The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. I. The environmental factors and the grassland communities

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGM Carr ◽  
JS Turner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Grassland Communities

The paper is the first of several to present the results of a study, over the last 12 years, of alpine vegetation of the Bogong High Plains (north-eastern Victoria, 5400–6200 ft elevation). Attention is focused on the grassland communities and the response of soils and vegetation to the exclusion of cattle grazing. The first paper outlines the problem, briefly describes the major grasslands, and discusses the climatic and biotic factors concerned.

scholarly journals Contributions to the Knowledge of Soil Resources of Cuca Plain

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Anca -Luiza Stănilă ◽  
Mihail Dumitru ◽  
Cătălin Cristian Simota
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
River System ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

The territory to which we refer is located in the geographical area of the Romanian Plain, north-eastern sector, representing a subunit of Plain Covurlui. From the administrative point of view this territory belongs entirely Galaţi County. Since the first review of Cuca Plain territory fragmentation is found in the form of ridges interfluvial oriented northwest-southeast separated by a river system consistent. The provision gives relief peaks ordely character of monotony. Starting from the idea that the soil appears as a product of the interaction of many factors, we can say that the formation of soil cover of Cuca Plain took part relief, parent material, climate, groundwater, vegetation, human activity. Under the influence of environmental factors and pedogenetic processes in the Cuca Plain were differentiated two classes of soils, namely: protisols and cernisols.

Effects of Disturbance and Grazing by Cattle on the Dynamics of Heathland and Grassland Communities on the Bogong High Plains, Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Williams ◽  
DH Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grassland Communities ◽  
Heath Communities ◽  
Shrub Establishment ◽  
Grazed Grassland

Within the high subalpine tract of the Bogong High Plains there has been a gradual increase in the cover of shrubs over the past 40 years, especially within open heathland and grassland communities. A field trial, using permanent 1 m2 plots, has confirmed that the establishment of shrub seedlings such as Asterolasia trymalioides, Grevillea australis, Phebalium squamulosum and Prostanthera cuneata occurs primarily upon bare ground, and is absent where the cover of vegetation or fixed Poa hiemata litter remains intact. The survival of Poa hiemata seedlings on bare ground is low, except where local shelter is afforded. Disturbances which cause bare ground, including domestic cattle activity, can create microsites suitable for the establishment of shrub seedlings. Shrub establishment and development may be inhibited by cattle trampling, and some palatable shrubs, e.g. Asterolasia and Grevillea, are especially affected. If cattle are removed from previously grazed grassland and heathland sites where shrubs such as Asterolasia and Grevillea have established, the encroachment of such shrubs will be more rapid than on similar sites subject to continued grazing. However, continued cattle activity is unlikely to inhibit the development of non-palatable, vegetatively reproducing shrubs such as Prostanthera cuneata and Phebalium squamulosum within closed heath communities.

Grazing and fire in two subalpine peatlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Burnt Areas

The floristic composition and structure of peatland vegetation in adjoining subalpine catchments of the Bogong High Plains (north-eastern Victoria) were monitored between 1979 and 2006. Grazing by cattle had been excluded from one catchment since 1946, when it was fenced. Peatland vegetation in both catchments was partially burnt in a wildfire in 2003. Between 1979 and 1999, in the ungrazed peatland, the cover of Sphagnum cristatum Hampe and Baeckea gunniana Schauer increased and the cover of pools decreased, whereas in the grazed peatland the cover of B. gunniana and Epacris paludosa R.Br. decreased and the cover of Empodisma minus (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson & D.F.Cutler increased. The cover of all recorded species decreased following a fire in 2003. Between 2004 and 2006, a significant increase in cover was detected in two of eight species measured in burnt areas. In burnt areas, the number of native species per quadrat increased in the grazed peatland and the numbers of exotic species per quadrat increased in both peatlands over that period. By 2006, the peatlands had largely recovered floristically from the 2003 fires but it is likely to be decades before the cover of S. cristatum and Richea continentis B.L.Burtt. reaches pre-fire levels. Control of several exotic species that established after the fire (especially Salix cinerea L. and Juncus spp.) may be required.

scholarly journals Environmental factors affecting the distribution of Chironomid larvae of the Seybouse wadi, North-Eastern Algeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjla Chaib ◽  
Zineb Bouhala ◽  
Lilia Fouzari ◽  
Laura Marziali ◽  
Boudjéma Samraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Algeria

