Studies of the family Proteaceae. I. Anatomy and morphology of the roots of some Victorian species

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Purnell
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Proteoid Root

The term ''proteoid root" is defined. The morphological and anatomical features of such roots are described. A shorn account is given of the anatomy of the primary root and of roots in which secondary growth has occurred. The types of root system found among representative Victorian genera are also described.

The morphology and anatomy of proteoid roots in the genus Hakea

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Proteoid Roots ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
As Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Proteoid Root

This paper extends the introductory work of Purnell(1960) on proteoid roots in the family Proteaceae by a detailed study of the genus Hakea, with special reference to H. prostrata. The presence of proteoid roots is reported in 63 Hakea species. Their relative contribution to the root system is related to such plant factors as species, age, and cotyledon size. The dimensions of proteoid roots are dependent on plant age and species. The morphology and anatomy of these structures are described. Endophytic microorganisms are not normally associated with proteoid roots. Proteoid rootlets survive 2-3 months, though their parent roots last indefinitely. Proteoid roots are produced by the youngest roots in the root system. While proteoid rootlets arise laterally, the parent root may arise either laterally or adventitiously. Both proteoid and non-proteoid roots may be initiated within a proteoid root.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL-ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE LEAVES STRUCTURE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FAMILY LAURACEAE

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Posochova ◽  
◽  
O. P. Khvorost ◽  
Yu. A. Fedchenkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Comprehensive Genome-Wide Association Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of Root System Architecture in Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldiodio Seck ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
François Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide

Increasing the understanding genetic basis of the variability in root system architecture (RSA) is essential to improve resource-use efficiency in agriculture systems and to develop climate-resilient crop cultivars. Roots being underground, their direct observation and detailed characterization are challenging. Here, were characterized twelve RSA-related traits in a panel of 137 early maturing soybean lines (Canadian soybean core collection) using rhizoboxes and two-dimensional imaging. Significant phenotypic variation (P < 0.001) was observed among these lines for different RSA-related traits. This panel was genotyped with 2.18 million genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a combination of genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. A total of 10 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions were detected for root total length and primary root diameter through a comprehensive genome-wide association study. These QTL regions explained from 15 to 25% of the phenotypic variation and contained two putative candidate genes with homology to genes previously reported to play a role in RSA in other species. These genes can serve to accelerate future efforts aimed to dissect genetic architecture of RSA and breed more resilient varieties.

Notoparmelia, a new genus of Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) based on overlooked reproductive anatomical features, phylogeny and distribution pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana FERENCOVA ◽  
Paloma CUBAS ◽  
Pradeep Kumar DIVAKAR ◽  
M. Carmen MOLINA ◽  
Ana CRESPO
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Correlated Characters ◽  
Polysaccharide Matrix ◽  
Fine Morphology

AbstractThe importance of the anatomy and fine morphology of reproductive structures for the systematics of the family Parmeliaceae is highlighted by the new genus Notoparmelia, described here for Australasian species of Parmelia. These species were known to form a monophyletic lineage but correlated characters for its delimitation were lacking. A major characteristic used here for the circumscription of this genus is the overlooked apothecial anatomy. The proper exciple is reduced to one layer formed exclusively by large hyphae without any clear branching pattern and embedded in an abundant polysaccharide matrix. This feature differs from the rest of Parmeliaceae which have a stratified three-layered proper exciple composed of a thin hyaline layer, intermediate layer and basal cortex-like structure. The anatomy of proper exciple, together with the thickness of spore walls and other morphological characters such as lobe morphology, pseudocyphellae and rhizine type, allow a precise diagnosis of the new genus. The area of distribution is also useful for characterizing this genus. Sixteen new combinations are proposed.

