scholarly journals Sensitivity of seedling growth to phosphorus supply in six tree species of the Australian Great Western Woodlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Williams ◽  
Suman George ◽  
Henry W. G. Birt ◽  
Matthew I. Daws ◽  
Mark Tibbett
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Application ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Many Australian native plants from regions with ancient, highly weathered soils have specialised adaptations for acquiring phosphorus (P) and can exhibit negative effects of excess P supply on growth and survival. Despite this, fertiliser (including P) is routinely applied in post-mining and other restoration schemes. In this study we investigated the effect of a range of applied P on the growth and tissue P concentrations for six woody species from the Great Western Woodlands (GWW) of Western Australia – a region that it not only biodiverse, but that has experienced significant levels of mining related activities. Our data from a pot-based experiment show that all six species exhibited greater growth with increased P application up to 15 mg kg sand–1. However, at P concentrations in excess of 15 mg kg–1, dry mass accumulation did not increase further for three of the species tested. For the other three species, dry mass accumulation declined as the P concentration increased above 15 mg kg–1. For all of the study species, root and shoot P concentrations increased as the concentration of applied P increased. The internal shoot P concentration, at which dry matter accumulation either plateaued or started to decline, was in the range 1.95 to 3.2 mg P g–1 dry matter. This was ~2–4 times the concentration found in natural vegetation. These data suggest that in a restoration context, there is a potential risk that, excess P application may decrease plant growth rates for some species. Consequently, the addition of fertiliser to restored sites may have unpredictable impacts on the plant community by directly reducing the growth of some species but increasing the growth of others. We suggest that careful consideration should be given to designing appropriate fertiliser regimes for land restoration schemes in ancient P deplete landscapes to avoid the risk that fertiliser addition has the unwanted outcome of decreasing growth and survival of the target native species and increasing the abundance of unwanted weeds or aggressive pioneer species.

scholarly journals Acúmulo de massa seca em feijão-caupi sob adubação orgânica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares ◽  
Josimar Nogueora da Silva ◽  
Janailson Pereira de Figueredo ◽  
Toni Halan da Silva Irineu ◽  
Raimundo Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Mass Accumulation

<p>O feijão-caupi responde bem à adubação orgânica, aumentando sua produtividade quando o solo é adubado com estercos de animais, compostos orgânicos, húmus de minhoca e biofertilizante. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi em função de diferentes quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo e biofertilizantes orgânicos nas condições do semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em delineamento experimental em blocos completos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 5 repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a quatro quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kg m<sup>-1</sup>) e o segundo fator, duas adubações via foliar na forma líquida (biofertilizante comum e húmus de minhoca). Avaliaram-se os rendimentos de massa seca da: folha, caule, raiz, parte aera, total e da relação parte/aérea. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores tratamentos testados para nenhuma das características avaliadas. O maior acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi foi registrado com a incorporação ao solo de 0,14 Kg m<sup>-1</sup> de húmus de minhoca. Em termos de valores absolutos, o biofertilizante comum proporcionou maior massa seca do feijão-caupi.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Dry matter accumulation in cowpea under organic fertilization</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Cowpea responds well to organic fertilization, increasing its productivity when the soil is fertilized with animal manures, organic compounds, earthworm humus and biofertilizer. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the dry mass accumulation of cowpea as a function of different amounts of earthworm humus incorporated in the soil and organic biofertilizers under the conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, at Universidade Estaudal da Paraíba, in a randomized complete block design, in the 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replications. The first factor corresponded to four quantities of earthworm humus (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m<sup>-1</sup>) and the second factor, two leaf fertilization in the liquid form (common biofertilizer and earthworm humus). The dry mass yields of leaf, stem, root, aera, total and part/air ratio were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between the factors treatments tested for any of the characteristics evaluated. The highest dry mass accumulation of cowpea was recorded with soil incorporation of 0.14 kg m<sup>-1</sup> of worm humus. In terms of absolute values, the common biofertilizer provided a higher dry mass of cowpea.</p>

scholarly journals Boron nutrition and yield of alfalfa cultivar crioula in relation to boron supply