Potential and realized ecological niches of herb and shrub layer in forest ecosystems of the north-eastern Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
I. N. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
Ecological Optimum ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Regimes ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Characteristic Species

The species composition of herb and shrub layer of the major forest ecosystems of the north-eastern Ukraine has been analyzed at the level of vegetation classes, and individual ecological optimum of the main species of herbs and shrubs has been determined in order to predict the dynamics of their populations in the region. Literature data and results of our own studies for the period of 2000–2010 have shown that in accordance with the ecofloristic classification in the region, 6 classes of forest vegetation can be distinguished, such as: Querceto-Fagetea Br.-Bl. (1937), Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. (1939), Pulsatillo-Pinetea sylvestris Oberdorfer (1992), Quercetea robori-petreae Br.-Bl. et. Tx. (1963), Salicetea purpureae Moor (1958), Alnetea glutinosae Br. Bl. ex Tx. (1943). The analysis of the general monographs on ecofloristic classification made in the north-eastern Ukraine (Klika, 1955; Matuszkiewicz, 2001; Shelyah-Sosonko, 2002; Grygora, 2005; Solomakha, 2008; Goncharenko, 2009, 2010; Rogova et al., 2005, etc.), provided an opportunity to review the composition of the characteristic species for the six classes of vegetation, registered in the region. Thereby, species, that hardly ever occur in the region or are very rare, have been excluded from the list of characteristic species. Plant species, peculiar to forest communities of the north-eastern Ukraine, have been added. Woody plants and shrubs have been excluded from the analysis. For each species of the three central classes its individual ecological optimum has been estimated considering six factors: 1 – light availability, 2 – temperature, 3 – continentality, 4 – soil moisture, 5 – soil acidity, 6 – soil fertility. The point scale of Ellenberg (Ellenberg, 1952, 1996) with 12 points for soil moisture and 9 points for other environmental regimes has been taken as a basis. Due to the fact that the scale of Ellenberg fails to include all these species, and has a lot of gaps in the assessment of individual regimes, it has been supplemented by the point scale of Landolt (Landolt, 1977), in which the number of species is greater and the assessment of their optimum is more complete. Considering that that in the scale of Landolt all environmental factors are divided into 5 points, transformation of points into 12- or 9-integrated assessment of environmental regimes has been made. The indicated pattern of wide ecological amplitude in characteristic species of higher syntaxonomic units in forest vegetation is useful adaptive trait from the phytocoenogenesis point of view. If there is any change in the general soil-climatic conditions, forest phytocoenoses retain their integrity due to the change in their great number and even the floristic composition in the lower tiers. Grouping of classes Querceto-Fagetea Br.-Bl. (1937), Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. (1939) and Pulsatillo-Pinetea Sylvestris Oberdorfer (1992) play the leading role in the formation of forest ecosystems in the north- eastern Ukraine. Plant species, peculiar to these classes and being part of herb and shrub layer, provide wide ecological amplitudes, covering at least 3–5-point scales of the main environmental factors. Global warming may result in significant changes in the composition and structure of plant populations that form herb and shrub layer of forest phytocenoses of vegetation classes, peculiar to the north-eastern Ukraine.

Estimating Safe Carrying Capacities of Extensive Cattle-Grazing Properties Within Tropical, Semi-Arid Woodlands of North-Eastern Australia.

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Scanlan ◽  
GM Mckeon ◽  
KA Day ◽  
JJ Mott ◽  
AW Hinton
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Resource Information ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Semi Arid

A methodology is presented to estimate the safe carrying capacity of properties in extensive cattle- grazing regions within tropical, semi-arid woodlands of north-eastern Australia. Carrying capacities for 45 properties were calculated from resource information collected from the properties. These calculated carrying capacities were then compared with graziers' estimates and with Queensland Department of Lands' ratings. The rated carrying capacities were not correlated with either the calculated values or the graziers' estimates, and in general were much lower than both other values. The graziers' estimates and the calculated values were highly correlated with a slope not significantly different from 1 (p>0.1). This methodology could form the basis of a review of rated carrying capacities on an objective basis. Refinements would be necessary to improve the determination of individual cases with particular emphasis on spatial variability of resource use and fine scale variability in soil fertility and tree and shrub density.

Effect of species dispersal and environmental factors on species assemblages in grassland communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 4409-4415
Author(s):  
王丹 WANG Dan ◽  
王孝安 WANG Xiao'an ◽  
郭华 GUO Hua ◽  
王世雄 WANG Shixiong ◽  
郑维娜 ZHENG Weina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Grassland Communities
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