Fire dependency of a rock-outcrop plant Calothamnus rupestris (Myrtaceae) and implications for managing fire in south-western Australian forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Rock Outcrop ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Granite Outcrop ◽  
Western Australian

Granite outcrops embedded in south-western Australian forests provide habitat for unique biotic assemblages and refugia for fire-sensitive taxa. Discontinuous vegetation and natural barriers to fire spread enable outcrops to function as fire refugia, provided fires in the surrounding forest are not of high intensity. In Summer 2003, lightning started a fire in jarrah forest that had not been burnt for almost 20 years. The high-intensity fire burned the vegetation on Mount Cooke, a large granite outcrop, providing an opportunity to study the response of Calothamnus rupestris Schauer, a fire-sensitive serotinous plant. The population was killed by the fire, but readily regenerated from seed stored in woody capsules. The post-fire population reached maturity after ~7.5 years, whereas the seed bank is unlikely to recover to the pre-fire level until ~14 years. The likelihood of intense forest wildfires affecting outcrop communities can be reduced by frequent low-intensity prescribed burning in the surrounding forests to reduce fuel hazard and quantity. Low-intensity forest fires are unlikely to be lethal to sensitive granite-outcrop communities.

Inhibition rather than Enhancement of Hemostatic System Activation during Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Johannes Brockmeier ◽  
Ansgar Weltermann ◽  
Sabine Eichinger ◽  
Wolfgang Speiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
System Activation

SummaryCoumarin-induced skin necrosis is believed to be due to a transient hypercoagulable state resulting from a more rapid decline of the protein C activity relative to that of coagulation factors (F) II, IX and X during initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy. We studied hemostatic system activation during early oral anticoagulant treatment with a technique that investigates coagulation activation in the microcirculation.We determined in 10 healthy volunteers the concentrations of prothrombin fragment F1+2 (f1.2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in blood emerging from an injury of the microvasculature (bleeding time incision) before and after initiation of both high-inten- sity and low-intensity coumarin therapy. In addition, f1.2, TAT, activated F VII (F Vila) and the activities of FII, F VII, F X and protein C were measured in venous blood.A rapid decline of F VII and protein C was observed in venous blood with activities at 24 h of 7 ± 1% and 43 ± 2%, respectively, during the high-intensity regimen. A 20 to 30% reduction of f1.2 and TAT was seen in venous blood at 72 h with no major difference between the high- and the low-intensity regimen. F Vila levels were substantially affected by anticoagulation with a >90% reduction at 48 h during the high-intensity regimen. Following high-intensity coumarin, a >50% decrease in the fl.2 and TAT levels was found in shed blood at 48 h suggesting substantial inhibition of thrombin generation during early oral anticoagulation. An increase in the f1.2 and TAT levels was seen neither in shed blood nor in venous blood.Our data do not support the concept of a transient imbalance between generation and inhibition of thrombin as the underlying pathomechanism of coumarin-induced skin nekrosis.

Contralateral training effects of low-intensity blood-flow restricted and high-intensity unilateral resistance training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goncalo V. Mendonca ◽  
Carolina Vila-Chã ◽  
Carolina Teodósio ◽  
André D. Goncalves ◽  
Sandro R. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Low Intensity

scholarly journals Comparison of two different models of rehabilitation programs following total knee replacement operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabab S. Zaghlol ◽  
Sahar S. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Attia ◽  
Ghada A. Dawa
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Functional Gain

Abstract Background Total knee replacement operation (TKR) is the treatment of choice in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Rehabilitation post-TKR is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare between the high-intensity (HI) rehabilitation program and the low-intensity (LI) rehabilitation program following TKR. Results At 1 month following the TKR operations, significant improvements were found in the first group compared to the second group in all the measured parameters except for the knee range of motion (ROM). At 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, there were statistically significant differences between both groups in all the evaluated parameters except for the numeric pain rating scale and the knee ROM. Conclusions Both high-intensity and low-intensity rehabilitation programs are effective; however, HI program had superior functional gain and patient-reported outcomes compared to the LI program. Moreover, HI group has a long-term functional gain.