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anacleto Ranulfo dos Santos ◽  
Waldssimiler Teixeira de Mattos ◽  
Ana Aparecida da Silva Almeida ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro ◽  
Beatriz Dias Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
South Brazil

Alfalfa cultivar Crioula (Medicago sativa cv. Crioula) is grown in South Brazil and only a few studies on the plants' boron requirement are available. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with alfalfa to measure boron acquisition, production and distribution in the plant; data on critical level and production potentials were recorded. Plants were grown in ground quartz added with 1 L of solution, with the following boron rates: 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg L-1. Plants were harvested at 46 days of growth. Forage dry mass was increased by boron supply and dry matter accumulation was considerably low in control. Boron concentration in the leaves was higher than in the stems or roots. Boron utilization from the external solution reached 90% at 0.0625 mg L-1 and sharply decreased with further increasing boron rates. Boron concentration and content in the leaves and in plant tops were at maximum when applied boron was between 1.5 and 1.6 mg L-1. Critical levels of boron in plant were 61 mg kg-1 in the leaves and 39 mg kg-1 in plant tops for this cultivar of alfalfa.

scholarly journals Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽  
Yu-Min Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

An analysis of embryo development in palm: interactions between dry matter accumulation and water relations in Pritchardia remota (Arecaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector E. Pérez ◽  
Lisa M. Hill ◽  
Christina Walters
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Embryo Cells

AbstractAssessments of seed storage physiology among Arecaceae (palm) species are often inconclusive because seeds exhibit diverse responses to low temperature and moisture conditions. Interrelationships between dry matter accumulation, cell structure and water relations during seed development of the endangered Hawaiian endemic palm, Pritchardia remota, suggest that damage from drying results from mechanical strain. Endosperm and fruits accumulate dry mass through most of the 400 d gestation period, but embryos reached maximum dry mass about 250 d post-anthesis (DPA). Mostly sucrose and some triacylglycerols accumulated in the cytoplasm and vacuoles of embryo cells, and organelles in mature embryo cells de-differentiated. Water content and water potential decreased as embryos matured and embryos contained about 0.45 g H2O (g dry mass)− 1 ( − 26 MPa) at shedding. Mature embryos survived drying to 0.16 g g− 1 ( − 49 MPa), but further drying was lethal. A model of allowable cell shrinkage is consistent with the substantial, but incomplete, desiccation tolerance acquired in P. remota embryos, and provides a new framework to explain variation in critical water contents as embryos develop. We suggest that desiccation tolerance, which distinguishes recalcitrant and orthodox physiologies among seeds, can be quantified by mechanical strain when embryo cells shrink during drying.

scholarly journals ACÚMULO DE MASSA SECA E MACRONUTRIENTES PELO SORGO SACARINO EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ADUBAÇÃO NPK

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
FLAVIA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS ◽  
LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽  
MANOEL RICARDO DE ALBUQUERQUE FILHO ◽  
MÔNICA MATOSO CAMPANHA ◽  
MARIA LÚCIA FERREIRA SIMEONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Npk Fertilization