Structure of the secondary xylem and development of a cambial variant in Serjania mexicana (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Amit D. Gondaliya ◽  
Roger Moya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Cambial Variant ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The lianas in the family Sapindaceae are known for their unique secondary growth which differs from climbing species in other plant families in terms of their cambial variants. The present study deals with the stem anatomy of self-supporting and lianescent habit, development of phloem wedges, the ontogeny of cambial variants and structure of the secondary xylem in the stems of Serjania mexicana (L.) Willd. Thick stems (15–20 mm) were characterized by the presence of distinct phloem wedges and tangentially wide neo-formed cambial cylinders. As the stem diameter increases, there is a proportional increase in the number of phloem wedges and neo-formed vascular cylinders. The parenchymatous (pericyclic) cells external to phloem wedges that are located on the inner margin of the pericyclic fibres undergo dedifferentiation, become meristematic and form small segments of cambial cylinders. These cambia extend tangentially into wide and large segments of neoformations. Structurally, the secondary xylem and phloem of the neo-formed vascular cylinders remain similar to the derivatives produced by the regular vascular cambium. The secondary xylem is composed of vessels (wide and narrow), fibres, axial and ray parenchyma cells. The occurrence of perforated ray cells is a common feature in both regular and variant xylem.

scholarly journals AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALISED PROTEIN 18 as a Novel Modulator of Root System Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Šírl ◽  
Tereza Šnajdrová ◽  
Dolores Gutiérrez-Alanís ◽  
Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽  
Jean Phillipe Vielle-Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation

The AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN (AHL) gene family encodes embryophyte-specific nuclear proteins with DNA binding activity. They modulate gene expression and affect various developmental processes in plants. We identify AHL18 (At3G60870) as a developmental modulator of root system architecture and growth. AHL18 regulates the length of the proliferation domain and number of dividing cells in the root apical meristem and thereby, cell production. Both primary root growth and lateral root development respond according to AHL18 transcription level. The ahl18 knock-out plants show reduced root systems due to a shorter primary root and a lower number of lateral roots. This change results from a higher number of arrested and non-developing lateral root primordia (LRP) rather than from decreased initiation. Overexpression of AHL18 results in a more extensive root system, longer primary roots, and increased density of lateral root initiation events. Formation of lateral roots is affected during the initiation of LRP and later development. AHL18 regulate root apical meristem activity, lateral root initiation and emergence, which is in accord with localization of its expression.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ON EUPHORBIA ESULA L.: MORPHOLOGY OF THE ROOT SYSTEM

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Raju ◽  
T. A. Steeves ◽  
R. T. Coupland
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Adverse Conditions

The significance of Euphorbia esula L. as a weed is related to its capacity to persist under adverse conditions and to its mode of reproduction. In both these properties, the root system plays an important role. The root system is initially established by seedlings. The seedling has a vigorous primary root with extensive longitudinal growth and considerable cambial activity. Such a root has been designated a "long" root. By contrast, the first lateral roots produced on the primary root have limited growth and no cambial activity. These roots have been termed "short" roots. Thus, the seedling exhibits a "heterorhizic" pattern. Lateral long roots also arise on the primary root of seedlings but their origin is delayed until cambial activity has begun. Such lateral long roots arise much earlier on seedlings growing in denuded areas than on those growing in areas covered by dense vegetation. The mature root system is described in terms of horizontal and vertical long roots, which make up the conspicuous framework of the system, and of the short roots which they produce. Long roots produce shoot-buds and the origin of these structures is delayed until cambial activity has started. Short roots do not give rise to shoot-buds. Cambial activity in long roots appears to be connected with bud production and its absence in short roots probably underlies their inability to produce buds.L'importance de Euphorbia esula L. comme mauvaise herbe est connexé a son capacité de persister dans les situations hostiles et à sa methode de reproduction. Dans ces deux caractéristiques, le système des racines a une signification profunde. Initialement le système des racines s'établit dans le semis. Le semis a une racine primaire très forte avec beaucoup de croissance longitudinale et avec une activité considérable du cambium. Une racine de cette espèce s'appelle une "longue" racine (long root). Par contre, les premières racines latérales que poussent sur la racine primaire ont croissance limité et aucun activité du cambium. Ces racines s'appellent les "courtes" racines (short roots). De cette façon, le semis montre un dessin "heterorhizique" (heterorhizic). Les longues racines latérales ont aussi leur origine sur la racine primaire du semis, mais l'origine est retardé jusqu'au commencement de l'activité du cambium. Les racines de cette espèce apparaissent beaucoup plus tôt sur les semis qui sont situés en terre sans autre végétation, que sur ceux qui sont situés au milieu des autres plantes. Le système adulte des racines se décrit sous forme des longues racines de l'espèce horizontale et verticale, lesquelles constituent la charpente bien visible du système, et des courtes racines que sont produites par les longues racines. Les longues racines produisent les bourgeons, mais l'origine des bourgeons est retardé jusqu'au commencement de l'activité du cambium dans les racines. Les courtes racines ne produisent pas les bourgeons. Il paraît que l'activité du cambium dans les longues racines soit corrélative avec l'initiation des bourgeons et l'absence du cambium dans les courtes racines explique probablement leur incapacité à produire les bourgeons.

