scholarly journals Influence of seed dimorphism and provenance on seed morphology, dispersal, germination and seedling growth of Brachyscome ciliaris (Asteraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Aleman ◽  
Manfred Jusaitis ◽  
Joan Gibbs ◽  
Phillip Ainsley ◽  
Fleur Tiver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Seed Provenance ◽  
Dispersal Characteristics

Brachyscome ciliaris is a floriferous Australian native daisy, with potential for use as a horticultural species. The species is hardy and seeds are relatively easy to germinate, but it is unique within the Brachyscome genus in that seeds are distinctly dimorphic. Within a fruiting capitulum, ray seeds are smooth and narrow with a minute pappus, whereas disc seeds have broad flat wings with curled hairs and a longer pappus than that of ray seeds. Both seed morphs, collected from five populations of the species, were tested to determine differences in their morphology, germination speed and percentage, seedling growth and wind-dispersal characteristics. Ray seeds were generally lighter and smaller than disc seeds and their length varied significantly with provenance. Dormancy levels of the two seed morphs and growth of ray- and disc-derived seedlings did not differ significantly, but differences were significant among the five populations tested. Seeds germinated readily, and germination was optimal under winter or summer conditions and lower in spring or autumn. Seed production by plants raised from ray or disc seeds was identical, but Noora-sourced plants yielded more seed than did plants sourced from the other provenances tested. Seed size, germination and plant growth of B. ciliaris varied significantly among populations. Winged disc seeds were dispersed slightly further by wind than were wingless ray seeds. We concluded that dormancy, germination and seed-yield characteristics of B. ciliaris were all influenced more by seed provenance than by seed morph (ray or disc).

scholarly journals Abscisin II and , some. Hormone-Regulated Plant Responses

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall ◽  
LG Paleg ◽  
FT Addicott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Radicle Elongation ◽  
Other Hand

The aotivity of (�)-absoisin II' [(�)AbII] and its interaction with a number of plant growth regulators in the oontrol of lettuce germination, lettuoe hypoootyl and radiole elongation, ououmber seedling growth, radish lea ( senesoenoe, and barley vernalization were examined. The interac.tions between (� )AbII and th�;l promoting h~rmones were of two general types. In gibberellio acid (GAs)-promoted lettuoe germination and kinetin-oontrolled leaf senesoenoe, the effeots of low ooncentrations of ( � )-!\bII were oompletely overoome by high oonoentratioileof the other substanoe. In .the second type of interaction, (� )AbII was inhibitory only in the presenoe of high oonoentrations of the promoter (kinetin in lettuce germinatipn and allogibberio acid in lettuoe radicle elongation). Cuoumber radiole elongation, on the other hand, was promoted by (� )AbII in the presenoe of a mixture of GA4 and GA7.

scholarly journals Seed Yield and Lodging Assessment in Red Fescue (Festuca rubra L.) Sprayed with Trinexapac-Ethyl

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bitarafan ◽  
Rasmussen ◽  
Westergaard ◽  
Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Visual Ranking ◽  
Blue Intensity

Red fescue (Festuca rubra) is used in seed mixtures for lawns and pastures. It is prone to lodge at flowering, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used to prevent lodging, ensuring sufficient pollination. Seed yield and lodging were studied over three years in a red fescue field established with four seeding rates (2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha−1) and sprayed each year with three doses of the PGR trinexapac-ethyl (250 g L−1) (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 L ha−1). Half of each plot was sprayed with the PGR and the other half was left unsprayed as control. The degree of lodging was assessed by analysing drone images in the second year of the experiment and using a 10-point scale for scoring lodging at the ground. Generally, application of PGR increased the seed yield but the effect varied between years. There was no interaction between the PGR dosage and seeding rate. We found a positive correlation between the blue intensity of the images and lodging. PGR dosage significantly affected lodging evaluated by visual ranking and the blue intensity of the images, while the seeding rates did not affect lodging. Lodging affected seed yield negatively.

