175 mg N•L−1) with more frequent applications of an equal, one-half, or one-quarter amount of nutrients delivered at exponentially increasing solution concentrations over the same time period. Height growth, dry matter production, and root development at the end of the greenhouse rotation was significantly greater for seedlings receiving nutrients at exponentially rather than constantly increasing rates, although shoot growth among the three exponential treatments did not differ significantly. The increased yield was attributed to improved seedling nutrition as fertilizer addition rates better matched exponential growth development and nutrient consumption of the plants. The results indicate that superior seedlings can be grown successfully at low concentrations of nutrient solution, applying only one-quarter of the fertilizer dose conventionally used for container stock production.

Significance of the Coupling between Saturation Vapour Pressure Deficit and Rainfall in Monsoon Climates

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Screen Height ◽  
Saturation Vapour Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

SUMMARYIn monsoon climates, the mean daytime saturation vapour pressure deficit (D), measured at screen height, decreases from a maximum of 3–4 kPa attained several months before rain arrives to a minimum of 0.5–1 kPa in the month of highest rainfall. Climatic records from India and West Africa were analysed to give the relation between D and precipitation (P mm month−1) as:where n ranged from 0.5 to 0.9 between stations.The dependence of dry matter production on D and therefore on P is evaluated when growth is restricted by rain and when this restriction is removed by irrigation. In the first case, the decrease in demand for water associated with a decrease in D is comparable in importance with the increase of water supply (P). The analysis has implications for the marginal response of crops to supplemental irrigation and for the interpretation of experiments with a line-source or rain-shelter.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and energy balance of a short-rotation poplar forest system.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. van Veen ◽  
H. Breteler ◽  
J.J. Olie ◽  
M.J. Frissel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The Mean

The mean annual dry matter production of a short-rotation poplar forest in the Netherlands was 14.4 tonnes ha-1 during a 5-year growing period. During the growing period trees took up 542 kg N ha-1 of which 64 % was in the bole and branches. In the 5th year denitrification was measured in undisturbed columns in the field by the acetylene-inhibition technique. An annual denitrification rate of 18 kg N ha-1 was estimated on the basis of the observed N2O profile. The system needed an annual input of 122 kg N ha-1 to balance the nitrogen budget. The energy balance showed that at the present dry matter production the system had a net output of 54 GJ ha-1 year-1. An increase in dry matter production to a maximum of 25 tonnes ha-1 year-1, possible by planting the trees at a higher density, would raise the net energy output to 97 GJ ha-1 year-1, in spite of higher energy inputs associated with fertilizer applications. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals 528 Modeling of Fruit Set in Apple—Approaches, Model Structure, and Initial Results

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 486B-486
Author(s):  
Alan N. Lakso ◽  
Michael D. White
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Carbon Availability ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
Initial Results

Several models of apple tree carbon balance have been developed, including a simplified model by our lab. Tree photosynthesis and total dry matter production is the best characterized except for root growth and root respiration. Once dry matter is produced and partitioned to the different organs (another key problem for modeling), the effects of carbon availability to the fruits on their growth and abscission needs to be modeled. Our approach is based on an observed relationship between increased abscission with decreased fruit growth rate of populations of fruit. From several empirical studies of fruit growth and abscission during chemical thinning or imposed stress early in the season, a relationship was found between % abscission and classes of fruit growth rates. It appears to be best if the fruit growth rate is expressed as a percent of the growth rate of the fastest growing group of fruits in each study. Thus in the model the fruit growth allowed by the available carbon each day is compared to a pre-determined maximum growth rate for the cultivar. The percent-of-maximum growth rate then determines how much abscission will occur. Then the growth rate of the remaining fruit is calculated. Additional parameters of the model allowed for a multiple-day buffer of carbon availability, an imposed fruit number reduction (i.e. equivalent to hand thinning), and temperature effects. Although there are more improvements planned, the initial tests have been promising with the simulations showing realistic patterns of fruit abscission and fruit growth.

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