The anatomy of the barks of Leptospermoideae

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Bamber
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type Fibre

The anatomy of the barks of 61 species of the tribe Leptospermoideae of the family Myrtaceae, principally from Australia, has been studied. The following anatomical features in particular have been described: type and arrangement of sclerenchyma, type and distribution of crystals, silica, oil glands, sieve tube type, fibre dimensions, periderm, and rhytidome. A key for the identification of the species and/or groups of species described has been derived from the bark anatomy. The bark anatomy would appear to be superior to the wood anatomy for the separation of the species of the tribe. The relationship between the bark anatomy and the taxonomy of the tribe is discussed. Support for the separation of Choricarpia subargentea and C. leptopetala from both Syncarpia and Tristania is given. Tristania neriifolia appears to be distinctly different from other Tristania spp. and re-examination of the species is suggested. Samples of Metrosideros sp. from Indonesia have been found to have the characteristics of Xanthostemon and re-examination of the genus of this species is also suggested. Oil glands have been found to be restricted to the genera Eucalyptus, Syncarpia, and Xanthostemon. Resorption of crystals has been found in the outer phloem of a number of species. Casparian thickening of the cell walls of the suberized phellem in Callistemon and Melaleuca has been confirmed.

Morphological and developmental investigations of the underground system of Erythroxylum species from Brazilian cerrado

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Antonio Alonso ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Aerial Shoot ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Shrubby Species ◽  
Underground System

Brazilian cerrado, a neotropical savanna, is characterised by a strongly seasonal climate with distinctive wet and dry seasons, and deep and well drained soils that are acidic and with high aluminium content. Recurrent fires in the dry season place additional stress on the survival of plants, which exhibit an array of strategies of survival. The purpose of this work was to study the underground system of Erythroxylum nanum A.St-Hil. and E. campestre A.St-Hil., two sub-shrubby species, and E. tortuosum Mart., a shrubby species, verifying the possible relationship between the morphology of the underground organs and the resprouting ability of these plants. Anatomical analyses followed the usual techniques of plant anatomy. The cotyledons of the three species were green, foliaceous and photosynthesising. The two sub-shrubby species (Erythroxylum nanum and E. campestre) showed slow development of the aerial shoot system and extensive growth of the primary root in the initial stage of development. E. tortuosum presented the most pronounced development of the aerial system and a poorly developed primary root compared with the sub-shrubby species. The sub-shrubby species occurred in clumps and had underground systems interlinked, consisting of a deep axial primary root system besides soboles in E. nanum and xylopodium in E. campestre. Plants of the E. tortuosum were isolated, highly branched and their underground system consisted of a superficial primary root system. Abundance of reserves and the bud-forming potential of the soboles, xylopodium and roots resulted in production of vigorous branches that are highly valuable in the regeneration of the aerial biomass following fire or seasonal dry in cerrado.

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