Combinations of Herbicides and other Pesticides on Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Vigor

The growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings was retarded when treated with either methyl 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoate (amiben methyl ester) or α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) when compared with soybeans treated with either 3-[-p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea linuron. Seedling growth of soybeans also was retarded when treated with amiben methyl ester alone or applied in combination with O,O-diethyl S[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate (disulfoton). Insecticides did not influence growth of soybeans. Linuron applied in combination with O,O-diethyl S-[(ethyl-thio)methyl] phosphorodithioate (phorate). or methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy] thioacetimidate (methomyl) and amiben ester applied in combination with phorate produced significantly lower seedling vigor during only 1 year than when each pesticide was applied alone. Soybean stands were significantly lower only in 1 year when linuron was applied in combination with methomyl. None of the pesticides applied alone or in combination caused significant differences in date of maturity, lodging, seed yield, seed size, or seed quality during either year.

scholarly journals Effects of stage of defoliation on seed production and growth of Stylosanthes humilis

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Loch ◽  
LR Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Defoliation Treatment

Stylosanthes humilis swards grown at Brisbane in irrigated boxes were defoliated (about 60 per cent removal of tops) at floral initiation, first flower appearance, or advanced flowering stages ; seed yield was 45, 16, and 14 per cent respectively of seed yield in undefoliated swards. Decreased yields were primarily due to poor seed set of florets, were also associated with reduced inflorescence density and floret number per inflorescence, and occurred despite increases (in some defoliation treatments) in seed size, leaf growth rate, and differentiation of leaves and branches. Total seasonal plant growth was independent of defoliation treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Htwe ◽  
Seinn Moh Moh ◽  
Khin Myat Soe ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Application ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Natalia Miler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

scholarly journals Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bacillus sp. Strain with Bacterial Endophytes on Plant Growth and Colonization in Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Ahsanul Salehin ◽  
Ramesh Raj Puri ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman Hafiz ◽  
Kazuhito Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
F 33

Colonization of a biofertilizer Bacillus sp. OYK strain, which was isolated from a soil, was compared with three rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains to evaluate the colonization potential of the Bacillus sp. strains with a different origin. Surface-sterilized seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Chika) were sown in the sterilized vermiculite, and four Bacillus sp. strains were each inoculated onto the seed zone. After cultivation in a phytotron, plant growth parameters and populations of the inoculants in the root, shoot, and rhizosphere were determined. In addition, effects of co-inoculation and time interval inoculation of Bacillus sp. F-33 with the other endophytes were examined. All Bacillus sp. strains promoted plant growth except for Bacillus sp. RF-37, and populations of the rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains were 1.4–2.8 orders higher in the tomato plant than that of Bacillus sp. OYK. The plant growth promotion by Bacillus sp. F-33 was reduced by co-inoculation with the other endophytic strains: Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, Enterobacter sp. Sal 3, and Herbaspirillum sp. Sal 6., though the population of Bacillus sp. F-33 maintained or slightly decreased. When Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 was inoculated after Bacillus sp. F-33, the plant growth-promoting effects by Bacillus sp. F-33 were reduced without a reduction of its population, while when Bacillus sp. F-33 was inoculated after Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, the effects were increased in spite of the reduction of its population. Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 colonized dominantly under both conditions. The higher population of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. in the plant suggests the importance of the origin of the strains for their colonization. The plant growth promotion and colonization potentials were independently affected by the co-existing microorganisms.

Seed morphology and ultrastructure in Citrus garrawayi (Rutaceae) in relation to germinability

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Rod A. Drew ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Immature Seeds

Combinational traits of seed size and seed-coat hardness in Citrus garrawayi (F.M.Bailey) (syn. of Microcitrus garrowayi) were investigated as markers for estimation of seed morphological and physiological maturity. Seed size (length) and coat hardness correlated well with changes in seed coat and embryo morphological development, dry-weight accumulation, decreases in moisture content and a significant increase in germinability. Seed moisture content decreased from 82 ± 1% in immature seeds to 40 ± 1% at seed maturation. The outer integument of immature seeds consisted of thin-walled epidermal fibres from which outgrowths of emerging protrusions were observed. In comparison, mature seed coats were characterised by the thickening of the cell walls of the epidermal fibres from which arose numerous protrusions covered by an extensive mucilage layer. Immature seeds, with incomplete embryo and seed-coat histodiffereniation, had a low mean germination percentage of 4 ± 4%. Premature seeds, with a differentiated embryonic axis, were capable of much higher levels of germination (51 ± 10%) before the attainment of mass maturity. Mature seeds, with the most well differentiated embryonic axis and maximum mean dry weight, had the significantly highest level of germination (88 ± 3%).

Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chadhokar ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

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