scholarly journals Prescribed burning in a mediterranean-climate region mitigates the disturbance by bushfire to a critical food resource for an endangered bird, the Carnaby’s cockatoo

Fire Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Densmore ◽  
Emma S. Clingan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Percentage Survival

Abstract Background Prescribed burning is used to reduce fire hazard in highly flammable vegetation types, including Banksia L.f. woodland that occurs on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP), Western Australia, Australia. The 2016 census recorded well over 1.9 million people living on the SCP, which also encompasses Perth, the fourth largest city in Australia. Banksia woodland is prone to frequent ignitions that can cause extensive bushfires that consume canopy-stored banksia seeds, a critical food resource for an endangered bird, the Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorynchus latirostris, Carnaby 1948). The time needed for banksias to reach maturity and maximum seed production is several years longer than the typical interval between prescribed burns. We compared prescribed burns to bushfires and unburned sites at three locations in banksia woodland to determine whether low-intensity prescribed burns affect the number of adult banksias and their seed production. Study sites were matched to the same vegetation complex, fire regime, and time-since-fire to isolate fire intensity as a variable. Results Headfire rates of spread and differenced normalized burn ratios indicated that prescribed burning was generally of a much lower intensity than bushfire. The percentage survival of adult banksias and their production of cones and follicles (seeds) did not decrease during the first three years following a prescribed burn. However, survival and seed production were significantly diminished followed high-intensity bushfire. Thus, carrying capacity for Carnaby’s cockatoo was unchanged by prescribed burning but decreased markedly following bushfire in banksia woodland. Conclusions These results suggest that prescribed burning is markedly different from bushfire when considering appropriate fire intervals to conserve canopy habitats in fire-resilient vegetation communities. Therefore, low-intensity prescribed burning represents a viable management tool to reduce the frequency and extent of bushfire impacts on banksia woodland and Carnaby’s cockatoo.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Approach to Downscale Geostationary Satellite Imagery for Decision Support in High Impact Wildfires

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. McCarthy ◽  
Ali Tohidi ◽  
Yawar Aziz ◽  
Matt Dennie ◽  
Mario Miguel Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Active Fire

Scarcity in wildland fire progression data as well as considerable uncertainties in forecasts demand improved methods to monitor fire spread in real time. However, there exists at present no scalable solution to acquire consistent information about active forest fires that is both spatially and temporally explicit. To overcome this limitation, we propose a statistical downscaling scheme based on deep learning that leverages multi-source Remote Sensing (RS) data. Our system relies on a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to downscale Geostationary (GEO) satellite multispectral imagery and continuously monitor active fire progression with a spatial resolution similar to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) sensors. In order to achieve this, the model trains on LEO RS products, land use information, vegetation properties, and terrain data. The practical implementation has been optimized to use cloud compute clusters, software containers and multi-step parallel pipelines in order to facilitate real time operational deployment. The performance of the model was validated in five wildfires selected from among the most destructive that occurred in California in 2017 and 2018. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in monitoring fire progression with high spatiotemporal resolution, which can be instrumental for decision support during the first hours of wildfires that may quickly become large and dangerous. Additionally, the proposed methodology can be leveraged to collect detailed quantitative data about real-scale wildfire behaviour, thus supporting the development and validation of fire spread models.

Concentration of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) and sucrose in beverages: Effects on physicochemical characteristics and acceptance

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322097379
Author(s):  
Jahir Antonio Barajas-Ramírez ◽  
Ana Luisa Gutiérrez-Salomón ◽  
Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Red Color

The calyces of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are used to make a refreshing drink with high content of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, although the process for obtaining the beverage is not standardized. In this research it was determined physicochemical characteristics, total soluble polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and acceptance for beverages prepared by decoction at four concentrations of calyces in water (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0%) and two concentrations of sucrose (11 and 16%). Color parameters in beverages permitted to describe them as red, which turned darker as the content of hibiscus increased. Total soluble polyphenols content and antioxidant activity were directly correlated with content of calyces in beverages and inversely correlated with pH, which means that beverages with higher content of calyces could be perceived as more acidic and more intense in characteristics associated with hibiscus presence, such as acid, astringent and the presence of intense dark red color, although the higher concentration of sucrose might have contributed to mask slightly the sourness and astringency. Acceptance for hibiscus beverages allowed to observe two segments of consumers, high-intensity and low-intensity likers but both confluence in overall liking values for beverages prepared with 2.5% calyces and 16% sucrose.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Forest Fires in Southeastern Australia Using SAR Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2386
Author(s):  
Aqil Tariq ◽  
Hong Shu ◽  
Qingting Li ◽  
Orhan Altan ◽  
Mobushir Riaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Sar Imagery

