Shoot Population Dynamics of Carex kobomugi on a Coastal Sand Dune in Relation to its Zonal Distribution

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-I. Ishikawa ◽  
N. Kachi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Carex Kobomugi

Shoot population dynamics of Carex kobomugi Ohwi, a rhizomatous perennial sedge with a guerilla-type growth form, dominating on Japanese coastal dunes, were examined to detect factors generating the zonal distribution pattern of the plant species. Relative growth rate of shoot (RGRS) and number of branching shoots formed by a mother shoot in a year (NBr) were measured in three populations occurring at three different distances from the shoreline. In 1992, Carex kobomugi shoots at the most inland site (90 m from the shoreline), where Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii dominated and soil-water salinity is always low, showed the lowest RGRS (0.0172 g g-1 day-1 from April to June and 0.00079 g g-1 day-1 in July) and the smallest NBr (1.3 shoots shoot-1 year–1 averaged for 3 years). Shoots of the species at the most seaward site (40 m from the shoreline), where the soil-water salinity is always higher than that of more inland sites, showed the highest RGRS (0.0228 g g-1 day-1 from April to June and 0.0093 g g-1 day-1 in July) and the largest NBr (2.5 shoots-1). However, Carex kobomugi population at the 40 m site had a high fraction of injured shoots (46% of total shoots sampled), which were recorded as shoots without any greenish above-ground part, and high mortality (0.34) due to temporal flooding of sea water caused by storms. In the intermediate site (70 m from the shoreline), Carex kobomugi had intermediateRGRS and NBr with low injury rate. The NBr value, however, showed a decreasing trend over the 3 years of observation, suggesting deteriorating effects of intraspecific competition on population dynamics. In the spring of the fourth year, shoots of Carex kobomugi at 70 m and 90 m from the shoreline produced 1.2 to 2.0 times higher number of buds per shoot than the 3-year-averaged NBrs. This suggests that some fractions of the buds were terminated or became dormant through intra- and/or inter-specific competition. The sparse distribution of Carex kobomugi at the 90 m site may be dictated by its competitive inferiority to Imperata cylindrica which has a denser root system and an aggressive growth form of a phalanx type.

A simple numerical model to estimate water availability in saline soils

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mahnaz Khataar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate

We developed a numerical model to predict soil salinity from knowledge of evapotranspiration rate, crop salt tolerance, irrigation water salinity, and soil hydraulic properties. Using the model, we introduced a new weighting function to express the limitation imposed by salinity on plant available water estimated by the integral water capacity concept. Lower and critical limits of soil water uptake by plants were also defined. We further analysed the sensitivity of model results to underlying parameters using characteristics given for corn, cowpea, and barley in the literature and two clay and sandy loam soils obtained from databases. Results showed that, between two irrigation events, soil salinity increased nonlinearly with decreasing soil water content especially when evapotranspiration and soil drainage rate were high. The salinity weighting function depended greatly on the plant sensitivity to salinity and irrigation water salinity. This research confirmed that both critical and lower limits (in terms of water content) of soil water uptake by plants increased with evapotranspiration rate and irrigation water salinity. Since the presented approach is based on a physical concept and well-known plant parameters, soil hydraulic characteristics, irrigation water salinity, and meteorological conditions, it may be useful in spatio-temporal modelling of soil water quality and quantity and prediction of crop yield.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil and soil-water salinity in Ben Tre province by electromagnetic technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-516
Author(s):  
Le Ngoc Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Quang Dung ◽  
Luu Hai Tung
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Data Point ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Assessment of soil and soil-water salinity is essential in agricultural production, therefore it is necessary to find out the non-costly, effective, rapid and reliable integrated methodology for this purpose. The paper presents the results of using the electromagnetic induction instrument EM31-MK2Ô in combination with collecting and analyzing soil and soil-water samples, and applying GIS and geostatistical techniques to assess the current status of soil and soil-water salinity in Ben Tre province. Apparent soil electrical conductivity ECa measured from ground surface to 6 m in depth increases from inland to the sea in northwest - southeast direction; ECa is closely related to topsoil salinity to 30 cm deep and to soil-water salinity at depth of 10–100 cm. Current status of soil and soil-water salinity in 2018 was assessed with a 4-fold increase in information, from 16 km2/data point to 4 km2/data point. Consequently four maps were established, consisting of electrical conductivity ECe and total solube salt TSS distributions of soil; electrical conductivity σw and total dissolved solid TDS distributions of soil-water.

Daily inundation induced seasonal variation in the vertical distribution of soil water salinity in an estuarine mangrove forest under a tropical monsoon climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-649
Author(s):  
Akira Komiyama ◽  
Sasitorn Poungparn ◽  
Suthathip Umnouysin ◽  
Chadtip Rodtassana ◽  
Shogo Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Tropical Monsoon ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI AKIBAT INOKULASI BAKTERI RHIZOBIUM DAN PENAMBAHAN HARA AIR LAUT

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Eny Fuskhah ◽  
Adriani Darmawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The research aim is to use sea water as nutrient source of plant especially soybean, so it reduces amount of anorganic fertilizer usage. The research held in green house of Ecology and Plant Production Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Faculty, Diponegoro University Semarang. Sea water as sample was taken from Semarang Marina Beach. Soybean which choosen is local bean of Grobogan. The design arranged was completely randomized design with factorial design 4 x 2 in 4 replications. First factor was sea water salinity level, L0 = without sea water and without mulch, L1 = sea water EC 1 mmhos/cm and water hyacinth mulch of 8 tons/ha, L2 = sea water EC 2 mmhos/cm and water hyacinth mulch of 8 tons/ha, L3 = sea water EC 3 mmhos/cm and water hyacinth mulch of 8 tons/ha. The second factor was Rhizobium inoculation, R1 = without rhizobium inoculation, and R2 = with Rhizobium inoculation. The parameters were length plant, number of leaves, fresh weight production of shoot and dry matter production. Based on variant analysis, showed no influenced between sea water salinity level and rhizobium inoculation againt to length plant, number of leaves, fresh weight production of shoot and dry matter production. Sea water and rhizobium inoculation tended to increase growth and production of soybean.Key words : soybean, nutrient of sea water, rhizobium, growth, production.

Reducing Activity and the Formation of Base in the Shore Crab, Carcinus Maenas

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. B. Digby
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Calcareous Deposits ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Diffusion Potentials ◽  
Active Processes

Crustacean cuticle consists essentially of chitin impregnated and coated with protein which is tanned with quinone (Dennell, 1947a). The outer surface is most heavily tanned, and the cuticle is further strengthened by calcification. The various theories as to the mechanism of calcification in crustacean and other biological material have been reviewed briefly by Digby (1967). Most appear unsatisfactory for various reasons, and evidence was outlined that calcification might arise from the formation of base by processes which are essentially electrochemical in origin. The quinone-tanned protein of the cuticle is electrically semiconducting and supports electrode action in suitable gradients of potential (Digby, 1965), and small potential differences may arise by diffusion or by active processes. Thus the deposition of calcareous salts might arise partly at least by action comparable to that which takes place at a metallic cathode. In support of this, the position of the initial calcareous deposits in Carcinus maenas (L.) was found to change with the gradient of sea-water salinity in the manner expected if some control were exercised by diffusion potentials, acting across a thin semiconducting layer to generate small changes of pH (Digby, 1968).

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