The flooding tolerance of two critical habitat-forming wetland shrubs, Leptospermum lanigerum and Melaleuca squarrosa, at different life history stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Zacks ◽  
Joe Greet ◽  
Christopher J. Walsh ◽  
Elisa Raulings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Common ◽  
Study Species

Understanding the effect of water regime on the different life history stages of woody wetland plants is essential to managing their persistence. The common and widespread myrtaceous shrub species, Melaleuca squarrosa Donn. ex Sm. and Leptospermum lanigerum (Aiton) Sm., provide habitat for two critically endangered fauna within the Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve (south-eastern Australia), but are in decline putatively because of the altered flooding regimes. We, thus, tested the effects of flooding depth and duration on their seed germination and seedling establishment, and seedling growth and survival in two separate glasshouse experiments. We also compared the condition of mature plants of both species at an intermittently flooded (reference) site, and two near permanently flooded (impact) sites. Seeds of both species were able to germinate underwater, but early flooding reduced seedling establishment. Seedling growth of both species was greater in waterlogged than in well drained or inundated conditions, whereas no seedlings of either species survived >8 weeks of submergence. Leptospermum lanigerum seedlings were generally more flood tolerant than were M. squarrosa seedlings. Correspondingly, crown condition of mature M. squarrosa, but not L. lanigerum, was poorer at impact than reference sites. Prolonged flooding in swamp forests is likely to (1) limit woody plant recruitment, because flooding reduces seedling establishment, growth and survival, and (2) be deleterious to the maintenance of less flood-tolerant species (e.g. M. squarrosa). Moist exposed substrate is likely to be best for promoting the recruitment of both study species, and intermittent flooding for maintaining adult M. squarrosa plants.

Taxonomic position of two crimson-spotted rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi and Melanotaenia fluviatilis (Pisces : Melanotaeniidae), from eastern Australia, with special reference to their early life-history stages

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
LELM Crowley ◽  
W Ivantsoff ◽  
GR Allen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
New South ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Melanotaenia Duboulayi

In recent literature, the crimson-spotted rainbowfish from eastern Australia, M. fluviatilis, is recognized as a single species or subspecies. The present paper includes a study of early life-history stages, which shows that two species are represented: M. duboulayi (Castelnau) from eastern or coastal drainage systems of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, and M. fluviatilis (Castelnau) of the inland Murray-Darling system.

Life history of the common blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, from central eastern Australia and comparative demography of a cryptic shark complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair V. Harry ◽  
Paul A. Butcher ◽  
William G. Macbeth ◽  
Jess A. T. Morgan ◽  
Stephen M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Carcharhinus Limbatus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Comparative Demography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similar Appearance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Central Eastern

Common and Australian blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus and Carcharhinus tilstoni) occur sympatrically in Australia, where they are reported as a complex because of their morphological similarities. This study provides the first description of the life history of C. limbatus using samples from central eastern Australia, where C. tilstoni is rare. Females (68–267cm total length (TL); n=183) and males (65–255cm TL; n=292) both matured at 8.3 years and 200cm TL, which exceeds the maximum length of C. tilstoni. Vertebral ageing revealed that female and male C. limbatus lived to 22 and 24 years respectively, exceeding known longevity in C. tilstoni. The mean (±s.d.) intrinsic rate of population increase calculated using a Euler–Lotka demographic method was 0.11±0.02year–1 for C. limbatus, compared with 0.17±0.02 and 0.20±0.03year–1 for two C. tilstoni stocks. Despite their similar appearance, these species differed in both their biological productivity and susceptibility to fishing activities. Monitoring of relative abundance should be a priority given they are likely to have divergent responses to fishing.

scholarly journals Optimized Live Feed Regime Significantly Improves Growth Performance and Survival Rate for Early Life History Stages of Pangasius Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Ut Vu ◽  
Truong-Giang Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Live Feed

This study aimed to determine the optimal live feed regime (i.e., initial feeding moment, density, and frequency) for maximum growth and survival of pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) early life history stages. The first experiment assessed the optimal initial feeding moment (30, 36, 42, and 48 h post hatching, hph). The second experiment assessed feeding density (3, 5, 8 and 11 individuals per mL, ind/mL) at the optimal initial feeding moment (30 hph) which was the best result from the first experiment. The third experiment assessed optimal feeding frequency (1, 2, 4, and 6 times per day) at the optimal initial feeding moment (30 hph) and density (8 ind/mL) which was drawn upon from the second experiment. All experiments were conducted in 20 L containers containing 20 hph P. hypophthalmus larvae at a density of 10 ind/L and fed rotifers (Brachionus angularis) for 3 days and then water fleas (Moina macrocopa) for 7 days. The first experiment demonstrated that larvae initially fed at 30 hph exhibited a significantly higher survival rate (24%) than larvae initially fed at 36, 42, and 48 hph (19%, 16%, and 16%), respectively. The second experiment demonstrated that larvae fed at 8 and 11 ind/mL densities exhibited significantly higher survival rates (32% and 32%) than larvae fed at 3 and 5 ind/mL densities (13% and 23%), respectively. The third experiment demonstrated that the highest survival rate (66%) was obtained when larvae were fed 6 times per day. These results provide valuable insights regarding the optimal live feed regime for better growth and survival of P. hypophthalmus larvae, which are commercially important and numerously cultured throughout the Mekong Delta region.

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

scholarly journals Seeds and Seedlings in a Changing World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from High Altitude and High Latitude Ecosystems

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Vázquez-Ramírez ◽  
Susanna E. Venn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Early Snowmelt

The early life-history stages of plants, such as germination and seedling establishment, depend on favorable environmental conditions. Changes in the environment at high altitude and high latitude regions, as a consequence of climate change, will significantly affect these life stages and may have profound effects on species recruitment and survival. Here, we synthesize the current knowledge of climate change effects on treeline, tundra, and alpine plants’ early life-history stages. We systematically searched the available literature on this subject up until February 2020 and recovered 835 potential articles that matched our search terms. From these, we found 39 studies that matched our selection criteria. We characterized the studies within our review and performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted meta-data regarding the climatic effects likely to change in these regions, including projected warming, early snowmelt, changes in precipitation, nutrient availability and their effects on seed maturation, seed dormancy, germination, seedling emergence and seedling establishment. Although the studies showed high variability in their methods and studied species, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data allowed us to detect existing patterns and knowledge gaps. For example, warming temperatures seemed to favor all studied life stages except seedling establishment, a decrease in precipitation had a strong negative effect on seed stages and, surprisingly, early snowmelt had a neutral effect on seed dormancy and germination but a positive effect on seedling establishment. For some of the studied life stages, data within the literature were too limited to identify a precise effect. There is still a need for investigations that increase our understanding of the climate change impacts on high altitude and high latitude plants’ reproductive processes, as this is crucial for plant conservation and evidence-based management of these environments. Finally, we make recommendations for further research based on the identified knowledge gaps.

Life History and Demography of the Common Mud Turtle Kinosternon Subrubrum in South Carolina, USA

Ecology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2218-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nat B. Frazer ◽  
J. Whitfield Gibbons ◽  
Judith L. Greene
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Life History ◽  
Mud Turtle ◽  
The Common ◽  
Kinosternon Subrubrum
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