RESUMO – Com o objetivo de determinar o acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes ao longo do ciclo do sorgosacarino BRS 506, em diferentes níveis de adubação NPK, foram instalados experimentos por dois anos, em Latossolo,sob irrigação. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentosforam de quatro níveis tecnológicos, relacionados à adubação N-P2O5-K2O, em kg ha-1: muito baixo (NPK = 0-0-0);baixo (NPK = 80-50-80); médio (NPK = 160-100-160) e alto (NPK = 240-150-240). Avaliaram-se o acúmulo demassa seca e macronutrientes aos 30, 50, 70, 90 e 110 dias após plantio (DAP). No geral, foram ajustados modelospolinomiais de segundo grau. O acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes apresentou taxa inicial baixa, até cerca de30 DAP, e a partir daí aumentou consideravelmente, até próximo à maturação, para então se estabilizar e decrescer.No geral, o acúmulo de massa seca foi maior no nível tecnológico alto e o acúmulo de nutrientes não diferiu entre osníveis médio e alto, sendo menor para os níveis baixo e muito baixo. Recomendam-se 160-100-160 kg ha-1 de N-P2O5-K2O para produtividade satisfatória do sorgo sacarino e manutenção da fertilidade do solo, além de outras práticas quefavoreçam a ciclagem de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, nutrição, fertilização, absorção de nutrientes.DRY MASS AND MACRONUTRIENTS ACCUMULATION OF SWEET SORGHUMIN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NPK FERTILIZATIONABSTRACT – In order to determine the dry mass and macronutrients accumulation along the sweet sorghum BRS 506cycle, at different levels of NPK fertilization, experiments were carried out for two years in Oxisol, under irrigation.The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The treatments comprised fourlevels of soil fertility, related to N-P2O5K2O fertilization, in kg ha-1: very low (NPK = 0-0-0); low (NPK = 80-50-80);medium (NPK = 160-100-160) and high (NPK = 240-150-240). Dry matter accumulation and macronutrients wereevaluated at 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 days after planting (DAP). In general, polynomial models of the second degree wereadjusted. Dry matter and macronutrient accumulation presented a low initial rate, until 30 DAP, from there it increasedconsiderably until near the maturation, then stabilizing and decreasing. In general, dry mass accumulation was higherat high technological level and nutrient accumulation did not differ between medium and high levels, being lower forlow and very low levels. It is recommended to apply 160-100-160 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O for a satisfactory productivityof sorghum and maintenance of soil fertility, in addition to other practices favoring the nutrients cycling.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, nutrition, fertilization, nutrient uptake.

DYNAMICS OF DRY MATTER, N AND P ACCUMULATION IN THE DEVELOPING KERNELS OF FOUR SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS FOR IRRIGATION AND DRYLAND

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. W. CUTFORTH ◽  
F. SELLES ◽  
R. M. DEPAUW ◽  
J. M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Lower Protein

The effect of moisture and cultivar on the dynamics of N and P concentration and on dry matter, N and P accumulation of the developing central kernels on the main spike of four wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars were determined. Two common wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and HY320, and two durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars, DT367 and Wakooma, were grown on an Orthic Brown Chernozem in southwestern Saskatchewan in 1985. HY320 and DT367 have higher grain yield potentials and lower protein concentrations than Neepawa and Wakooma. Logistic equations satisfactorily decribed the accumulation patterns of dry matter, N, and P contents in the kernels from anthesis to maturity, while linear and second degree polynomials adequately described the variations in N and P concentrations. Response of N and P concentration to moisture and cultivar was variable but could be explained in terms of rate and amount of dry matter accumulation in kernels and the greater mobility and availability of N compared to P in soil. N and P accumulation was mainly dependent on kernel dry matter response, although N and P concentration did influence accumulation patterns under irrigation. Duration of accumulation of dry matter, N and P in kernels were equal under dryland, but under irrigation the period was several days longer for N than for dry matter and P. Cultivar had no effect on duration of N accumulation under irrigation, but on dryland duration was shortest for Neepawa. For P accumulation, duration was longest for HY320. The mean rates of accumulation of kernel dry matter, N, and P were directly related (R2 = 0.98**) to kernel dry matter, N, and P content, respectively.Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, filling rate, filling duration

scholarly journals Morphophysiological characteristics of guanandi fruit and seeds during ripening and harvesting time

