Physical Constraint and Tiller Growth in Wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RA Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Physical Constraint ◽  
Vertical Slit ◽  
Natural Constraint ◽  
Primary Shoot

Young wheat seedlings were subjected to mild physical constraint by placing short plastic collars with internal diameters of 1.5, 1.7 and 2.0 mm around the coleoptile close to the grain. In others the natural constraint of the coleoptile was reduced experimentally by making a vertical slit just above the site of the coleoptile tiller. The narrowest of the plastic collars reduced the growth of the primary shoot, but the others did not. Collars of all sizes prevented the emergence of all tillers sited immediately within them, though the coleoptile tiller, and occasionally the first tiller 'escaped' through the coleoptile or leaf sheath tissues below the collar. The coleoptile tillers of about half of the surgically treated seedlings grew vigorously, but those of the control plants did not. The results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that physical constraint can be an impor- tant determinant of developmental events within shoot apical systems.

scholarly journals Impact of aluminium (al3+) stress on germination and seedling growth of five wheat genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
SC Sarker ◽  
SR Ghosh ◽  
MJ Hossain ◽  
RC Ghosh ◽  
S Razia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

A Petridish and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted at Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany and Agriculture Chemistry Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from August to October 2011 to investigate the effect of aluminium on morphological characters and growth of wheat seedlings. The experiment comprised of two levels of aluminium concentrations viz., 0 μM (control) and 100 μM and five varieties viz; Kanchan, Shatabdi, Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). The experiment was laid out in two factors completely randomized design with three replications. Applications of 100 μM aluminium had a profound influence on hypocotyls and epicotyls length, germination percentages, and rootshoot length, fresh and dry mass production in wheat. Results indicated that germination percentage, hypocotyls and epicotyls length, root and shoot length, leaf length, leaf sheath length, plant height, fresh and dry mass plant were greater in control than aluminium stress conditions. It revealed that wheat seedlings are susceptible to aluminium stress. However, among the varieties, the reduction of dry mass under aluminium stress was minimum in Shatabdi followed by Kanchan showed that Shatabdi was more tolerant to aluminium stress than the other varieties namely Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). Sufi and Sourav were more susceptible to aluminium stress. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 65-76 (2019)

Localization of Benzoxazinones that Occur Constitutively in Wheat Seedlings

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Iwamura ◽  
Eri Nakagawa ◽  
Nobuhiro Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Plant Stage

Occurrence and localization of novel antimicrobial and antifeeding compounds in wheat, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA ) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), and their glucosides, were examined by staining wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L.) in the juvenile stage of growth by ferric chloride. The methanol extracts of the stained plant tissues gave a characteristic blue color, which was shown by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses to be exclusively due to benzoxazinones. When ferric chloride was applied to the root in the seedlings, the blue color immediately developed, the staining being strongest at the tip region and becoming lighter towards the basal part. The staining pattern of the radicle in the pre-emerging seed was similar to that in the root, but the coleorhiza was not stained. Little staining was observed in the epidermal layer of the leaf sheath in the shoot but the underlying tissue was stained strongly. The foliage leaf folded in the sheath was also stained, but less intense than the sheath tissue. It is suggested that the DIBOA and DIMBOA are produced within the stained region of the leaf and root. Together with previous findings that the benzoxazinones appear constitutively in wheat during the juvenile stage of growth, their localized occurrence in the tissues exposed to microbial and insect attacks suggests that they act as defense compounds during this vulnerable plant stage.

scholarly journals A simple method for the application of exogenous phytohormones to the grass leaf base protodermal zone to improve grass leaf epidermis development research

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieping Li ◽  
Xinlei Feng ◽  
Jinjin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Asymmetrical Division

Abstract Background The leaf epidermis functions to prevent the loss of water and reduce gas exchange. As an interface between the plant and its external environment, it helps prevent damage, making it an attractive system for studying cell fate and development. In monocotyledons, the leaf epidermis grows from the basal meristem that contains protodermal cells. Leaf protoderm zone is covered by the leaf sheath or coleoptile in maize and wheat, preventing traditional exogenous phytohormone application methods, such as directly spraying on the leaf surface or indirectly via culture media, from reaching the protoderm areas directly. The lack of a suitable application method limits research on the effect of phytohormone on the development of grass epidermis. Results Here, we describe a direct and straightforward method to apply exogenous phytohormones to the leaf protoderms of maize and wheat. We used the auxin analogs 2,4-D and cytokinin analogs 6-BA to test the system. After 2,4-D treatment, the asymmetrical division events and initial stomata development were decreased, and the subsidiary cells were induced in maize, the number of GMC (guard mother cell), SMC (subsidiary mother cell) and young stomata were increased in wheat, and the size of the epidermal cells increased after 6-BA treatment in maize. Thus, the method is suitable for the application of phytohormone to the grass leaf protodermal areas. Conclusions The method to apply hormones to the mesocotyls of maize and wheat seedlings is simple and direct. Only a small amount of externally applied substances are needed to complete the procedure in this method. The entire experimental process lasts for ten days generally, and it is easy to evaluate the phytohormones’ effect on the epidermis development.

Lectin activity of winter wheat seedlings affected by eyespot causal agent under the action of Bacillus subtilis 537/Б1 bacterial isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. Musiienko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ju. Pys'menna ◽  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

Cereals frost resistance correlates with an integral indicators of content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
O. I. Horielova ◽  
◽  
N. I. Ryabchun ◽  
M. A. Shkliarevskyi ◽  
A. M. Reznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Adult Plants

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.

Effects of Betaine on Chloroplast Protective Enzymes andpsbAGene Expression in Wheat Seedlings under Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei HOU ◽  
Jun-Qing MA ◽  
Peng-Fei ZHAO ◽  
Huan-Ling ZHANG ◽  
Hui-Jie ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Protective Enzymes
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