Prescribed burning is a common strategy for minimizing forest fire risk. Fire is introduced under specific environmental conditions, with explicit duration, intensity, and rate of spread. Such conditions deviate from those encountered during the fire season. Prescribed burns mostly affect surface fuels and understory vegetation, an outcome markedly different when compared to wildfires. Data on prescribed burning are crucial for evaluating whether land management targets have been reached. This research developed a methodology to quantify the effects of prescribed burns using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery in the forests of southeastern Australia. C-band SAR datasets were specifically used to statistically explore changes in radar backscatter coefficients with the intensity of prescribed burns. Two modeling approaches based on pre- and post-fire ratios were applied for evaluating prescribed burn impacts. The effects of prescribed burns were documented with an overall accuracy of 82.3% using cross-polarized backscatter (VH) SAR data under dry conditions. The VV polarization indicated some potential to detect burned areas under wet conditions. The findings in this study indicate that the C-band SAR backscatter coefficient has the potential to evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed burns due to its sensitivity to changes in vegetation structure.

scholarly journals Modeling Low Intensity Fires: Lessons Learned from 2012 RxCADRE

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Rodman R. Linn ◽  
Judith L. Winterkamp ◽  
James H. Furman ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
J. Kevin Hiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Wind Input ◽  
Variable Wind ◽  
Local Variability

Coupled fire-atmosphere models are increasingly being used to study low-intensity fires, such as those that are used in prescribed fire applications. Thus, the need arises to evaluate these models for their ability to accurately represent fire spread in marginal burning conditions. In this study, wind and fuel data collected during the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiments (RxCADRE) fire campaign were used to generate initial and boundary conditions for coupled fire-atmosphere simulations. We present a novel method to obtain fuels representation at the model grid scale using a combination of imagery, machine learning, and field sampling. Several methods to generate wind input conditions for the model from eight different anemometer measurements are explored. We find a strong sensitivity of fire outcomes to wind inputs. This result highlights the critical need to include variable wind fields as inputs in modeling marginal fire conditions. This work highlights the complexities of comparing physics-based model results against observations, which are more acute in marginal burning conditions, where stronger sensitivities to local variability in wind and fuels drive fire outcomes.

scholarly journals Competences Required for the Delivery of High and Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Interventions for Chronic Fatigue, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Rimes ◽  
Janet Wingrove ◽  
Rona Moss-Morris ◽  
Trudie Chalder
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Interventions

Background: Cognitive behavioural interventions are effective in the treatment of chronic fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome (sometimes known as ME or CFS/ME) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Such interventions are increasingly being provided not only in specialist settings but in primary care settings such as Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. There are no existing competences for the delivery of “low-intensity” or “high-intensity” cognitive behavioural interventions for these conditions. Aims: To develop “high-intensity” and “low-intensity” competences for cognitive behavioural interventions for chronic fatigue, CFS/ME and IBS. Method: The initial draft drew on a variety of sources including treatment manuals and other information from randomized controlled trials. Therapists with experience in providing cognitive behavioural interventions for CF, CFS/ME and IBS in research and clinical settings were consulted on the initial draft competences and their suggestions for minor amendments were incorporated into the final versions. Results: Feedback from experienced therapists was positive. Therapists providing low intensity interventions reported that the competences were also helpful in highlighting training needs. Conclusions: These sets of competences should facilitate the training and supervision of therapists providing cognitive behavioural interventions for chronic fatigue, CFS/ME and IBS. The competences are available online (see table of contents for this issue: http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_BCP) or on request from the first author.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document