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemeire Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Elisa Serra Negra Vieira ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the relationship of the morphological and physiological characteristics of guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense) fruit and seeds with ripening and harvesting time. The reproductive cycle of a native plant population, located in the coast of the state of Paraná, Brazil, was monitored from anthesis until fruit dispersion, during three years. Monthly harvests were performed, and the morphological and physical aspects (color, size, dry mass, and moisture content) of fruit and embryos were evaluated, as well as the physiological ones (germination and vigor) of seeds. The ripening process of guanandi seeds occurred between 200 and 240 days after anthesis (DAA), with anthesis peak in February and fruit dispersion in October. The maximum dry matter mass accumulation was not synchronized with the maximum physiological potential of the seeds. Germination potential was reached close to the middle of the maturation process, and maximum vigor at the end of the cycle. Fruit external color did not change from 110 DAA onwards. The morphological characteristics related to harvesting time are fruit pulp and embryo weakly adherent to the endocarp and to the tegument, respectively, as well as the dark-brown color of these tissues.

scholarly journals CONSÓRCIO MILHO-BRAQUIÁRIA COM DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS DA FORRAGEIRA NO CENTRO-SUL DO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
GESSI CECCON ◽  
JUSLEI FIGUEIREDO DA SILVA ◽  
PRISCILA AKEMI MAKINO ◽  
ANTÔNIO LUIZ NETO
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

RESUMO - O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de grãos e de massa de milho, solteiro e consorciado com populações de plantas de duas espécies de Brachiaria para formação de palha ou pasto. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas principais foram constituídas pelas espécies de Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis) e as subparcelas, pelas populações de Brachiaria (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 plantas m-²), em linhas espaçadas de 0,45 m. Os tratamentos consorciados apresentam maior acúmulo de massa seca total do que o milho em cultivo solteiro. O máximo rendimento total de massa seca foi observado entre 10 e 12 plantas m-2 de B. ruziziensis, mas com maiores populações de plantas de B. brizantha. A produtividade de grãos teve redução linear de 13,39 kg ha-1 por planta m-2 de B. brizantha e redução quadrática média de 42,04 kg ha-1 por planta m-2 de B. ruziziensis.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, Urochloa, cultivo consorciado, plantio direto.INTERCROPING MAIZE-BRACHIARIA WITH FORAGE  PLANT POPULATION IN THE MID-SOUTH OF BRAZILABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain and dry matter yield of maize, sole and intercropped with four plant populations of two Brachiaria species. We used the experimental design of randomized blocks, with split plots and four replications. The main plots consisted of the Brachiaria species [Brachiaria (sin. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu and Brachiaria ruziziensis] and subplots consisted of the Brachiaria populations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 plants m-²), in same lines spaced 0.45 m. The intercrop treatments have higher total dry matter accumulation than maize monocrop. The maximum total yield dry mass was observed between 10 and 12 plants m-2 B. ruziziensis, but with a large population of plants B. brizantha. The grain yield had linear reduction of 13.39 kg ha-1 per plant m-2 B. brizantha and average quadratic reduction of 42.04 kg ha-1 per plant m-2 of B. ruziziensis.Keywords: Zea mays, Urochloa, intercrop, cropping systems, no tillage.

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation in genotypes of bean submitted to different levels of nitrogen

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-992
Author(s):  
Juliano Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
N Source ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to verify the response of dry matter accumulation in bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizers. Six genotypes ('BRSMG Majestoso', 'Pérola', MA-I-18.13, 'Ouro Negro', 'BRSMG Talismã', and MA-I-2.5) were evaluated in Lavras, testing three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha) and using ammonium sulphate as N source. The experimental design adopted was the randomized block design in a 6 x 3 factorial structure with three replications and the plots were composed of five 5-m rows. The seeds were sown in November 2005 and July 2006. Total dry mass of five competitive plants was evaluated after 35 days from sowing, harvested from a pre-determined place in the useful area of the plots. This process was repeated every ten days until the harvest. The grain yield was also evaluated in one of the rows of the useful area of the plots. It was observed that regarding the dry mass accumulation, the genotypes did not present different responses at the N levels and the average increase per kg/ha applied N was 6.75 kg/ha grains. The genotype BRSMG Majestoso is the most responsive, with 14.4 kg/ha grains per kg applied N whereas the most tolerant is the MA-I-2.5 with1.8 kg/ha grains per kg N.

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